{"title":"Task-Specific Training in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mariana Rodrigues Costa, Lidiane Francisca Borges Ferreira, Amanda Cristina Fernandes, Deisiane Oliveira Souto, Hércules Ribeiro Leite, Ricardo Rodrigues de Sousa Junior","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0000000000001317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review examines the efficacy of task-specific training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Summary of key findings: </strong>A search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in relevant databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk-of-bias tool scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses. Four studies were included. Task-specific training improved gross motor skills and body functions such as agility, coordination, strength, and balance in children with ASD. However, the level of evidence remains very low to low due to small sample sizes and methodological limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although task-specific training may benefit children with ASD, the evidence base is weak. Further high-quality studies are needed to replicate these findings and determine the optimal dosage.</p><p><strong>Recommendations for practice: </strong>Clinicians should use task-specific training cautiously due to its level of evidence. Future research should prioritize well-designed randomized controlled trial with larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen N Sutter, Ashley N Collimore-Doherty, Erin Wilkerson, Nicole Baumer, Jana M Iverson
{"title":"Developmental Trajectories of Locomotor Skills in Infants With Down Syndrome.","authors":"Ellen N Sutter, Ashley N Collimore-Doherty, Erin Wilkerson, Nicole Baumer, Jana M Iverson","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001302","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Independent locomotion has cascading impacts on overall infant development. Although infants with Down syndrome (DS) attain locomotor milestones later, it is unknown how they use emerging skills (e.g., creeping and walking) in everyday play.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal observational study used behavioral coding to investigate locomotion quantity and type during play in infants with DS (n = 13), and changes with the acquisition of new motor skills. The amount of time locomoting was compared with 25 typically developing infants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants with DS spent less time locomoting than typically developing infants, and their locomotion time changed less with age and motor skill level. Infants with DS also continued to rely on floor mobility skills even after attaining upright locomotor skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detailed behavioral coding identified differences in real-world locomotion used by infants with DS with potential implications for motor skill learning and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"348-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angélica Cristina Sousa Fonseca Romeros, Deisiane Oliveira Souto, Elton Duarte Dantas Magalhães, Maria Eduarda de Araújo Almeida Muniz, Letícia Vicente Menigatti, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Kennea Martins Almeida Ayupe, Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas, Hércules Ribeiro Leite
{"title":"Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Angélica Cristina Sousa Fonseca Romeros, Deisiane Oliveira Souto, Elton Duarte Dantas Magalhães, Maria Eduarda de Araújo Almeida Muniz, Letícia Vicente Menigatti, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Kennea Martins Almeida Ayupe, Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas, Hércules Ribeiro Leite","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001303","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to (1) assess physical activity (PA) levels, sedentary behavior (SB), and PA endurance in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP); (2) determine if the participants met World Health Organization PA and screen time recommendations; (3) identify differences across age groups and functional levels; and (4) identify predictors of PA, SB, and PA endurance in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 456 Brazilian children and adolescents with CP, across all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. Questionnaires were used to evaluate PA levels, SB, and PA endurance. Participants were categorized by mobility (ambulant and nonambulant) and age (0-4, 5-12, and 13-18 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A majority, 60% of children ages 0-4 years and 66% of those ages 5-12 years met PA recommendations, but a majority in ages 13-18 years did not. Ambulant participants had higher PA levels and lower SB compared with nonambulant participants ( P < .05). PA endurance scores were 2.7 for 0-4 years, 3.0 for 5-12 years, and 2.5 for 13-18 years. Nonambulant participants had lower PA endurance. Age and mobility predicted PA, SB, and PA endurance; sex was significant for PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children and adolescents with CP partially met World Health Organization recommendations. Mobility and age are crucial for promoting PA, and public policies are needed that create accessible environments and raise awareness about PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Bowers, Emily Gaylord, Jonathan Lee-Confer, Cheryl I Kerfeld
{"title":"Special Education Teachers' Perspectives on Collaboration with School-Based Physical Therapists.","authors":"Stephanie Bowers, Emily Gaylord, Jonathan Lee-Confer, Cheryl I Kerfeld","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0000000000001308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study explored special education teachers' (SETs) perceptions of collaboration with school-based physical therapists (SBPTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SETs who taught in the school year 2021 to 2022 completed a survey on participation in and perceived benefit of 7 collaborative activities with SBPTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 238 SETs, 131 collaborated with SBPTs. Instructional and planning activities occurred at similar rates and were both perceived as beneficial. 80.9% of SETs who collaborated with SBPTs reported greater confidence supporting student participation. While SET-SBPT collaboration occurred more often when the SET was a case manager for students with physical therapy (PT) services (89.3%), it also occurred when the SET had no students with PT services (18.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SETs find instructional and planning collaboration with SBPTs beneficial and, importantly, are more confident, increasing participation for students when they collaborate with SBPTs. Enhancing engagement in instructional and planning activities may improve teacher confidence and student participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":"38 3","pages":"389-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deisiane Oliveira Souto, Jean Bendito Felix, Mylena Francielle Ribeiro Lima, Alisson Firmino Felix, Ricardo Rodrigues de Sousa Junior, Lidiane F Borges Ferreira, Olaf Kraus de Camargo, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Egmar Longo, Hércules Ribeiro Leite
