Md. Ahsan Halimi, Taimoor Khan, Ahmed A. Kishk, Yahia M.M. Antar
{"title":"Efficient rectifier circuit operating at N78 and N79 sub-6 GHz 5G bands for microwave energy-harvesting and power transfer applications","authors":"Md. Ahsan Halimi, Taimoor Khan, Ahmed A. Kishk, Yahia M.M. Antar","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The microwave energy-harvesting (MEH) and microwave power transfer (MPT) technologies have become the most emerging areas of research nowadays. The microwave rectifier circuit is the bottleneck of both the MEH and MPT systems. The efficiency of the system depends on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier. Due to the recent advancement of the fifth-generation communication system, it is desirable to propose an efficient rectifier operating at sub-6 GHz 5G bands. A dual-band rectifier circuit is designed and demonstrated for MEH/MPT purposes, specifically at sub-6 GHz 5G frequency bands. The dual-band matching is achieved by using a stepped impedance transmission line. The rectifier covers N78 (3.3–3.6 GHz) and N79 (4.8–5.0 GHz) bands. Peak PCE of 67.6% @ 3.5 GHz and 56.8% @ 4.9 GHz are achieved. For validation purpose, the rectifier is fabricated and characterized and measured results show good agreement with simulated results.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different 2D and 3D mask constraints synthesis for large array pattern shaping","authors":"Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, different 2D and 3D mask styles for synthesizing large array pattern shaping to meet the requirements of modern applications are realized. The composition of the different beam pattern shaping is achieved by comparing the array factor with the proposed masks whose details (upper and lower borders) are predefined according to the designer. The generated pattern shapes are as follows: unscanned 2D single-pencil beam, scanned 2D pencil beam, 2D multi-beam scanning, 2D wide flat beam with little ripple, unscanned 3D single-pencil beam, 3D multi-beam scanning, and footprint (or contour) pattern for linear and planar arrays. The process of constructing these patterns is followed by predicting the amplitude-only weights (i.e., the phase weighting is considered zero in all computations) of the elements using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In all proposed masks, different sidelobe levels are controlled, ranging from −20 to −100 dB. Also, the radiated beamwidth is controlled, ranging from 0.1334 rad (7.6 deg.) to 0.4 rad (23 deg.). The analysis and construction of linear and planar array arrangements depend on the formulation of antenna array theory through the implementation of the proposed (estimated) equations using MATLAB code. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods in controlling the pattern shape according to the required modern trends.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly sensitive RF sensor based on microstrip meander line for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties of alcohol–alcohol mixtures","authors":"Huan Zou, Yiyun Wang, Xiaoqin Liu, Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, a radio frequency sensor for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties is designed based on microstrip meander line. The meander sensor replaces the straight transmission lines with meander transmission lines in the part of the half-wavelength path difference to improve the sensitivity of the sensor and reduce its size. According to the experimental results, the meander sensor based on the meander line has higher accuracy and a lower relative error than the straight sensor in measuring methanol–ethanol mixtures with different molar fractions. The relative error measured by the meander sensor after calibration with an adjustable cavity is less than 1%. It is easier to detect the very slight variation in dielectric properties brought about by microfluidics. The detection technique can be further applied for the accurate detection of dielectric properties of valuable biological samples, providing a more concise and convenient way.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Yan, Yi Wang, Xiaofan Min, Lei Tang, Yu Xia, You Li
{"title":"Design and analysis of an energy selective","authors":"Kun Yan, Yi Wang, Xiaofan Min, Lei Tang, Yu Xia, You Li","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract By combining the technique of energy selective surface and frequency selective rasorber, an energy selective rasorber is proposed, which performs selective energy protection in the low communication frequency band (0.8–2 GHz) and wave-absorbing property in the high-frequency band (6–18 GHz). The design consists of two layers, of which the bottom one contains a lumped diode structure for energy selection function in the transmission band, while together with the top layer, they perform a wideband wave absorbing function. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other, and both show good absorption in 6–18 GHz and energy-selective property around 1.86 GHz. That is, when the incident power changes from −30 to 14 dBm, the reflection coefficient changes from below −22 dB to above −2 dB, while the transmission coefficient changes from above −3 dB to below −17 dB.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Husam Alsakka, Mohammed Zewani, Abdelrazak Albadawieh
