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Design, fabrication, and measurement of a miniaturized MIMO antenna applicable for 5G communication 设计、制造和测量适用于 5G 通信的小型化多输入多输出天线
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000096
Ankan Bhattacharya
{"title":"Design, fabrication, and measurement of a miniaturized MIMO antenna applicable for 5G communication","authors":"Ankan Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000096","url":null,"abstract":"The design of low-profile Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas for various 5G applications is a topic of huge interest in academia, research, and telecommunication sector. In this aspect, a compact and low-profile 5G MIMO antenna has been designed and analyzed for various 5G applications, specifically for the 24 GHz bands (24.25–24.45 GHz and 25.05–25.25 GHz) and local multipoint distribution system band (27.5–28.35 GHz) of the 5G spectrum. The proposed antenna structure is 20 × 20 × 1 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> in dimension. Two spade-shaped radiators composed of Copper (annealed) material are placed orthogonally to improve isolation and maintain signal diversity. Rogers RT 5880 is used as the material for substrate. The antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 21.5–28.5 GHz. The mutual isolation |S<jats:sub>21</jats:sub>| has been maintained ≤29 dB due to the insertion of a T-shaped parasitic strip in between the radiating elements. Novelty in design and superiority in performance has been observed when compared with related antenna categories.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy efficient microwave curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer via metamaterial matching and advanced electromagnetic exposure control 通过超材料匹配和先进的电磁曝光控制实现碳纤维增强聚合物的高能效微波固化
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000072
Yasin Alekajbaf, Suraj Murali, Dragos Dancila
{"title":"Energy efficient microwave curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer via metamaterial matching and advanced electromagnetic exposure control","authors":"Yasin Alekajbaf, Suraj Murali, Dragos Dancila","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000072","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed an effective and sustainable technique for the curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) using microwaves. The method involves applying a metallic resonance coating layer to envelop the CFRP composite’s surface. Next, the composite is positioned within a multi-mode cavity, which is used as an applicator, and is powered by four 250 W solid-state power amplifiers. To ensure precise control over the heating pattern and achieve uniform heating of the composite, a sophisticated control algorithm is developed. This algorithm can independently regulate the phase, power level, and frequency of each power amplifier. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this proposed approach in achieving precise control over the microwave-based curing process for CFRPs.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leaky-wave antenna on substrate-integrated waveguide with radiation pattern controlled by DC voltage 辐射模式受直流电压控制的基底集成波导漏波天线
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000060
Jan Machac, Milan Svanda, Vaclav Kabourek
{"title":"Leaky-wave antenna on substrate-integrated waveguide with radiation pattern controlled by DC voltage","authors":"Jan Machac, Milan Svanda, Vaclav Kabourek","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) for the design of a leaky-wave antenna (LWA). The antenna radiates through a wide slot in the top wall of the SIW structure in the forward direction. The effective width of the slot is varied by changing capacitances of two arrays of varactors connected between slot edges and inserted conducting strips. The radiation pattern of the antenna is by this way controlled by DC bias, which sets the capacitances of varactors. The maximum radiation direction in elevation can be varied within 35° by changing the DC bias from 2 to 12 V. This elevation angle is measured from the broad side direction perpendicular to the antenna substrate. The measured antenna characteristics are in accord with those predicted by simulation. The antenna can be simply fabricated by a planar circuit board technology.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual band circularly polarized partially reflecting surface-loaded dielectric resonator-based MIMO antenna for mm-wave 5G applications 用于毫米波 5G 应用的基于介质谐振器的双波段圆极化部分反射表面加载多输入多输出天线
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000163
Pawan Kumar Shukla, Sikandar, Vijay Shanker Tripathi, Anand Sharma
