AoB Plants最新文献

{"title":"Pollination mechanism in Serapias with no pollinaria reconfiguration","authors":"M. Lanzino, A. M. Palermo, G. Pellegrino","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Orchidaceae, one of the most numerous families in the world's flora, have evolved various pollination strategies to favour cross-pollination, such as deceptive pollination and pollinarium reconfiguration. Among the terrestrial orchids of the Mediterranean, only species belonging to the genus Serapias show a strategy defined as shelter imitation. The floral elements form a tubular structure that insects use during their resting phases. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the mechanisms that guarantee pollination with particular attention to the morphological interactions between orchids and pollinators and whether pollinaria reconfiguration is necessary in the promotion of cross-pollination in Serapias.\u0000 Breeding system experiments and hand pollination treatments indicated that Serapias was highly self-compatible, shows low value of natural fruit set and is pollinator limited. Time-lapse photos showed that the pollinarium had no refolding of the stipe or caudicle after its removal from the flower.\u0000 The morphology of the flower determined the attack of the pollinarium on the occiput/vertex of insect. When the insect left the flower, the pollinarium was unable to encounter the stigma. When the insect made a second visit to another flower, the pollen masses of the first pollinarium ended up on the stigma and at the same time, the insect picked up a second pollinarium.\u0000 Our observations and analyses suggested that morphological interactions between flower and pollinator are crucial to the success of pollination and to prevent self-pollination and thus that pollinarium reconfiguration is unnecessary in shelter deceptive orchids, such as Serapias species, for the promotion of crosspollination.\u0000 Serapias represent a case of interactions between plant and pollinator; the formation of the tubular shape of the flower is an essential preadaptation for the development of resting site mimicry originating exclusively in Serapias among Mediterranean orchids.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating stay-green and PIN-FORMED genes: PIN-FORMED genes as potential targets for designing climate-resilient cereal ideotypes.","authors":"Albert Chern Sun Wong, Erik J van Oosterom, Ian D Godwin, Andrew K Borrell","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plad040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant architecture modification (e.g. short-stature crops) is one of the key outcomes of modern crop breeding for high-yielding crop varieties. In cereals, delayed senescence, or stay-green, is an important trait that enables post-anthesis drought stress adaptation. Stay-green crops can prolong photosynthetic capacity during grain-filling period under post-anthesis drought stress, which is essential to ensure grain yield is not impacted under drought stress conditions. Although various stay-green quantitative trait loci have been identified in cereals, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating stay-green remain elusive. Recent advances in various gene-editing technologies have provided avenues to fast-track crop improvement, such as the breeding of climate-resilient crops in the face of climate change. We present in this viewpoint the focus on using sorghum as the model cereal crop, to study PIN-FORMED (<i>PIN</i>) auxin efflux carriers as means to modulate plant architecture, and the potential to employ it as an adaptive strategy to address the environmental challenges posed by climate uncertainties.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic <i>Artemisia</i> species from three Macaronesian archipelagos.","authors":"Daniel Vitales,&nbsp;Carmen Guerrero,&nbsp;Teresa Garnatje,&nbsp;Maria M Romeiras,&nbsp;Arnoldo Santos,&nbsp;Francisco Fernandes,&nbsp;Joan Vallès","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anagenetic speciation is an important mode of evolution in oceanic islands, yet relatively understudied compared to adaptive radiation. In the Macaronesian region, three closely related species of <i>Artemisia</i> (i.e. <i>A. argentea</i>, <i>A. thuscula</i> and <i>A. gorgonum</i>) are each endemic from a single archipelago (i.e. Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde, respectively), representing a perfect opportunity to study three similar but independent anagenetic speciation processes. By analysing plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as nuclear DNA amount data, generated from a comprehensive sampling in all the islands and archipelagos where these species are currently distributed, we intend to find common evolutionary patterns that help us explain the limited taxonomic diversification experienced by endemic Macaronesian <i>Artemisia</i>. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that divergence among the three lineages occurred in a coincidental short period of time during the Pleistocene. Haplotype and genetic differentiation analyses showed similar diversity values among <i>A. argentea</i>, <i>A. thuscula</i> and <i>A. gorgonum</i>. Clear phylogeographic patterns-showing comparable genetic structuring among groups of islands-were also found within the three archipelagos. Even from the cytogenetic point of view, the three species presented similarly lower genome size values compared to the mainland closely related species <i>A. arborescens</i>. We hypothesize that the limited speciation experienced by the endemic <i>Artemisia</i> in Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos could be related to their recent parallel evolutionary histories as independent lineages, combined with certain shared characteristics of seed dispersal, pollen transport and type of habitat.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of drought and salt stress on galactinol and raffinose family oligosaccharides in common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>).","authors":"Ramon de Koning,&nbsp;Gertjan E Wils,&nbsp;Raphaël Kiekens,&nbsp;Luc De Vuyst,&nbsp;Geert Angenon","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to climate change, farmers will face more extreme weather conditions and hence will need crops that are better adapted to these challenges. The raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) could play a role in the tolerance of crops towards abiotic stress. To investigate this, we determined for the first time the importance of galactinol and RFOs in the roots and leaves of common bean under drought and salt stress conditions. Initially, the physiological characteristics of common bean under agronomically relevant abiotic stress conditions were investigated by measuring the growth rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll concentration and membrane stability, allowing to establish relevant sampling points. Subsequently, the differential gene expression profiles of the galactinol and RFO biosynthetic genes and the amount of galactinol and RFO molecules were measured in the primary leaves and roots of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> cv. CIAP7247F at these sampling points, using RT-qPCR and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. Under drought stress, the genes <i>galactinol synthase 1</i>, <i>galactinol synthase 3</i> and <i>stachyose synthase</i> were significantly upregulated in the leaves and had a high transcript level in comparison with the other galactinol and RFO biosynthetic genes. This was in accordance with the significantly higher amount of galactinol and raffinose detected in the leaves. Under salt stress, raffinose was also present in a significantly higher quantity in the leaves. In the roots, transcript levels of the RFO biosynthetic genes were generally low and no galactinol, raffinose or stachyose could be detected. These results suggest that in the leaves, both galactinol and raffinose could play a role in the protection of common bean against abiotic stresses. Especially, the isoform galactinol synthase 3 could have a specific role during drought stress and forms an interesting candidate to improve the abiotic stress resistance of common bean or other plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10327629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10187002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Vascular variants in seed plants-a developmental perspective.