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A fast phase calibration method for a liquid crystal microwave phased array antenna assisted by neural network 神经网络辅助液晶微波相控阵天线的快速相位校准方法
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1017/s175907872400014x
Qianying Yan, Yanwei Huang, Wenzhao Zhang, Xin Hou, Mengqing Zhang, Xiangru Wang, Feng Liang
{"title":"A fast phase calibration method for a liquid crystal microwave phased array antenna assisted by neural network","authors":"Qianying Yan, Yanwei Huang, Wenzhao Zhang, Xin Hou, Mengqing Zhang, Xiangru Wang, Feng Liang","doi":"10.1017/s175907872400014x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175907872400014x","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal microwave phased arrays (LC-MPAs) are regarded as an ideal approach to realize compact antennas owing to their advantages in cost, size, weight, and power consumption. However, the shortcoming in low radiation deflection efficiency has been one of LC-MPAs’ main application limitations. To optimize the steering performance of LC-MPAs, it is essential to model the channel imperfections and compensate for the phase errors. In this paper, a phase error estimation model is built by training a neural network to establish a nonlinear relationship between the near-field phase error and the far-field pattern, hence realizing fast calibration for LC-MPAs within several measured patterns. Simulations and experiments on a 64-channel, two-dimensional planar antenna were conducted to validate this method. The results show that this method offers precise phase error estimations of 3.58° on average, realizes a fast calibration process with several field-measured radiation patterns, and improves the performances of the LC-MPA by approximately 4%–10% in deflection efficiency at different steering angles.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Air-filled substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter based on miniaturized non-resonant node structure 基于小型化非谐振节点结构的空气填充基底集成波导带通滤波器
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000084
Yunlong Li, Changjun Tian, Shaozhuo Li, Peng Chen, Yun Li, Kai Yang
{"title":"Air-filled substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter based on miniaturized non-resonant node structure","authors":"Yunlong Li, Changjun Tian, Shaozhuo Li, Peng Chen, Yun Li, Kai Yang","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) bandpass filter with a miniaturized non-resonant node (NRN). The NRN structure is introduced between the three resonators, and its size is smaller than the resonator size, which can realize the NRN structure’s miniaturization and reduce the model’s size. The NRN size of this filter is 41% of the NRN size of the existing AFSIW filter. This filter also introduces a transmission zero (TZ) above the passband. The measured results show that the filter’s center frequency is 20.73 GHz, and the bandwidth is 0.86 GHz. The insertion loss in the passband is 0.95 dB, and the return loss is better than 23 dB. Due to the TZ in the upper stopband, the AFSIW filter obtained good selectivity.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on a rectangular double transmission line structure 设计基于矩形双传输线结构的宽带高效功率放大器
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000606
Luyu Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Chenlu Wang, Chao Gu
{"title":"Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on a rectangular double transmission line structure","authors":"Luyu Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Chenlu Wang, Chao Gu","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design methodology for a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier (PA). The large available impedance space of the extended continuous Class-GF mode is employed. A novel output matching network of the PA consisting of a rectangular double transmission line structure is proposed to meet impedance requirements. To validate the effectiveness of this structure, a high-efficiency PA operating in 0.8–3.0 GHz is designed using a CGH40010F GaN transistor. The measured results demonstrate that the drain efficiency falls within the range of 63.2%–71.9%, the output power varies from 40.2 to 42.2 dBm, and the gain ranges from 9.4 to 11.3 dB within the frequency band of 0.8–3 GHz. The realized PA exhibits an extremely competitive relative bandwidth of 115.8%.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on ring-resonant filter with compensation architecture and a series of continuous modes 基于带补偿结构和一系列连续模式的环谐振滤波器的宽带高效功率放大器设计
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000539
Sen Xu, JianFeng Wu, Xiang Chen