{"title":"Dual band circularly polarized partially reflecting surface-loaded dielectric resonator-based MIMO antenna for mm-wave 5G applications","authors":"Pawan Kumar Shukla, Sikandar, Vijay Shanker Tripathi, Anand Sharma","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A two-port ceramic-based antenna loaded with partially reflecting surface (PRS) is structured and explored. Fan-shaped slot is utilized to create circularly polarized wave in both frequency ranges. Dual frequency ranges are due to hybrid mode creation inside the ceramic material, i.e. HEM<span>11δ</span> and HEM<span>12δ</span> modes. PRS is used to change the phase gradient, which in turn tilts the radiation beam (±35°) obtained from different port in opposite direction. This concept is useful to reduce the envelop correlation coefficient using far-field. Experimental verification confirms that the designed antenna works from 26.1 to 27.5 GHz and 31.7 to 33.6 GHz along with less than 3-dB axial ratio from 26.5 to 27.1 GHz and 31.9 to 33.1 GHz respectively. Orthogonal placement of ports introduces the concept of polarization diversity and decreases the coupling between ports by an amount of −25 dB. Good gain value (up to 7.0 dBi) and better value of diversity performance make the designed radiator applicable for 5 G millimeter-wave uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modal analysis and higher order mode suppression of a high impedance surface-based bowtie antenna 高阻抗面基弓形天线的模态分析和高阶模态抑制
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000047
Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Amitabha Bhattacharya
{"title":"Modal analysis and higher order mode suppression of a high impedance surface-based bowtie antenna","authors":"Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Amitabha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work studies the design of a high impedance surface (HIS)-based bowtie antenna in the framework of characteristic mode analysis (CMA) and proposes the method of higher order mode suppression. A triangular-elliptical bowtie antenna operating in the frequency range of 1.6–6 GHz is designed. The radiating and higher order modes of the proposed antenna are identified using CMA, and an HIS structure is used to enhance the desired mode and to suppress the higher order mode in order to get high gain, good front-to-back ratio (FBR), and stable radiation characteristics. The final designed HIS-based bowtie antenna gives stable radiation patterns from 1.7 to 5.5 GHz with a maximum boresight gain of 10.5 dB. Also, gain from 6.5 to 12 dB and FBR from 8 to 18 dB are obtained in the operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna features the advantages of low profile, wideband and high boresight gain making it suitable for ground-penetrating radar applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A single-layer band-stop frequency selective surface with wide angular stability property 具有宽角度稳定性的单层带挡频率选择表面
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001599
Hang Gu, Wei Zhao, Fan Zhang, Chao Yang
{"title":"A single-layer band-stop frequency selective surface with wide angular stability property","authors":"Hang Gu, Wei Zhao, Fan Zhang, Chao Yang","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a single-layer band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS) by combination of Mike Kastle unit and square ring unit is proposed to achieve wide angular stable shielding. Owing to the rotational symmetry of the structure, the designed FSS is insensitive to polarization. By the combination design, the wide angular stability can be achieved as the incident angle increases from 0° to 85°, with only a maximum frequency deviation of 0.012 GHz. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the proposed FSS is investigated by the parametric analysis of equivalent circuit model. The prototype was manufactured and measured to verify the design and simulation analysis, and the measurement results were in good agreement with the simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139470376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RT-SCNNs: real-time spiking convolutional neural networks for a novel hand gesture recognition using time-domain mm-wave radar data RT-SCNN：利用时域毫米波雷达数据进行新型手势识别的实时尖峰卷积神经网络
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001575
Ahmed Shaaban, Maximilian Strobel, Wolfgang Furtner, Robert Weigel, Fabian Lurz
{"title":"RT-SCNNs: real-time spiking convolutional neural networks for a novel hand gesture recognition using time-domain mm-wave radar data","authors":"Ahmed Shaaban, Maximilian Strobel, Wolfgang Furtner, Robert Weigel, Fabian Lurz","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001575","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach to radar-based hand gesture recognition (HGR), addressing the challenges of energy efficiency and reliability by employing real-time gesture recognition at the frame level. Our solution bypasses the computationally expensive preprocessing steps, such as 2D fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), traditionally employed for range-Doppler information generation. Instead, we capitalize on time-domain radar data and harness the energy-efficient capabilities of spiking neural networks (SNNs) models, recognized for their sparsity and spikes-based communication, thus optimizing the overall energy efficiency of our proposed solution. