Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"最新文献

{"title":"Activism of religious organizations in the field of fundamental human rights protection","authors":"Marta Sheptytska","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.131","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines and analyzes the active activity of religious organizations in the field of protection of fundamental human rights. The main principles of interaction between the state and religious organizations in Ukraine in the field of protection of fundamental human rights are: observance of the principle of separation of religious organizations from the state and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; overcoming the negative consequences of the state's attitude to religious institutions in Soviet times; the inadmissibility of the participation of religious organizations in political activities, as well as attempts by political parties or leaders to use religious organizations for political purposes; improvement and development of legal mechanisms in practice in the establishment of partnership relations between the state and religious organizations; assistance in the realization of the rights of religious organizations and the creation of conditions for their normal and comprehensive functioning, etc. The main activities of religious organizations in the direction of protection of fundamental human rights include: cooperation in the field of preservation and growth of social morality; cooperation in the field of establishing and maintaining inter-religious, inter-denominational, inter-ethnic and civil harmony in Ukrainian society; promoting international peace, understanding, and cooperation between people, nations, and states; creation of inter-confessional and inter-church associations for the purpose of consolidating the efforts of religious organizations for the purpose of their implementation of large-scale social projects, etc.; revival, preservation and development of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Ukraine; cooperation in the field of spiritual, moral, patriotic upbringing and education; cooperation in the scientific field, including joint research in the humanitarian field; cooperation in the field of culture, art and creative activity; cooperation in the field of state social protection and public health protection; support for the institution of family, motherhood and childhood; cooperation of religious and secular mass media; taking care of the spiritual and moral education of the military, employees of law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies; crime prevention work, care for persons in prisons; joint environmental protection activities; cooperation in the field of economic activity for the benefit of religious organizations, the state and society.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal identity: structuring the meaningful space","authors":"Valentyn Davydiuk","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.029","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the proposition about the expediency of considering legal identity as a special form of social identity and reveals its essence as a legal category. It was determined that legal identity is determined primarily by individual character, because it is an individual quality of a natural person, which consists in mutual understanding between this person and society, provides the possibility of optimal realization of subjective legal rights and contributes to the prompt implementation of subjective legal obligations, is the basis development of individual legal status and serves as a moral and psychological determinant of the nature of legal behavior of the subject of law. It is emphasized that legal identity is a dynamic category that transforms in the process of legal socialization. The identity of a person in the scientific discourse is mostly interpreted as a dynamic, integral cognitive-motivational formation, and therefore it is a system of defining social constructs of the subject, which is constructed (formed) during life as a result of interaction, social comparison and active construction of social reality. Accordingly, legal identity has a dynamic character, contains a motivational component, is a system of social constructions of an individual as a legal subject and is formed in the process of social and legal interaction of similar and different legal subjects, reflects a moral and psychological comparison of oneself with the surrounding legal reality and is a factor that affects the legal matter of a certain society. Legal identity has an unstable nature and is transformed in the process of legal socialization of a person. Social and legal realities of a person cause changes in his personality, and the increase or, conversely, decrease in the value of law at a certain stage of a person's life is reflected in his essence.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public participation as a key principle of the openness of the judiciary: genesis and globalization aspects","authors":"Andriy Mazovita","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.262","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation. The article analyzes the historical-legal and recent globalization trends in the development of the principle of public participation as a factor of judicial openness. It was established that open governance guarantees transparency, accountability and openness of government, while simultaneously increasing opportunities for citizen participation. It has been proven that it is in demand in the exercise of judicial power. The genesis aspects of the formation of the judiciary were characterized by the fact that the parties to the process depended on the favor of the rulers for the right to participate in the courts: not all individuals were authorized to file lawsuits, testify, serve as a professional or public assessor, even the right to be a plaintiff. The author singled out historical aspects of the development of the openness of the judiciary: overcoming the selectivity of the participation of individuals in the process; development of the accessibility of the judicial process for all without discrimination on various grounds; spreading the openness of judicial information as a means of achieving the legal educational function of the government and a way of preventing crime; the direct connection between the development of the principle of openness and the development of political human rights. The existence of two concepts of the understanding of open justice is motivated: a quick and public trial, based on the norms of law, which are highlighted in the Bill of Rights of the United States of 1791, and the fairness and accessibility of the court, which is highlighted in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950. The global trends of changes in public participation in the judiciary under the influence of the development of the information environment are indicated. The latter provides wider opportunities for access to the court. The openness of the court is not only the main demand of people for judicial work, but also a channel for demonstrating judicial justice. The following problems of the modern stage of legal support of the principle of court openness have been identified: the complexity of guaranteeing (a combination of legal and technical mechanisms) the information availability of the judiciary; providing the latest opportunities for judicial information analysis by overcoming the classic selective approach by using the data systematization method.