Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"PRACTICE-ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMANITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AT THE UNIVERSITY","authors":"O.G. Tavstukha, E.G. Matvievskaya, E.A. Ganaeva","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-101","url":null,"abstract":"Modern realities of educational practice indicate the need to intensify practice-oriented training of specialists. The connection between theory and practice ensures purposeful and productive educational activities of higher educational institutions by deepening the focus of educational programs on practical training. The value of a practice-oriented approach is also growing in connection with the requirements of state policy in the aspect of federal state educational standards, the content of which is aimed at high-quality training of a competent specialist with professional and personal qualities that are in demand on the labor market. In pedagogical science, conceptual ideas about the practice-oriented approach, principles, and methods of its implementation are substantiated. However, today the problem of training specialists in the humanities is quite acute, the educational process of which is more focused on theorized learning. In this regard, there is a need to expand the boundaries of applicability of the practice-oriented approach in the implementation of educational programs in the humanities.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PHENOMENON OF EARLY CAREER GUIDANCE OF STUDENTS","authors":"A.A. Muratova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-88","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of early career guidance of students in modern conditions is a well-established pedagogical category, reflected in regulatory documents: the passport of the federal project “Success of every Child” [10], the federal educational program of preschool education [7]. The importance of preschool age in the professional formation of a personality is justified in studies reflecting the periodization of age-related development of a person as a subject of labor. Early career guidance of preschoolers is based on such features of this age as: the leading type of activity (play), the developing effect of immersing the child in various activities, cognitive needs in relation to events and phenomena of the surrounding world, the manifestation of the ability to imagine, the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships. The phenomenon under study at preschool age is unstable, which is based on the dependence of professional preferences on the impressions received by the child and on fantasies generated by events and phenomena of the surrounding world. The leading content lines of early career guidance for preschoolers are: acquaintance with the world of professions, the formation of the image of a hard worker. The preschool child’s family has a significant impact on early career guidance, which determines the need to develop cooperation with parents as equal participants in the educational process. The condition for the effectiveness of the process of early career guidance of students is the teacher’s readiness to conduct career guidance work. At preschool age, it is permissible to use psychodiagnostic methods for developing a child’s interest and attention to their own qualities associated with the world of professions. Early career guidance of preschoolers is of an activity nature, which determines the appropriate pedagogical means: play activities, project activities, research activities, communication activities, modeling, reading fiction and cognitive literature, observing the professional work of adults, excursions.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135956246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS USING INFORMATION AND END-TO-END TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"L.B. Usova, D.U. Shakirova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-86","url":null,"abstract":"Digital transformation affects all aspects of educational and professional activities. An urgent task of digital transformation of education is access to digital and end-to-end technologies. Modern digital and end-to-end technologies provide an innovative approach to learning, put forward new digital tools for the development of the university, promote the exchange of accumulated knowledge and experience. The use of digital technologies in modern education has become an affordable and reliable tool that contributes to improving the daily work of high-tech industries and service companies. This article is devoted to the review of new opportunities of digital transformation in education. Attention is paid to the role of information and end-to-end technologies, digital tools in teaching mathematical disciplines. The necessity of including these technologies in the educational process in connection with the demand for their application in modern professional activity is substantiated. On the basis of information and digital end-to-end technologies, the authors updated the main blocks of the work program of the discipline “Discrete Mathematics and mathematical Logic” In the fund of evaluation tools, practice-oriented tasks were developed. Taking into account: analysis and integration of scientific and methodological literature, internet resources, experience of scientific and pedagogical activity, the authors have improved and tested the methodology for the formation of digital competencies of students of the 02.03.02 Fundamental Informatics and Information Technology training direction.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND IN THE ORENBURG REGION: THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT","authors":"M.G. Lapaeva, S.P. Lapaev","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-25","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the development of higher education in Russia and in the Orenburg region, analyzes its reform and the university system. Particular attention is paid to the spatial location of universities and the role of universities in the development of resource-type regions. The study was conducted using methods of comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, tabular and interpretation of the results obtained. