Weather Climate and Society最新文献_第8页

Coastal Erosion Risk: Population Adaptation to Climate Change A Case Study of the Pays de la Loire Coastline. 海岸侵蚀风险:人口对气候变化的适应——以卢瓦尔海岸为例。

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0011.1

C. Chadenas, M. Chotard, O. Navarro, R. Kerguillec, M. Robin, M. Juigner

{"title":"Coastal Erosion Risk: Population Adaptation to Climate Change A Case Study of the Pays de la Loire Coastline.","authors":"C. Chadenas, M. Chotard, O. Navarro, R. Kerguillec, M. Robin, M. Juigner","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0011.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0011.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Studying the population's perception of coastal erosion is essential and is increasingly used by coastal administrators, especially because it strongly influences the acceptance of coastal adaptation strategies. This article explores the population’s perception of coastal risk on the atlantic coast of France (pays de la Loire region) that is an at-risk territory historically affected by erosion and particularly sensitive to coastal flooding. The major goal of the paper is to collect data in terms of risk perception by carrying out a field survey on three territorial collectivities, with the aim to enhance the feasibility of the managed retreat operations that will be implemented on this coast in the next years. A total of 700 surveys were collected and several original results can be drawn: the population has a good knowledge of erosion in the area where they live and this knowledge is key as the territory is vulnerable. Similarly, the respondents have a good knowledge of protection measures but some are more important than others: for example, the reinforcement of coastal defenses is the most commonly cited strategy to deal with coastal hazards while relocation is the second most known but least popular scenario. Finally, several factors influence people's perception of risk: for example, time spent in the residence and age of residents are two elements contributing to place attachment which must be taken into account before starting to implement any climate adaptation policies.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43330389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme Wildfire Environments and Their Impacts Occurring with Offshore-Directed Winds across the Pacific Coast States 极端野火环境及其对太平洋沿岸各州海上导向风的影响

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0043.1

J. Garner, Carly E. Kovacik

{"title":"Extreme Wildfire Environments and Their Impacts Occurring with Offshore-Directed Winds across the Pacific Coast States","authors":"J. Garner, Carly E. Kovacik","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0043.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0043.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Wildfires that posed an immediate threat to life and property during the period 1933–2021 were examined across the Pacific Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Such fires were identified in local, state, and federal data archives and other sources which yielded 150 events for analysis. A subset of those fires were sorted into one of two synoptic-scale patterns associated with a fall season offshore-directed and summer season non-offshore-directed low-level flow regime. Proximity analysis soundings near the offshore wind-driven wildfires frequently displayed ingredients that supported gap and mountain wave development, which were responsible for generating fast moving wildfires, long-distance spotting, and firebrand showers that resulted in loss of life and property. Paradoxically, the most extreme combinations of strong winds and low relative humidity were observed near high population centers in Southern California, yet the most destructive and deadly fires were in less populated regions of Northern California and Western Oregon. Additional analysis of 40 Fire Behavior Fuel Models data, housing development in the wildland-urban interface, and U.S. census demographic information revealed that the Northern California and Western Oregon wildfires were associated with more devastating outcomes because 1) a higher ratio of communities were intermixed with flammable fuels, 2) fire ignitions of an electrical origin occurred in wind prone corridors that were upstream from communities, and 3) communities in Northern California and Western Oregon were composed of a greater percentage of socially vulnerable people such as the elderly who were less capable of perceiving and evading intense rapidly evolving wildfires.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42879755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Droughts on Farms’ Financing Choices: Empirical Evidence from New Zealand 干旱对农场融资选择的影响:来自新西兰的经验证据

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-21-0193.1

S. Kamal, Ilan Noy

引用次数: 0

Framing the Problem of Flood Risk and Flood Management in Metropolitan Los Angeles 构建洛杉矶大都会的洪水风险和洪水管理问题

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0013.1

N. Ulibarri, Claudia Valencia-Uribe, B. Sanders, J. Schubert, R. Matthew, F. Forman, M. Allaire, David Brady

{"title":"Framing the Problem of Flood Risk and Flood Management in Metropolitan Los Angeles","authors":"N. Ulibarri, Claudia Valencia-Uribe, B. Sanders, J. Schubert, R. Matthew, F. Forman, M. Allaire, David Brady","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0013.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper develops the concept of flood problem framing to understand decision-makers’ priorities in flood risk management in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Region, California. Problem frames shape an individual’s preferences for particular management strategies and their future behaviors. While flooding is a complex, multifaceted problem, with multiple causes and multiple impacts, a decision-maker is most likely to manage only those dimensions of flooding about which they are aware or concerned. To evaluate flood decision-makers’ primary concerns related to flood exposure, vulnerability, and management in the LA Metro, we draw on focus groups with flood control districts, city planners, nonprofit organizations, and other flood-related decision makers. We identify numerous concerns, including concerns about specific types of floods (e.g., fluvial versus pluvial) and impacts to diverse infrastructure and communities. Our analyses demonstrate that flood concerns aggregate into three problem frames: one concerned with large fluvial floods exacerbated by climate change and their housing, economic, and infrastructure impacts; one concerned with pluvial nuisance flooding, pollution, and historic underinvestment in communities; and one concerned with coastal and fluvial flooding’s ecosystem impacts. While each individual typically articulated concerns that overlapped with only one problem frame, each problem frame was discussed by numerous organization types, suggesting low barriers to cross-organizational coordination in flood planning and response. This paper also advances our understanding of flood risk perception in a region that does not face frequent large floods.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46580359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guiding Environmental Messaging by Quantifying the Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Public Discourse Surrounding Anthropogenic Climate Change 通过量化极端天气事件对围绕人为气候变化的公共话语的影响来引导环境信息

