Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"HEURISTIC APPROACHES IN SOLVING ENGINEERING PROBLEMS BY FUTURE TECHNOLOGISTS AND DESIGNERS","authors":"I.D. Belonovskaya, S.D. Petrova, V.V. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-71","url":null,"abstract":"The modern stage of development of mechanical engineering is characterized by the need for highly qualified specialists who are ready for a quick change of production conditions. The problems of preparing machine builders for the dynamics of the world of work determine the search for new means of developing their heuristic professionally-oriented competencies. In the prevailing socio-political and economic conditions, characteristic directions of rapid transformations of production conditions are determined, such as changes in the product range, product release programs, equipment and tooling. Heuristic strategies determine options for various promising solutions, significantly reduce the duration of the search for optimal versions. Diagnostics of the readiness of future machine builders to solve problems using heuristics revealed significant problems associated with the predominance of a low level of development of technical thinking (up to 57% of respondents) and insufficient motivation (up to 82%) to use heuristic approaches in future professional activity. Experimental work in groups of future machine builders proved that the integrated introduction of command forms into the educational process of training machine builders, the development of heuristic techniques for solving production tasks allows to intensify the process of preparation for changes in production conditions. The frequency of using heuristic techniques increased by 47.3%, the number of students with increased (from 31.3% to 45.7%) or high (from 5.2% to 12.7%) levels of such skills increased, manifestations of a high level of general skills of using heuristic techniques in technical tasks of future professional activity increased (an increase of 7.1%).","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135956252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ETHICAL ASPECTS","authors":"M.V. Fomina, S.V. Maslovskaya, E.A. Mikhailova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-51","url":null,"abstract":"The debatability of the problem of ethics of media communication of the academic community, in the framework of the implementation of the distance format of online learning, is beyond doubt. In the course of the study, the vast majority (95.7 %) of respondents agree with the need to comply with ethical standards when using a remote format of communication. When asked if there are differences in the ethics of online and offline communication, 59.6 % of respondents answered that communication in networks has its own characteristics, which distinguishes it from communication in the external, “textured” world, 29.7 % did not find any differences and 10.7 % could not unambiguously answer the question. Of particular interest are the problems of corporate ethics of network communities. Studies have shown that 8 (8.5 %) respondents do not exclude anonymous communication on the network and 65.9 % of respondents published information under an assumed name. Along with this, 65 (69.1 %) respondents are aware of the legal responsibility in the virtual space, which indicates the Internet literacy of active users. It is known that the ethics of communication involves respect for the rights of other people. The study showed that the majority — 84 respondents (89.4 %) were in favor of respecting copyright, but only 50 (53.2 %) support privacy. The extremely negative aspects of remote communication should not be overlooked. As the survey showed, 32 (34.0 %) respondents encountered obscene language and obscene content on the network, as well as insults and slander against themselves (in 15.9 % and 17.0% of cases, respectively). Thus, the information environment is increasingly turning into a complex of objectively acting factors that determine the moral and ethical development of the individual.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL READINESS OF MASTER’S STUDENTS TO WORK WITH GIFTED CHILDREN","authors":"O.G. Tavstukha, E.V. Miheeva, A.N. Moiseeva","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-80","url":null,"abstract":"A qualitative leap in the development of new technologies has led to the need of society for people who are able both to solve new problems in an unconventional way and to bring new content to all spheres of life. Therefore, today an important direction in state policy in the field of education is connected with the development and support of children with increased educational needs and abilities, which constitutes the potential of the country. To identify such children at the earliest stage, to promote the development of their talents is the task of modern education. The primary role in this process is played by teachers working with children. It depends on them whether the child will be able to develop his/her abilities or not. In modern psychological and pedagogical research works, it is noted that only a teacher with general and special knowledge, certain personal qualities of character can work effectively with such a category of students as gifted children. All this demanded the timely and qualitative preparation of students of correspondence courses to work with gifted children in educational institutions. Readiness to work with gifted children is directly related to the readiness of teachers to implement the educational process in accordance with the requirements of modern state educational policy, taking into account the needs, capabilities, desires and abilities of students, to develop and implement program and methodological documentation, to carry out scientific and methodological work and dissemination of advanced pedagogical experience, to the development and implementation of pedagogical innovations in the educational process. The purpose of our experimental work was connected with the practical implementation of the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of professional readiness of students of correspondence courses (teachers of additional education) to work with gifted children.