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of higher education in the Orenburg region and develop practical recommendations for its improvement. The article compares the development of higher education in Russia, in the Volga Federal District and in the Orenburg Region, as well as in different types of regions. Using the example of the Orenburg region, it is shown that the positions of universities in resource-type regions are deteriorating. This is manifested in a decrease in the number of students, a reduction in the teaching staff and in the loss of competition for status university. However, regional universities play an important role in the development of the productive forces of the region: personnel training, scientific research, improvement of cultural space, development of international relations, etc. Recommendations are offered on strengthening the base of regional universities, providing conditions for the employment of graduates in the region, organizing the “feeding” of teaching staff by graduates of high-status universities of the country. In conditions when the paradigm of higher school development is directed towards academic capitalism, it is proposed to distinguish between commercial and academic activities, that is, some are mainly engaged in the commercialization of research results, others are mainly engaged in teaching activities. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the processes of higher school development and provides an opportunity to use proposals for improving higher education education in the region.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GOVERNMENT REFORM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN MODERN CHINA","authors":"M.V. Vaskina","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-28","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the developed countries of the world are striving to increase their competitiveness on the world stage through the training of new qualified personnel to ensure rapid economic growth and a high standard of living. Now the competent construction and timely reform of the country’s education system is almost the main component for the successful development of the state. Chinese higher education is being popularized around the world. The Chinese university has risen to the same level of education as the universities of England and Germany. China has achieved unprecedented heights in the reform of higher education, which has led to an improvement in the image of Chinese education on the world stage. This growth is due to a competent state program for the transformation of higher education, which originates from the 80s of the 20th century to the present, and is implemented through effective reforms, laws and projects. The study analyzed the features of state support for higher education in China, as well as its structure. Based on the analysis, the statistics of the increase in the number of universities in the country and students in them is presented. The differences between public and private higher education in the “Celestial Empire” are considered. A model of state support for graduates to create a business on their own and to support entrepreneurship when hiring a young qualified workforce is described. The percentage of employed graduates of Chinese universities and the problems faced by the graduate in employment, and the employer when hiring a young specialist are considered.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION OF PARENTS IN RUSSIA","authors":"T.V. Chelpachenko, M.A. Pakhomova","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-48","url":null,"abstract":"The educational potential of education at the present stage is undergoing significant changes. This is due to the complexity and multidimensional nature of the situation that develops in the interaction of the main structures of the educational process: schools and families. The existing psychological-pedagogical and scientific-methodological arsenal of forms of pedagogical education of parents is not in full demand today and does not allow taking into account all the specifics of modern parenthood. Families with children need support, correction, counseling on various issues of raising children, preparing for school, going through crisis periods in a child’s life. The study examines the current problems of pedagogical education of parents of students in modern pedagogy. The main normative documents regulating the need for the implementation of pedagogical support and education of families with children are analyzed. A study was conducted to determine the main directions in which it is necessary to carry out pedagogical education of parents in Russia. The needs of families for qualified pedagogical assistance in teaching and raising children in the family are identified, modern possibilities of implementing pedagogical support for families with children are evaluated. The main directions and forms of implementation of pedagogical education of parents, relevant today, are presented.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEDAGOGY OF CREATIVITY: ORENBURG AND RYAZAN — POINTS ON THE MAP","authors":"N.V. Martishina, V.V. Moroz","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-41","url":null,"abstract":"Creativity as a phenomenon has always been of great interest to people, however it has gained relevance since the middle of the twentieth century. Moreover, in the conditions of uncertainty, unpredictability, rapid transformation, penetration, and sometimes the dominance of technology in all spheres of life, creativity is becoming one of the most essential qualities of a modern person. An analysis of the array of domestic and foreign studies conducted gives grounds to assert that creativity, as a personality trait, being inherent in everyone to a greater or lesser extent, can be developed both individually and in a team, can lead to non-standard solution of complex problems and can contribute to the creation of original products of practical value. Creativity is not a chaotic, unpredictable feature of a person’s behavior, so its development becomes the goal of education and pedagogy of creativity. The creative paradigm of education determines the mechanisms for transforming one’s personality through self-determination, freedom of self-expression and the choice of life path strategies. By the example of two geographical points quite distant from each other: Ryazan and Orenburg, the authors argue that they are united by their interest in the problem of the creativity development in educational space. The review of studies conducted in these cities and aimed at studying various aspects of creativity is not exhaustive and final. The authors emphasize that the pedagogy of creativity, combining innovations and traditions, theory and practice, the latest technologies and time-tested methods, contributes to the potential development of both the individual and the team, the enrichment of the values of creativity and knowledge, the formation of readiness for the implementation of creative activity and the creation of a new significant product.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RECONSTRUCTIVE PRACTICES AS A RESOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORIENTATION TO THE FATHERLAND AS A VALUE","authors":"S.