{"title":"Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on ring-resonant filter with compensation architecture and a series of continuous modes","authors":"Sen Xu, JianFeng Wu, Xiang Chen","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000539","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic design approach is presented for the design of broadband high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) by combining an improved ring-resonant filter matching network with a series of continuous modes. The improved ring-resonant matching network presented can effectively enhance out-of-band attenuation and sharp roll-off characteristics by adding a compensation structure with parallel stub. To verify the proposed design theory, a 10-W GaN HEMT device is designed and fabricated. The test results indicate that from the operating frequency band of 0.55−3.3 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 142.9%, a saturated output power of 38.5−42 dBm, drain efficiency of 58.2−70.3%, and a gain of 8.5–12 dB can be achieved under 3 dB gain compression, indicating the rationality of the design theory.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A broadband metasurface antenna with multimode resonance 具有多模谐振的宽带元面天线
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000588
Hui Pang, Jianping Zhao, Juan Xu
{"title":"A broadband metasurface antenna with multimode resonance","authors":"Hui Pang, Jianping Zhao, Juan Xu","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000588","url":null,"abstract":"A multiresonance metasurface antenna is proposed which has wide bandwidth and low-profile. The characteristic mode theory is used to design antenna structure. Three ideal modes are obtained by adjusting the mode currents to optimize the radiation performance of the antenna. The characteristic mode analysis is used to model, analyze, and optimize the antenna, revealing the physical characteristics of the metasurface antenna. The slot is not only used as the feeding structure for exciting characteristic modes but also introduces a slot mode. Combining the slot mode with the metasurface modes, the bandwidth of the antenna is broadened. The antenna element has a relative bandwidth of 43.7%. To obtain higher gain, a 2 × 2 antenna array is proposed. The antenna array is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The results show that the relative bandwidth of the proposed metasurface antenna array is 31.6% with the gain of 12.3–15.8 dBi over the operating bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circularly polarized dual-port MIMO DRA for future Wi-Fi 6E applications 用于未来 Wi-Fi 6E 应用的圆极化双端口 MIMO DRA
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000576
Javed Iqbal, Usman Illahi, Shahid Mahmood Ramay, Mohamad Ismail Sulaiman
{"title":"Circularly polarized dual-port MIMO DRA for future Wi-Fi 6E applications","authors":"Javed Iqbal, Usman Illahi, Shahid Mahmood Ramay, Mohamad Ismail Sulaiman","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000576","url":null,"abstract":"This research article proposes a dual-sense dual-port wideband circularly polarized (CP) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna designed for Wi-Fi 6E applications. The main novelty lies in achieving CP for both ports using a truncated rectangular-shaped aperture. By incorporating design and spatial diversity and defective ground structure between the two radiators, the design improves isolation and enables the antenna to generate Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP)depending on the selected feed port. The proposed MIMO rectangular dielectric resonator antenna demonstrates an impressive impedance-matching bandwidth (IBW)from 5.5 to 8.0 GHz (37.10%) as well as an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) covering from 6.0 to 6.55 GHz (12.20%). Additionally, the dual-port wideband CP MIMO antenna exhibits satisfactory diversity performance parameters. To validate the simulated results, a physical prototype is fabricated and subjected to experimental testing. The measured outcomes of the fabricated model align closely with the simulated results, confirming the accuracy of the design. With both MIMO and CP capabilities and improved isolation, this proposed model proves beneficial in reducing latency and minimizing the impact of multipath fading. Therefore, it stands as an excellent choice for future devices utilizing the Wi-Fi 6E band due to its broad IBW and overlappingAR.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the effects of struts diameter and shape on the European Space Agency deep space antenna directivity and first side lobe 支杆直径和形状对欧洲航天局深空天线指向性和第一侧叶的影响
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000527
Davide Arenare, Fabio Pelorossi, Filippo Concaro, Marco Pasian
{"title":"On the effects of struts diameter and shape on the European Space Agency deep space antenna directivity and first side lobe","authors":"Davide Arenare, Fabio Pelorossi, Filippo Concaro, Marco Pasian","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000527","url":null,"abstract":"Large reflector antennas, such as the European Space Agency deep space antennas (DSAs), practically always require struts to support the sub-reflector. While inevitable, they deteriorate the antenna performance. To minimize this deterioration, it is pivotal to understand the role played by different features, including struts diameter and shape. This paper proposes a detailed numerical investigation on the impact of these features on antenna efficiency and side lobes, for a test case comprising both DSA3 and DSA4. It is demonstrated, for the first time in a comprehensive and quantitative way that includes different permutations for the strut design, that both features are significant to define the deterioration, thus providing a significant feedback for struts design.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An ultra-wideband power amplifier designed through a bandwidth expansion strategy 通过带宽扩展策略设计的超宽带功率放大器