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of our approach, showcasing significant classification accuracy on the test dataset, with peak performance achieving a mean accuracy of 99.75%. To further validate the reliability of our solution, individuals who have not participated in the dataset collection conduct real-time live testing, demonstrating the consistency of our theoretical findings. Real-time inference reveals a substantial degree of spikes sparsity, ranging from 75% to 97%, depending on the presence or absence of a performed gesture. By eliminating the computational burden of preprocessing steps and leveraging the power of (SNNs), our solution presents a promising alternative that enhances the performance and usability of radar-based (HGR) systems.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and realization of a compact substrate integrated coaxial line butler matrix for beamforming applications 设计和实现用于波束成形应用的紧凑型基底集成同轴线管家矩阵
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001502
Satya Krishna Idury, Nicoló Delmonte, Lorenzo Silvestri, Maurizio Bozzi, Soumava Mukherjee
{"title":"Design and realization of a compact substrate integrated coaxial line butler matrix for beamforming applications","authors":"Satya Krishna Idury, Nicoló Delmonte, Lorenzo Silvestri, Maurizio Bozzi, Soumava Mukherjee","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the modeling and realization of a compact substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) based butler matrix operating at 5 GHz for beam-forming applications. The proposed 4 × 4 butler matrix is developed using SICL-based hybrid coupler, crossover, and phase shifter. A compact 90<span>∘</span> coupler comprising of center tapped unequal stubs is designed to enhance the size reduction as well as to extend the out of band rejection. Wideband SICL-based crossover operating from DC to 10 GHz is conceived for the proposed butler matrix using a plated through hole as transition. The SICL crossover features very high measured isolation of 65 dB owing to the reduction in coupling between the two signal paths within a lateral footprint of only 0.034 <span><span><img data-mimesubtype=\"png\" data-type=\"\" src=\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20240105075835744-0539:S1759078723001502:S1759078723001502_inline1.png\"><span data-mathjax-type=\"texmath\"><span>$lambda_g^2$</span></span></img></span></span>. A meandered SICL-based line is used in order to provide the necessary 45<span>∘</span> and 0<span>∘</span> phase shift to realize the butler matrix. The fully shielded and self-packaged compact 4 × 4 SICL-based butler matrix is fabricated and experimentally validated to operate at 5 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139397496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wideband design and modeling of efficient multi-resonance reflective linear-to-circular polarization converter 高效多谐振反射式线性到圆极化转换器的宽带设计与建模
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001629
Reza Zaker, Farid Jolani
{"title":"Wideband design and modeling of efficient multi-resonance reflective linear-to-circular polarization converter","authors":"Reza Zaker, Farid Jolani","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A reflective linear-to-circular polarization converter based on dual frequency-selective structures (FSSs) is proposed and modeled to exhibit efficient wideband performance. The design utilizes a diagonal array of two connected circular patches as an effective anisotropy with regular current distribution in several successive resonances, resulting in orthogonal reflections with a 90° phase difference. The relevant upper-part characteristic is improved by using two separate square patches as a high-frequency resonator. This design with distinct key parameters leads to high overlapping and then excellent bandwidth and efficiency over 105% and 96%, respectively, with an axial ratio below 1.7 dB. A sophisticated equivalent circuit-admittance model including effective mutual coupling between two FSSs is extracted, featuring closed-form equations for the physical design. Different dielectric constants are studied on the converter, which offer controllable coverage in the range of 3–24 GHz (S, C, X, Ku, and K bands), variably. For actual validation, a very thin (0.04<span>λ</span><span>0</span> at 3.65 GHz) 8 × 8 array prototype was built and measured at different incident angles, showing angular stability up to 45° in 78% (6–14 GHz) bandwidth. This converter has potential applications in communication, spectroscopy, detection, and imaging in micro-, mm-, and THz-wave regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139397301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High gain metasurface integrated millimeter-wave planar antenna – CORRIGENDUM 高增益元表面集成毫米波平面天线 - CORRIGENDUM
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001514
M. U. Tahir, U. Rafique, M. M. Ahmed, Syed Muzahir Abbas, Shahid Iqbal, Sai-Wai Wong
{"title":"High gain metasurface integrated millimeter-wave planar antenna – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"M. U. Tahir, U. Rafique, M. M. Ahmed, Syed Muzahir Abbas, Shahid Iqbal, Sai-Wai Wong","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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