{"title":"Dual UWB bandpass filter with highly band-to-band rejection using stepped impedance stub-loaded resonators for WBAN health-care applications","authors":"Mohammed Husam Alsakka, Mohammed Zewani, Abdelrazak Albadawieh","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the rapid development of communication technology, the researches of multi-band filtering circuits have become more and more important. Multimode resonator (MMR) is one of the vital methods to provide multi-resonant modes within a single design. In this paper, a dual-band ultra-wideband bandpass filter (UWB-BPF) using stepped impedance stub-loaded resonators (SI-SLR) is presented. The main advantage of using SI-SLR is to have better performance with multimode behavior and more parameters to control resonant modes. SI-SLR combines the advantages of SIR and SLR structures, which gives a compact, high-performance multiband filter. The proposed filter design has compact size, sharp and flat response with low insertion loss (IL), low return loss (RL), and high band-to-band rejection. The filter is designed for UWB communication in wireless body area networks and fabricated on Arlon substrate with relative permittivity ${varepsilon_{textrm{r}}} = 3.25$ , thickness $0.8;{textrm{mm}}$ . The resulted dual-bands are centered at $4{textrm{ GHz}}$ and $8.3{textrm{ GHz}}$ with fractional bandwidths $37{textrm{% }}$ and $48{textrm{%}}$ . The simulation was carried out using CST Microwave Studio. The filter provides good passband performances, with IL 0.49 dB and 0.31 dB at the center frequency of lower and higher bands, respectively. The band-to-band 40 dB rejection is realized by adding circular spiral at the input/output of the filter.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Mahdi Pezhman, Abbas Ali Heidari, Ali Ghafoorzadeh-Yazdi, Fatemeh Homayoon, Hamed Shahraki
{"title":"A low-profile SIW multi-beam antenna array fed by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 BFN","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Pezhman, Abbas Ali Heidari, Ali Ghafoorzadeh-Yazdi, Fatemeh Homayoon, Hamed Shahraki","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a low-profile six-beam antenna implemented by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 beamforming network (BFN) and a 6 × 2 slot antenna in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The main components of the proposed 6 × 6 BFN are 3 × 3 multi-aperture couplers, interlayer hybrid couplers, and several phase shifters which are embedded on two microwave substrates. The proposed antenna has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for the frequency range of 28–32 GHz. The size of this antenna is 82 × 31.8 × 0.787 mm 3 , which can be a suitable choice for 5G applications due to its compact dimensions compared to similar works. Prototype testing shows that the proposed structure presents a stable beamforming performance both in simulation and measurement with good agreement. The antenna generates six radiation beams in directions ±9°, ±30°, and ±54° with good return losses and isolations.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact three-way planar power divider with a simple structure","authors":"Stelios P. Tsitsos, Ioannis C. Giannenas","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A simple and compact three-way planar power divider, which avoids the floating common node of the isolation resistors, is presented. The proposed structure exhibits a wideband operation (measured frequency range of 1.6–3.3 GHz and bandwidth of 69.4%) with good return loss and isolation characteristics. Transmission line theory is used for the mathematical analysis and extraction of design equations, followed by simulations and experimental measurements that confirm the predicted results. The proposed divider achieves an equal power split (∼32%, −4.9 ± 0.4 dB insertion loss) between the input and each output port. The measured return loss is better than −10 dB at all ports, and the measured maximum isolation is close to −30 dB. The proposed design exhibits a fully planar structure, thus eliminating the need for a floating common node for the isolation resistors. Additionally, its structure is much simpler (i.e., no coupled lines, crossovers, or lumped capacitors are required) than other designs, achieves wideband operation, and provides design simplicity, flexibility, and easy implementation. Despite its simple noncomplicated structure, the proposed three-way planar divider achieves similar (or in some cases, better) performance and size than other more complicated structures. Furthermore, it can be expanded to an n -way structure.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jere Rusanen, Alok Sethi, Nuutti Tervo, Veeti Kiuru, Timo Rahkonen, Aarno Pärssinen, Janne P. Aikio