О. Zhuikov","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-237-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-237-6","url":null,"abstract":"The development of modern society is characterized by complex international political instability, crisis phenomena in the socio-economic development of the state, spiritual imbalance in society and insufficient attention of young people to spiritual values. In such a situation, Russia is making every effort to preserve traditional values and historical truth. The most important task of the state and Russian education is to strengthen educational work on the development of orientation to the Fatherland as a value. Today it is important to prevent the loss of interest in the national history, culture and traditions. The Fatherland belongs to the absolute universal values and is one of the main means of educating youth patriotism. Currently, patriotic education is a priority in the country’s educational policy. It is impossible to build a strong Russia without love for the Fatherland, for native places, for the native language. Without respect for one’s own history, traditions and customs of one’s people, it is impossible to raise decent citizens. One of the modern innovative resources for the development of orientation to the Fatherland as a value is historical reconstruction. Reconstructive practices, as a democratic, creative and interactive form of patriotic education, have very extensive axiological possibilities in pedagogy. “Live” historical authentic representations are aimed at understanding the military episodes of the history of the state, contribute to the education of genuine feelings of patriotism and citizenship, arouse pride in the ancestors, deep respect for the history of the Fatherland. On the example of historical reconstruction “Afghanistan: 9 years, 1 month and 19 days” actualized the importance of historical reconstruction as an effective way of knowing the past and a resource for the development of orientation to the Fatherland as a value.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Sh.N. Kuatbekov, N.A. Kargapoltseva","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-18","url":null,"abstract":"The development of physical culture and sports is one of the priority areas of the state social policy, implemented in the educational, health, cultural, national, youth, and international spheres. The urgency of the problem is also determined by the need to understand the current situation in the development of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan at various levels. Physical culture and sports contribute to the formation of the internal and external image of the state, the patriotic feelings of the people. In this regard, consideration of the main directions of development of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the historical and pedagogical aspect seems to be extremely relevant. This article analyzes the current state, trends and prospects of research activities in the country’s physical education, substantiates the need for a comprehensive application of the achievements of related sciences to create a scientific and technical base for innovative technologies in the field of physical culture and sports. Modern vectors and world standards for the formation of a national system of physical culture staffing in accordance with the trends in physical education, as well as the creation of innovative educational institutions for the training of physical education specialists, the formation of a network of children’s sports schools, rural sports complexes, social and cultural centers of physical development are considered. The axiological vectors of the development of physical culture and sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been updated in accordance with promising areas in physical education; humanization of national education on the basis of value orientations in a healthy lifestyle of every person. In this regard, the necessity of designing a system for training future specialists, considering the analysis of national experience to create a scientific and technical base for the implementation of innovative technologies in the field of physical culture and sports, is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135956250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AT MATHEMATICS LESSONS","authors":"N.G. Dyukina","doi":"10.25198/1814-6457-238-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-238-56","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of ensuring the country’s environmental security are presented in the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. Ecological education of schoolchildren and education of the population is one of the solutions to the issues raised. According to the Federal State Educational Standard of basic and secondary general education, the formation of the foundations of the ecological culture of schoolchildren is one of the requirements for mastering the main educational program. The article describes the process of formation of the socio-ecological component of the ecological culture of schoolchildren in the process of teaching mathematics. Achievement of the set task is carried out by direct solution of ordinary tasks in mathematics lessons, but having a real substantive formulation of regional environmental priority. The didactic possibilities of the content of a school course in mathematics make it possible to predetermine and resolve a number of environmental problems. This is possible only in integration with other academic disciplines. At the same time, the technologies of the meta-subject approach, as the basis of education, fully contribute to the achievement of personal, subject and meta-subject learning outcomes for schoolchildren, provide tremendous opportunities for greening the content of all disciplines, and even can be aimed at integrating the content of environmental and vocational education. The purpose of the study is to develop a teaching methodology aimed at the formation of the socio-ecological component of the schoolchildren’s ecological culture in the process of teaching mathematics in grades 5-6. The quantitative and qualitative methods used to analyze and interpret the data obtained in our study proved the effectiveness of the developed methodology. At the same time, the subject level of mastering the school course in mathematics did not decrease. Thus, the study devoted to the formation of the socio-ecological component of the ecological culture of schoolchildren in the process of teaching mathematics is relevant and socially significant. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the socio-ecological component of the schoolchild’s ecological culture make it possible to use the developed teaching methodology in the educational process in educational institutions, in gymnasiums. The developed methodological recommendations for teachers are recommended for conducting lessons in mathematics using the technology of the meta-subject approach.","PeriodicalId":489698,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}