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0053.1

Andrew Noviello, Sameer Menghani, Shaan Choudhri, Ian Lee, B. Mohanraj, Alexander Noviello

{"title":"Guiding Environmental Messaging by Quantifying the Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Public Discourse Surrounding Anthropogenic Climate Change","authors":"Andrew Noviello, Sameer Menghani, Shaan Choudhri, Ian Lee, B. Mohanraj, Alexander Noviello","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0053.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0053.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anthropogenic climate change promises to bring existential changes to human society in the coming years. One such example of these changes is the increasing frequency of extreme weather, capable of causing significant damage. Despite this, many Americans are acutely unaware of the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events, perhaps due to a lack of direct messaging about it. This study analyzed the effects of natural disasters on climate change discussion sentiment and volume through news media and Twitter posts. The study hypothesized that specific major natural disasters would lead to increases in the number of climate-change-related Twitter posts and news articles, as well as more positive climate sentiment, indicative of belief in the severity of global warming. Through an analysis of almost 35 million climate-change-related tweets and 300,000+ news articles, along with the collection of over 130 million natural-disaster-related tweets published in the United States between 2010 and 2020, media volume rose an average of 10% around specific extreme weather events, corroborating the first aspect of the hypothesis. The ratio of positive to negative sentiment tweets, however, decreased, suggesting the tendency of extreme weather to elicit more response from climate change deniers than supporters. Thus, increased climate change discussion around major natural disasters represents a missed opportunity for continuing to drive forward climate change messaging and awareness in the United States.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46214468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Intended Response to Tornado Watches among Tennessee Residents 田纳西州居民对龙卷风预警的预期反应

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0066.1

D. Burow, Kelsey N. Ellis, Jennifer M. First

{"title":"Intended Response to Tornado Watches among Tennessee Residents","authors":"D. Burow, Kelsey N. Ellis, Jennifer M. First","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0066.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0066.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Tornado watches are issued by the National Weather Service when conditions are favorable for tornado formation. An individual’s response to a tornado watch may affect their ability to seek shelter before a tornado strikes. Here, survey data of Tennessee residents were used to determine common patterns in intended responses to two tornado watch scenarios: one during daytime, and the other at nighttime. Three common patterns were identified for a daytime watch: doing nothing; seeking information using technology; or seeking shelter and praying for safety. The two patterns for a nighttime watch were either to do nothing or to react actively, by seeking further information, shelter, and contacting friends and family. Logistic regressions indicated younger participants, those with prior tornado experience, and those who understood a tornado watch were less likely to intend to seek shelter and pray for safety during the daytime. Older participants and those without strong self-efficacy beliefs were less likely to use technology to find further information. For the nighttime scenario, participants living in East Tennessee and those who believed that bodies of water provide protection from tornadoes were more likely to respond actively, while wealthier participants and those living in single- or multi-family houses were less likely to respond actively. These results show that intended watch response is influenced by many factors, including age, income, self-efficacy beliefs, as well as knowledge of and experience with tornadoes. Additionally, those who do not understand the meaning of a tornado watch may be more likely to seek shelter prematurely.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44483545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does climate change constitute a financial risk to Foreign Direct Investment? An empirical analysis on 200 countries from 1970 to 2020. 气候变化是否对外国直接投资构成金融风险?1970 - 2020年200个国家的实证分析。

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0027.1

Jihad Ait Soussane, D. Mansouri, Mohamed Yassine Fakhouri, Z. Mansouri

{"title":"Does climate change constitute a financial risk to Foreign Direct Investment? An empirical analysis on 200 countries from 1970 to 2020.","authors":"Jihad Ait Soussane, D. Mansouri, Mohamed Yassine Fakhouri, Z. Mansouri","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0027.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0027.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present paper aims to study the role of climate change as a financial risk for foreign investors. Multinational enterprises (MNE) seek to internationalize where financial risk is at the minimum level, including the climate change risk on profitability and productivity. Thereby, we conducted an empirical analysis of the effect of climate change on inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) net inflows using data from 200 countries and times series from 1970 to 2020 and employing two categories of climate change indicators: Climatology and climate-related natural hazards. Using the estimation methods of FMOLS and RWLS, we concluded that the rise of climatology indicators (mean annual temperature and precipitations) negatively impacts inward FDI. Secondly, we conclude that most climate-related natural hazards (coastal/rural/urban floods, landslides, and cyclones) deter FDI while extreme heat and wildfires show no significant effect. In addition, the results show that the negative impact of climate change is more severe when the host economy depends on agricultural activities and there is no significant investment in Research & Development compared to countries depending on service and manufacturing activities and are more innovative and invest in technology infrastructure. Furthermore, we conclude that poorer host countries experience more severe effects of climate change on FDI than rich countries in terms of GDP per capita.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the context of Economic Change Scenarios 经济变化情景下的山洪风险评估