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the electoral system of Ukraine through the prism of the electoral code of Ukraine","authors":"Olena Romtsiv","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.268","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that the process of constant reform of the electoral legislation has a negative effect on the practice of its implementation. As you know, stable legislation is the most productive, and stable legislation is that which most adequately reflects public needs and provides effective mechanisms for their legal regulation. In many EU member states, the procedure for preparing and holding elections is determined by the Electoral Code. The Electoral Code allows not only to systematize and unify various types of election procedures, but also to create a legal basis, according to which instead of several normative legal acts, one would operate, which would regulate all legal relations in the electoral sphere without exception. Before the adoption of the Electoral Code, the electoral legislation of Ukraine consisted of an array of laws and regulatory acts that were partially duplicated, and in some cases had differences where there should be a unified approach to legal regulation. It has been found that the proportional electoral system with open lists, provided for by the Election Code of Ukraine for the elections of people's deputies, has a number of advantages of application in our state, namely: the general interest of citizens in the electoral process will increase, voters will be more careful in choosing worthy candidates; under this electoral system, a direct connection is established between a specific candidate and a voter, because voters know who they are voting for; the influence of corruption schemes will decrease and the chances that the parties will be able to send unprofessional candidates to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine will decrease significantly; competition between politicians in the party itself should increase, each deputy will be forced to work so that he is elected by the voters, and not to think about how to buy \"passing\" seats.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem aspects of social adaptation of persons released from places of deprivation of will.","authors":"Volodymyr Ortynskyi","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.001","url":null,"abstract":"Реформування кримінально-виконавчої системи поставили перед Україною зав- дання визначення пріоритетних умов і засобів соціальної адаптації осіб, які були звільнені з місць позбавлення волі. У статті розглядається соціально-правова природа процесу соціальної адаптації осіб, звільнених з місць позбавлення волі. Розглянуто проблеми соціальної адаптації зі звільненими з місць позбавлення або обмеження волі до умов життя на волі, визначено напрями роботи з ними, а також суб’єкти, які реалізують ці напрями. Зазначено основні принципи державної політики щодо соціальної реабілітації осіб, звільнених з місць позбавлення волі. Зауважимо, що адаптація звільненого правопорушника – це нове пристосування особистості до соціального середовища, прийняття норм, законів, традицій, звичаїв, що були втрачені або зазнали значної деформації за умов її перебування у місцях позбавлення волі. Відтак від цього етапу залежатиме подальша правомірна чи, навпаки, кримі- нальна життєдіяльність особи.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«The history of the Russians»: a memory of Ukrainian political and legal thought in the context of national genesis and state-legal tradition of Ukrainians","authors":"Ivan Terlyuk","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.007","url":null,"abstract":"Анотація. Розглянуто «Історію Русів» як пам’ятку української політико-правової думки. Проводиться думка про неї як про знакове явище з погляду українських націоґенезу й державно-правової традиції. Висловлено власне розуміння використовуваної термінології. Наголошено, що на зламі XVIII початку ХІХ ст. в російсько-імперських політико- правових реаліях український націоґенез як ідея національної державності розвивався загалом у руслі двох тенденцій необхідності збереження козацької державно-правової традиції й потреби врахування нових суспільно-політичних реалій. Підкреслено, що першу тенденцію в «Історії Русів» засвідчено у найголовніших положеннях її політичних і правових ідей. Установлено, що усі вони побудовані на підвалинах стрижневої засади козацької державно- правової традиції вольностей відібраних прав, які жили в історичній пам'яті народу й будили волелюбні думки та прагнення українців. Мотивовано, що «Історія Русів» попри оспівування козаччини, не була позбавлена віянь нового модерного періоду. Як приклад, наводиться використання автором праці відповідної термінології. Аргументовано, що «Історія Русів» виразно засвідчувала тенденцію на потребу врахування нових суспільно-політичних реалій, що склалися на українських землях Російської імперії. Акцентовано, що найповніше вона виявляла себе у просторі концепції України як Малоросії. Встановлено, що вказана концепція в тогочасній російській Україні вже утвердилася як особлива форма історичної і політичної свідомості й творила особливу ідентичність. Доведено, що яскравим виявом цієї тенденції було явище т. зв. подвійної лояльності. У підсумок наголошено, що «Історія Русів» у багатьох сенсах перехідний документ. Запропоновано вважати її працею, в якій чи не вперше, нехай опосередковано, відображена одна з негативних рис української ментальності – надмірна схильність до компромісу й конформізм. Відзначено, що це явище супроводжувало українців фактично від часу утвердження в Україні обох імперій з останньої чверті XVIII ст., а потім і в радянський час до кінця ХХ ст. і чи не до сьогодні. Висловлено переконання, що подвійна лояльність та ідентичність характерні для будь-якої імперії (авторитарної держави), а відтак були вимушеними рисами суспільних умов для українців, зокрема, в обох імперіях так само, як і в пізнішій радянській.