{"title":"Study Protocol: Analysis of Participation Patterns and Predictors for Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder-Participa TEA.","authors":"Deisiane Oliveira Souto, Jean Bendito Felix, Mylena Francielle Ribeiro Lima, Alisson Firmino Felix, Ricardo Rodrigues de Sousa Junior, Lidiane F Borges Ferreira, Olaf Kraus de Camargo, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Egmar Longo, Hércules Ribeiro Leite","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001306","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate participation levels, predictors, and environmental factors that influence the participation of Brazilian children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in recreational and community activities. It also explores barriers, facilitators, and family strategies to promote participation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study will include 500 children and adolescents with ASD from Brazil's five regions. Using a Patient and Public Involvement approach, families collaborate in research decisions. Data will be collected through validated instruments: Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, Preferences for Activities of Children, Participation and Environment Measure-Children and Youth, and the mobility domain of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test. A multimode data collection approach, combining online and in-person data collection, will be applied. Analyses will include descriptive statistics and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study will describe participation patterns, preferences, barriers, facilitators, and predictors such as mobility and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results will provide evidence to inform public policies and develop culturally relevant interventions that enhance participation, inclusion, and quality of life for Brazilian children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"396-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominique Enyama, Ibrahim Npochinto Moumeni, Emmanuel Soh Fongang, Maurice Douryang, Faustin Tsatedem Atemkeng, Diomede Noukeu Njinkui, Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi
{"title":"Early Access and Adherence to Physiotherapy in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Hospital-Based Study in Cameroon.","authors":"Dominique Enyama, Ibrahim Npochinto Moumeni, Emmanuel Soh Fongang, Maurice Douryang, Faustin Tsatedem Atemkeng, Diomede Noukeu Njinkui, Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001307","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine factors related to early access and adherence to physiotherapy services among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional mixed retrospective and prospective study was conducted in Douala, Cameroon. Children aged 3 to 60 months diagnosed with CP from a tertiary referral center were included. Data were collected through structured caregiver interviews and medical record reviews. Early access was defined as initiating physiotherapy before 5 months of age, and good adherence was defined as completing ≥50% of prescribed sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 94 children, 36 (38.3%) accessed physiotherapy early, and 36 (38.3%) showed good adherence. Factors significantly linked to early access included CP subtype, neonatal jaundice, and having more than 7 risk factors. Poor adherence was significantly associated with parental discouragement due to lack of improvement and canceled appointments due to the physiotherapist's unavailability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early physiotherapy access and adherence remain inadequate in this Cameroonian setting, with clinical severity prompting earlier referrals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dayna Pool, Iona Novak, Stacey Dusing, Sandra Willett, Regina Harbourne, Catherine Morgan, Dianne Damiano, Roslyn Boyd, Leanne Sakzewski, Álvaro Hidalgo-Robles, Roslyn Livingstone, Sai Iyer, Joline Brandenburg
{"title":"Letter of Response to Clarifying the Scientific Basis and Clinical Relevance of Dynamic Movement Intervention Therapy.","authors":"Dayna Pool, Iona Novak, Stacey Dusing, Sandra Willett, Regina Harbourne, Catherine Morgan, Dianne Damiano, Roslyn Boyd, Leanne Sakzewski, Álvaro Hidalgo-Robles, Roslyn Livingstone, Sai Iyer, Joline Brandenburg","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001310","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":"38 3","pages":"403-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reference Values for Standing Balance in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hsiu-Ching Chiu, Louise Ada, Theofani Bania","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001305","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish reference values for standing balance in typically developing children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 primary schools and 8 preschools, including 2,261 children aged 3 to 12 years old. Static (One-Legged Stance Test) and dynamic (Step Test) standing balance were measured for both legs. Stepwise regression examined the predictive roles of age, sex, weight, and height.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-Legged Stance Test increased from a mean of 9 seconds (standard deviation [SD] 6) for 3-year-olds to 30 seconds (SD 0) for 12-year-olds. Step Test increased from a mean of 0.8 steps/s (SD 0.1) for 3-year-olds to 1.4 steps/s (SD 0.2) for 12-year-olds. Predictors explained 44% of the variance in the One-Legged Stance Test (age 41%) and 59% in the Step Test (age 57%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age was the strongest predictor of standing balance. Most children by 7 years old already perform similarly to adults in both static and dynamic standing balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"374-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethany Sloane, Britta Gurgel, Nancy Durben, Kelsey Smith, David Oleson
{"title":"Assessment of Motor Proficiency in People With Bleeding Disorders Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2™).","authors":"Bethany Sloane, Britta Gurgel, Nancy Durben, Kelsey Smith, David Oleson","doi":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001301","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PEP.0000000000001301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Research on gross motor proficiency (GMP) in people with hemophilia is inconsistent, limiting treatment and wellness recommendations. This exploratory study used a norm-referenced assessment to measure GMP and explore relationships with hemophilia-specific parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Investigators collected demographic data, hemophilia type, severity, current management, and history of target joint(s) on 45 males with hemophilia, aged 4 to 21. Measurements included range of motion and subtests from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2), which were compared with age- and sex-matched normative data using scale and standard scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort scored at normative values or higher for BOT-2 subtests. Odds of scoring below average were increased in participants with obesity or target joints. No statistical associations were found between hemophilia type, severity, or current management and GMP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A diagnosis of hemophilia did not affect GMP, though patients with elevated body mass index or a target joint may be at greater risk of impaired motor proficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":49006,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Physical Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}