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-21-0141.1

Liutong Chen, Qian Li, Yingjun Xu

{"title":"Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the context of Economic Change Scenarios","authors":"Liutong Chen, Qian Li, Yingjun Xu","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-21-0141.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0141.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Flash flood disasters pose a constant threat to socioeconomic factors in southeastern China. This study analyzes the risk change of flash floods in the Yantanxi River Basin, southeastern China, under five economic scenarios (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP4 and SSP5). We built a regional flash flood hazard assessment model by combining hydrological and hydrodynamic models with field work. Asset value was used to represent regional exposure, which was spatialized using data from industrial structure and land use. Flash flood risk assessment influenced by economic change was developed using different industry responses to flash floods. The results clarify how economic factors drive flash flood risk changes. The return period of the 2019 flash flood in the Yantanxi River Basin is 150-year. In 2019, flash floods affected 5.04% of the river basin; the inundation depth was concentrated at under 2.00 m, resulting in CNY 0.55 billion in economic damage. With economic change, the flash flood risk increases by 91.34% (SSP2- current economic development level) and 94.39% (SSP5-extreme economic development level). This study emphasizes the balance between economic development and disaster management at the river basin scale; additionally, our method provides a reference for risk assessment in flash-flood prone areas lacking statistical information.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Information-Theoretic Approach to Reconciling Historical Climate Observations and Impacts on Agriculture 调和历史气候观测及其对农业影响的信息理论方法

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0019.1

Max Mauerman, Emily Black, V. Boult, R. Diro, D. Osgood, H. Greatrex, Thabbie Chillongo

{"title":"An Information-Theoretic Approach to Reconciling Historical Climate Observations and Impacts on Agriculture","authors":"Max Mauerman, Emily Black, V. Boult, R. Diro, D. Osgood, H. Greatrex, Thabbie Chillongo","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0019.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Decision-makers in climate risk management often face problems of how to reconcile diverse and conflicting sources of information about weather and its impact on human activity, such as when they are determining a quantitative threshold for when to act on satellite data. For this class of problems, it is important to quantitatively assess how severe a year was relative to other years, accounting for both the level of uncertainty among weather indicators and those indicators’ relationship to humanitarian consequences. We frame this assessment as the task of constructing a probability distribution for the relative severity of each year, incorporating both observational data – such as satellite measurements – and prior information on human impact – such as farmers’ reports – the latter of which may be incompletely measured or partially ordered. We present a simple, extensible statistical method to fit a probability distribution of relative severity to any ordinal data, using the principle of maximum entropy. We demonstrate the utility of the method through application to a weather index insurance project in Malawi, in which the model allows us to quantify the likelihood that satellites would correctly identify damaging drought events as reported by farmers, while accounting for uncertainty both within a set of commonly used satellite indicators and between those indicators and farmers’ ranking of the worst drought years. This approach has immediate utility in the design of weather-index insurance schemes and forecast-based action programs, such as assessing their degree of basis risk or determining the probable needs for post-season food assistance.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43524330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate Change and Homicide: Global Analysis of the Moderating Role of Information and Communication Technology 气候变化与杀人:信息和通信技术调节作用的全球分析

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-22-0001.1

Jiuchang Wei, Qianwen Shao, Yang Liu, D. Marinova

{"title":"Climate Change and Homicide: Global Analysis of the Moderating Role of Information and Communication Technology","authors":"Jiuchang Wei, Qianwen Shao, Yang Liu, D. Marinova","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0001.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0001.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The link between climate change and human conflict has received substantial attention in academic research using different measures of “conflict”; however, it is yet to interpret interpersonal violence in terms of homicide. This study takes a global perspective to investigate how climate change, typically represented by temperature and precipitation, directly and indirectly affects national homicide rates across countries. From longitudinal archival data from 171 countries from 2000 to 2018, we detect a direct and positive relationship between higher temperatures and homicide, whereas an indirect pathway between wetter climate and homicide through the occurrence of more natural hazards has also been shown in our empirical results. The relationship between climate change and homicide can be moderated by the level of information and communication technologies (ICT). We conclude that the development of ICT contributes to building the countries’ resilience to climate change with better information and communication technologies to help alleviate the negative impacts of climate change on homicide.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48226711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1