{"title":"Ka-band stacked and pseudo-differential orthogonal load-modulated balanced power amplifier in 22 nm CMOS FDSOI","authors":"Jere Rusanen, Alok Sethi, Nuutti Tervo, Veeti Kiuru, Timo Rahkonen, Aarno Pärssinen, Janne P. Aikio","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an integrated power amplifier (PA) following the orthogonal load-modulated balanced amplifier (OLMBA) topology. The fixed-phase prototype in this paper is implemented with 22 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) process. The proposed PA operates at 26 GHz frequency range, where it achieves 19.5 dBm output power, 16.6 dB gain, 15.7% power added efficiency, and 18.3 dBm output 1-dB compression point ( $P_{rm 1,dB}$ ). The PA is also tested with high dynamic range modulated signals, and it achieves, respectively, 11.4 dBm and 4.9 dBm average output power ( P avg ) with 100 MHz and 400 MHz 64-QAM third-generation partnership project/new radio frequency range 2 signals, and 14 dBm P avg with 0.6 Gb/s (120 MHz) single carrier 64-QAM signal, measured at 26 GHz and using −28 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio and −21.9 dB (8%) error vector magnitude as threshold values. The proposed OLMBA is also compared to a stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA. Modulated measurements show that the stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA has better linearity in deep back-off, but the OLMBA has better efficiency.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Secure Network for Streamlined and HighPerformance Consensus Algorithm based on Blockchain Technology","authors":"Deven A Gol, Nikhil Gondaliya","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.02","url":null,"abstract":"The blockchain technology has been widely adopted for various applications due to its decentralization, transparency, and security features. Consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), are fundamental components of blockchain technology, ensuring the integrity and validity of the blockchain network. However, the current consensus algorithms face challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and security threats. To address these challenges, a new secure network for streamlined and high-performance consensus algorithm based on blockchain technology has been proposed. This new network incorporates the advantages of PoW and PoS, resulting in a hybrid consensus algorithm that is more efficient and secure than the existing algorithms. Additionally, the new network utilizes a dynamic sharding mechanism to improve scalability, reducing the overall processing time of transactions. The simulation results help identify potential vulnerabilities and inefficiencies in the consensus algorithm. Optimal combinations of block interval and propagation delay are determined based on specific use cases, balancing high throughput with security and consensus stability. The study also validates the security of Proof-of-Work (PoW) by comparing the fraction of generated blocks with the expected blocks based on miners' hashing power. This study establishes a foundation for future improvements in consensus algorithms, contributing to their evolution and facilitating the implementation of blockchain applications in various domains such as finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and more. The proposed solution aims to provide a more robust and efficient blockchain platform that can handle a higher volume of transactions while maintaining its security features.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled A. M. Al Soufy, Nagi H. Al-Ashwal, Faisal S. Al-Kamali, Redhwan Saad, Majed A. AL-Sayadi
{"title":"Design of 28/38-GHz Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Antenna based on SIW for Future Cellular Communication Systems","authors":"Khaled A. M. Al Soufy, Nagi H. Al-Ashwal, Faisal S. Al-Kamali, Redhwan Saad, Majed A. AL-Sayadi","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"The millimeter wave (mmWave) band has gained significant attention due to its potential to cater to the rapidly increasing wireless data rates. Due to the reduced wavelength in mmWave communications, it is possible to implement large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and the receiver. Designing small antennas in the mmWave range presents many challenges, which is the main aim of this paper. The aim of this work is to proposed an efficient design of a dual-band mmWave antenna, with the dimension of 26.5mm×7.0mm×0.254mm, for future cellular communication systems using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The elements of the proposed antenna consist of SIW cavity with one longer longitudinal slot and another shorter engraved slot in one of the conducting planes (1×2) for 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The substrate duroid 5880/Rogers are used with a loss tangent and dielectric constant of 0.003 and 2.2, respectively. The CST Microwave Studio, an industry-standard software, was utilized to conduct the simulation results. The proposed antenna's performance was evaluated by analyzing its gain, radiation pattern, and return loss at the frequencies of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. Furthermore, it is compared with other relative works. The single antenna element was able to attain an impedance bandwidth (S11< -10 dB) of 1.32 GHz and 3.1 GHz, with a satisfactory gain of 6.1 dBi and 5.81 dBi at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The results indicate that the designed antenna can attain consistent and adjustable dual-frequency performance, making it a viable option for future cellular communication systems.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}