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crimes against the basics of national security in the context of recent amendments and changes","authors":"Svitlana Soroka","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.244","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of crimes against the foundations of national security in the context of the latest changes and additions was carried out. It is established that criminal law is not stable, as it is based on changing and fluid historical conditions, which are determined by political, social and economic forces. In view of the current events caused by the started war against our state, a number of changes and additions were made to Chapter 1 \"Crimes against the foundations of national security\" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. ​It is emphasized that crimes against the foundations of national security are socially dangerous, illegal, punitive and culpable acts, committed by a physically reprehensible person who has reached the age of criminal responsibility, and encroaches on the state and social order of Ukraine, its sovereignty, political system, inviolability, territorial integrity , defense capability, information and economic security, as well as national security in the field of ecology and military armament. Among them, the legislator includes actions aimed at violent change or overthrow of the constitutional order or at the seizure of state power (Article 109); encroachment on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine (Article 110); financing of actions committed for the purpose of violent change or overthrow of the constitutional order or seizure of state power, change of territory or state border of Ukraine (Article 110-2); treason (Article 111); encroachment on the life of a state or public figure (Article 112); sabotage (Article 113); espionage (Article 114) and obstruction of the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations (Article 114-1).A general description of the components of these crimes is provided. ​Changes to the legislation, which were introduced to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in connection with the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, were considered. It was found that Section I \"Crimes against the foundations of national security\" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was supplemented with the following articles: Collaborative activity (Article 111-1); Assistance to the aggressor state (Article 111-2);Obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations (Article 114-1); Unauthorized dissemination of information about the transfer, transfer of weapons, armaments and war supplies to Ukraine, the movement, transfer or placement of the Armed Forces of Ukraine or other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, committed under conditions of war or a state of emergency (Article 114-2). ​It was concluded that the criminalization of certain acts under martial law is a necessary, relevant and timely step on the part of the state.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of lawyer`s activities under the conditions of marital state","authors":"Leonid Ostapenko, Anastasiia Shandruk","doi":"10.23939/law2023.38.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.176","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, martial law was introduced throughout the territory of our country. Russian aggression not only complicated political, economic and other processes within our country, but also caused many changes in many spheres of social life, the activity of the Bar of Ukraine was no exception, which is an independent self-governing institution that provides protection, representation and the provision of legal assistance on a professional basis. Today's realities prevent lawyers from effectively and properly performing their professional duties to provide legal aid to the country's population. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts regarding the procedure for the activities of the bar under martial law. Also, in today's conditions, there has been an increase in requests for legal assistance for vulnerable sections of the population who have suffered losses as a result of the war. The peculiarities of the implementation of the institute of legal aid in modern military conditions become a significant factor in increasing the effectiveness of the legal mechanism as a whole, therefore, the correct application of measures to study changes in the activity of such an institute in real-time is a rather important and necessary task of legal practice and science. Before us, there is a need to study and research the activities of the legal profession under new circumstances in the conditions of war, when the population of Ukraine, and especially internally displaced persons, who massively need the provision of high-quality legal assistance from individuals and legal entities who can provide it based on legislation.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unauthorized dissemination of information on the destination, movement of weapons, weapons and military supplies to Ukraine, movement or placement of the armed forces of Ukraine or other military formations established in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, made under the conditions of war or a state of emergency: criminal-legal aspect","authors":"Svitlana Soroka","doi":"10.23939/law2023.37.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.37.291","url":null,"abstract":"The criminal-law aspect of the unauthorized dissemination of information about the sending, movement of weapons, armaments and war supplies to Ukraine, the movement, movement or placement of the armed forces of Ukraine or other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, committed in conditions of war or a state of emergency, was considered. It is emphasized that since ancient times, humanity needs protection from dangerous encroachments. First of all, we are talking about the so-called absolute criminal offenses, among which the main ones were murder, theft, various kinds of deception, etc. and which accompany humanity throughout the entire history of its existence. In order to protect itself from criminal offenses, humanity in the person of an authorized body - the state - determines which actions are criminal offenses. It was found that criminalization is the legal recognition of certain acts as criminal, the establishment of criminal liability for them, which is an important element of legal policy, as it establishes which of the acts are criminal offenses. Certain criteria of criminalization are defined. It has been analyzed that in the conditions of the military invasion of Ukraine by the aggressor country, the problem of the inadequacy of the criminal-legal norms applicable in the conditions of war has become extremely acute. Therefore, the Law of Ukraine of March 24, 2022 No. 2160-IX \"On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine on Ensuring Counteraction to Unauthorized Dissemination of Information and Sending Transferred Weapons, Weapons, and War Supplies to Ukraine, Movement, Transfer, or Placement of the Armed Forces of Ukraine or other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, committed under conditions of war or a state of emergency\" amendments were made to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine, which entered into force on March 27, 2022. ​Thus, Chapter I of the Special Part \"Crimes against the Basics of National Security of Ukraine\" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was supplemented by Article 114-2. The objective and subjective signs of the crime provided for in Art. 114-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It was concluded that the criminalization of the considered crime corresponds to the authority of the state to recognize as socially dangerous and criminally punishable an act committed under martial law, and to provide for criminal liability for it.","PeriodicalId":490087,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Національного університету \"Львівська політехніка\"","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}