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-DETERMINATION AS THE BASIS OF THE FUTURE TEACHER PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS CULTURE","authors":"G.I. Egorova, M.V. Osin","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-78","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of modern realities, the profession of a teacher is characterized by high emotional costs, high responsibility for the effectiveness of subject-subject relations, the quality and responsibility of educational results. Performing professional tasks, the teacher most often does not think about his culture of professional success, its role in life, career. This key problem must be addressed purposefully and continuously in higher education. A program has been developed to activate the process of developing a culture of professional success for a future teacher, implemented for pedagogical areas. The theoretical part of the program introduces students to the concept of “culture of professional success” as a systemic concept, taking into account two significant phenomena. The phenomenon of “culture” is the basic personal basis in which the result of upbringing and education of students is concentrated, manifested in the harmony of the physical, mental, spiritual, moral development of each student. The concept of “professional success” is an important supra-professional (meta) quality that orients the subject to a high level of professional self-determination, striving for professional growth. The practical part of the program is based on the development of competencies aimed at self-determination and a culture of professional success. The experimental work showed a high level of readiness of the future teacher to develop a culture of professional success at the university, in the network interaction “mentor — student employer” under a number of conditions: creation of a holistic cultural and educational environment of the environment of success; taking into account the dialectic of the relationship between self-determination and the culture of professional success; development of a system of theoretical and practical knowledge; study of indicators of the culture of professional success; acquaintance with the issues of intensification of pedagogical work, a comprehensive assessment of the professional and functional state — as one of the components of the culture of professional success and self-determination.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135956251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCIES AMONG STUDENTS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “BEST ASSET” PROGRAM","authors":"A.P. Flyantsraih","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of changing trends in the development of Russian society, the information war for the “minds” of young people, the problem of education and prevention plays an important role at the state level. The recent tragic events in our country associated with the manifestations of “schoolshutting” and “collumbine” prove the relevance of the problem of preventive education of young people. Today, such pedagogical categories as “education” and “prevention” should be considered in a single interconnected university environment, due to the increase in negative manifestations among young people. We believe that the mission of the university today is the formation of a safe educational and preventive environment, which will be aimed not only at the safety of students, but also at comprehensive, harmonious and professional development. For the organization of this environment, we offer a special pedagogical impact — the “Best Asset” program, which contributes to the formation of this environment and is a kind of tool for the assimilation of universal competencies among students. Since modern education in Russia is built on a competence-based approach, the essence of which is to acquire the necessary key competencies that satisfy the labor market. We believe that the “Best Asset” program as a means of organizing the educational and preventive environment of the university should meet modern realities and form universal competencies among students, which are so necessary for employers. The article discusses the formation of universal competencies among students through the implementation of the “Best Asset” program at the university.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEDAGOGICAL MODELING AND EVALUATION OF THE FUTURE CIVIL SERVANT SOCIO-LEGAL POSITION FORMATION EFFECTIVENESS","authors":"M.A. Drobot","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-56","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling the process of forming the socio-legal position of a future civil servant allows us to present the process taking into account its essential characteristics and possible risks. The logic of formation is represented by a process model consisting of target, methodological, socio-legal, content-technological and performance-diagnostic blocks. The target block of the process model highlights the leading direction of activity: to form the socio-legal position of the future civil servant. The methodological basis is the activity approach and its complementary principles of socio-legal orientation, resourcefulness, team design and visualization. In the socio-legal block, based on the norms of law and the content of the Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of training 38.03.04 State and Municipal Administration, the value, knowledge and behavioral dominants of the socio-legal position of the future civil servant are highlighted. The content and technology block represents the interaction of the subjects of the “teacher — future civil servant — regional employer” process at the stages of the work of the “Premier Project” Factory organized at the university. The effective diagnostic unit determines the correspondence of the components (value, knowledge, behavioral), criteria (axiological, epistemological, praxiological) and indicators (awareness, validity, stability) to the formation of the socio-legal position of the future civil servant. The result of the process model is the formed socio-legal position of the future civil servant. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the modeled process was carried out when the model was introduced into the educational practice of the university. The conducted diagnostics of the formation of the socio-legal position of the future civil servant revealed in the ascertaining experiment the predominance of low and medium levels of formation of the socio-legal position of the future civil servant in the educational community; in the forming experiment, an increase in the proportion of students who have a high level of formation of this quality.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON UNIFICATION OF MULTIPLE, CURVILINEAR AND SURFACE INTEGRALS PRESENTATION IN ENGINEERING DIRECTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES","authors":"S.A. Gerasimenko, A.N. Pavlenko","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-36","url":null,"abstract":"In modern world, the up-to-date trends in reforming of higher education lead to a significant reduction of classroom activities in the educational process, which extremely negatively affects the study of disciplines of the mathematical cycle due to their abstractness and often complexity of material presentation. Thus, there is a necessity to increase the efficiency of contact work and to widen the role of unsupervised work of students. This problem is especially evident in the study of the topic “Integral calculus for functions of several variables” in the engineering directions of undergraduate studies. One of the factors that contribute to increasing the efficiency of contact and unsupervised work is the unification of the educational material presentation related to this topic. In this article, we suggest a new approach to the study of multiple, curvilinear and surface integrals in the engineering directions of undergraduate studies, which include a unified parallel consideration of these integrals when using: 1) a preliminary revision of the topic “Defined integral” and the study of new material on this basis, 2) interdisciplinary connections, 3) information technologies. It is advisable to use appropriate methodical support to improve the effectiveness of this approach. As the latter, it is appropriate to use tutorials, problem books and individual tasks, posters and 3d models, interactive guidelines integrated with applications, written in high-level languages, generators of typical tasks, etc.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INNOVATIONS IN THE SYSTEMS OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION AT THE PRESENT TIME","authors":"O.V. Toporkova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-106","url":null,"abstract":"The study of innovations in the systems of higher technical education of the leading countries of the world in the first decades of the 21st century is due to the possibilities of applying the valuable achievements of foreign pedagogical science and practice in solving urgent problems of domestic higher technical education, searching for ways to improve the quality of training of future engineers in our country. In the course of a theoretical study of the work of national and international accreditation agencies, professional engineering communities and associations to improve the quality of engineering education, it was found that graduates of accredited educational programs of engineering and technical bachelor’s degrees are fully prepared for integrated engineering activities, and master’s degree graduates — for innovative engineering activities. . The main approaches to the organization of education at a higher technical school abroad at the present stage are: traditional education based on a strict disciplinary curriculum, project-based learning, problem-based learning, and learning based on an integrated curriculum used in the CDIO approach, which has become widespread in the practice of higher education. technical school abroad in the first decades of the XXI century. There are features of the CDIO approach to reforming and designing engineering educational programs, innovations in the content of modern educational programs of higher technical education are presented, innovative technologies used in the practice of foreign higher technical schools are analyzed, and the main trends in the development of higher technical education at the present stage are presented.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF FUTURE PEDIATRICIANS BY MEANS OF INTELLECTUAL GAMES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"A.N. Ryblova, D.A. Khristoforova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-64","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays there is an increasing demand in society for specialists functioning at a high intellectual level, capable of producing new intellectual results not only in their native language, but also in foreign languages. This is especially important in the profession of a pediatrician, as the pediatrician is required to be ready for positive verbal interaction with the child. He or she must be able to establish contacts with his or her parents, as well as be able to consciously and independently choose means of treatment depending on the diagnosis of the patient. The article presents an analysis of the concepts of “abilities”, “intellectual abilities”, and a classification of their types. The authors present a series of intellectual games in a foreign language. The authors define the key concept of “intellectual ability” as a kind of individual’s abilities to create unique mental results of his cognitive actions and mental operations and apply them in various situations of professional communication in different languages. Special attention should be paid to the development of intellectual abilities in Russian universities, including foreign languages classes. It is necessary to activate the cognitive processes of students-pediatricians, to stimulate their thinking. To achieve this goal, the teacher is offered to create various problem-based situations and to present the students with problem-based tasks. The authors conclude that the use of intellectual games in foreign languages can significantly enhance the development of intellectual abilities of future pediatricians. The authors also propose criteria for diagnosing the intellectual abilities of future pediatricians in a medical university within the framework of a series of intellectual games.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}