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000552
Xuefei Xuan, Zhiqun Cheng, Brendan Hayes, Zhiwei Zhang, Tingwei Gong, Shenbing Wu, Chao Le
{"title":"An ultra-wideband power amplifier designed through a bandwidth expansion strategy","authors":"Xuefei Xuan, Zhiqun Cheng, Brendan Hayes, Zhiwei Zhang, Tingwei Gong, Shenbing Wu, Chao Le","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000552","url":null,"abstract":"A bandwidth expansion strategy for ultra-wideband power amplifiers (PAs) is presented in this letter by adopting a parallel impedance matching architecture. This design strategy can effectively reduce the impedance conversion ratio between the load and the target impedance of the PA, thereby providing a feasible solution for broadband impedance matching. Subsequently, a commercially available 10 W gallium nitride device and a two-stage Wilkinson power divider network are combined to achieve the verification of the proposed theory. The results of the measurement show that within the target frequency band of 0.9–3.9 GHz, 58.5–71.2% of the drain efficiency and 9.1–12 dB of gain can be achieved with a saturated output power of 39.1–42 dBm.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-gain TM11 mode equilateral triangular patch antenna with shorting pins and triangular short horn 带短路引脚和三角短角的高增益 TM11 模式等边三角形贴片天线
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000382
Ashwani Kumar, Shatish K. Gautam, Ravi K. Arya, Maifuz Ali, Praduman P. Singh, Anand K. Verma, Raj Mittra
{"title":"High-gain TM11 mode equilateral triangular patch antenna with shorting pins and triangular short horn","authors":"Ashwani Kumar, Shatish K. Gautam, Ravi K. Arya, Maifuz Ali, Praduman P. Singh, Anand K. Verma, Raj Mittra","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000382","url":null,"abstract":"Normally, the reported gain of the microstrip patch antenna is within 8 dBi. Using properly located three shorting pins on three bisectors, the present work reports a method to convert the non-radiating TM<jats:sub>11</jats:sub> mode of equilateral triangular patch antennas (ETPAs) to a deformed TM<jats:sub>11</jats:sub> radiating mode. The boresight gain of ETPA operating in TM<jats:sub>11</jats:sub> mode is enhanced from −10.75 to 12.1 dBi at 5.43 GHz. The boresight measured gain is further enhanced to 14.2 dBi at 5.52 GHz by using a triangular surface-mounted short horn (SMSH) of about <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078724000382_inline1.png\"/> <jats:tex-math>${{lambda }}/5$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> height. The aperture efficiency of the ETPA with the shorting pins is 84.2%. The aperture efficiency is further improved to 94.2% using the SMSH. The measured boresight cross-polarization and side-lobe level are −40 and −29 dB, respectively. The nature of the electricfield and surface current distribution is analyzed, using both the characteristic mode analysis method and high-frequency structure simulator, to understand the role of shorting pin and coaxial feed in converting the non-radiating TM<jats:sub>11</jats:sub> mode to the radiating mode. A systematic design process also is presented for a fast design of shorting pin-loaded ETPA on the suitable substrate at a specified frequency.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whole-body SAR measurements of millimeter-wave base station in reverberation chambers 混响室中毫米波基站的全身 SAR 测量
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000515
Jens Eilers Bischoff, Paramananda Joshi, Davide Colombi, Bo Xu, Christer Törnevik
{"title":"Whole-body SAR measurements of millimeter-wave base station in reverberation chambers","authors":"Jens Eilers Bischoff, Paramananda Joshi, Davide Colombi, Bo Xu, Christer Törnevik","doi":"10.1017/s1759078724000515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078724000515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for measuring whole-body specific absorption rate (WBSAR) of millimeter-wave base stations (BSs) in a reverberation chamber (RC). The absorbed power in the phantom from the equipment under test (EUT) and hence WBSAR is determined as the difference between the total radiated power with and without the phantom. A chamber transfer function is determined and used to include only the absorption in the phantom due to direct illumination from the EUT, i.e., excluding absorption due to the RC multipath reflections. The measurement method was evaluated at 28 GHz using a horn antenna and a commercial massive multi-input–multi-output BS. The experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. The proposed method allows for measurements of WBSAR within 3 minutes, which is much shorter than traditional approaches. The method is suitable for compliance assessments of BS products with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 2020 electromagnetic field exposure guidelines, which extend the applicability of WBSAR as basic restrictions up to 300 GHz.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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