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad036.].</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10404124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review on raphide morphotype calcium oxalate crystals in angiosperms.","authors":"Natasha S Lawrie,&nbsp;Nekane Medrano Cuetos,&nbsp;Francesca Sini,&nbsp;Ghifary A Salam,&nbsp;Hangyu Ding,&nbsp;Arthur Vancolen,&nbsp;Jessica M Nelson,&nbsp;Roy H J Erkens,&nbsp;Giuditta Perversi","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are biominerals present in a wide variety of plants. Formation of these crystals is a biomineralization process occurring in vacuoles within specialized cells called crystal idioblasts. This process is dependent on two key components: deprotonated oxalic acid, and calcium ions (Ca²⁺), and can result in multiple crystal morphologies. Raphides are needle-like CaOx crystals found in various plant organs and tissues. Though their function is highly debated, they can potentially store calcium, sequester heavy metals, protect against herbivory and possibly programmed cell death. The last review of the taxonomic and anatomical distribution of raphides across the plant kingdom dates back to 1980, in a review by Franceschi and Horner, prompting an updated systematic review of raphides in plants. We conduct a broad literature search to record plant taxa and tissue locations containing raphides. We provide an overview of raphide-forming plant taxa, discussing phylogenetic distribution of raphides at the order level, and report on the specific locations of raphides within plants. Our review reveals raphide occurrence has been studied in 33 orders, 76 families and 1305 species, with raphides presence confirmed in 24 orders, 46 families and 797 species. These taxa represented less than 1 % of known species per family. Leaves are the most prominent raphide-containing primary location in all three major angiosperm clades investigated: Eudicots, Magnoliids, and Monocots. Roots are least reported to contain raphides. The collation of such information lays the groundwork to unveil the genetic origin and evolution of raphides in plants, and highlights targets for future studies of the presence and role of plant raphides.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10337537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular variants in seed plants-a developmental perspective.","authors":"Israel L Cunha Neto","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over centuries of plant morphological research, biologists have enthusiastically explored how distinct vascular arrangements have diversified. These investigations have focused on the evolution of steles and secondary growth and examined the diversity of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), including atypical developmental pathways generated through modifications to the typical development of ancestral ontogenies. A shared vernacular has evolved for communicating on the diversity of alternative ontogenies in seed plants. Botanists have traditionally used the term 'anomalous secondary growth' which was later renamed to 'cambial variants' by late Dr. Sherwin Carlquist (1988). However, the term 'cambial variants' can be vague in meaning since it is applied for developmental pathways that do not necessarily originate from cambial activity. Here, we review the 'cambial variants' concept and propose the term 'vascular variants' as a more inclusive overarching framework to interpret alternative vascular ontogenies in plants. In this framework, vascular variants are defined by their developmental origin (instead of anatomical patterns), allowing the classification of alternative vascular ontogenies into three categories: (i) <i>procambial variants</i>, (ii) <i>cambial variants</i> and (iii) <i>ectopic cambia</i>. Each category includes several anatomical patterns. Vascular variants, which represent broader developmental based groups, can be applied to both extant and fossil plants, and thereby offer a more adequate term from an evolutionary perspective. An overview of the developmental diversity and phylogenetic distribution of vascular variants across selected seed plants is provided. Finally, this viewpoint discusses the evolutionary implications of vascular variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of carbon supporting the fast growth of developing immature moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) culms: inference from carbon isotopes and anatomy.","authors":"Shitephen Wang,&nbsp;Daniel Epron,&nbsp;Keito Kobayashi,&nbsp;Satoru Takanashi,&nbsp;Masako Dannoura","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> is a spectacularly fast-growing species that completes its height growth within 2 months after the shoot emerges without producing leaves (fast-growing period, FGP). This phase was considered heterotrophic, with the carbon necessary for the growth being transferred from the mature culms via the rhizomes, although previous studies observed key enzymes and anatomical features related to C₄-carbon fixation in developing culms. We tested whether C₄-photosynthesis or dark-CO₂ fixation through anaplerotic reactions significantly contributes to the FGP, resulting in differences in the natural abundance of <i>δ</i>¹³C in bulk organic matter and organic compounds. Further, pulse-¹³CO₂-labelling was performed on developing culms, either from the surface or from the internal hollow, to ascertain whether significant CO₂ fixation occurs in developing culms. <i>δ</i>¹³C of young shoots and developing culms were higher (-26.3 to -26.9 ‰) compared to all organs of mature bamboos (-28.4 to -30.1 ‰). Developing culms contained chlorophylls, most observed in the skin tissues. After pulse-¹³CO₂-labelling, the polar fraction extracted from the skin tissues was slightly enriched in ¹³C, and only a weak ¹³C enrichment was observed in inner tissues. Main carbon source sustaining the FGP was not assimilated by the developing culm, while a limited anaplerotic fixation of respired CO₂ cannot be excluded and is more likely than C₄-photosynthetic carbon fixation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10258892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation of scent and its impact on pollinators' preferences.","authors":"Mayumi Vega-Polanco,&nbsp;Lislie Solís-Montero,&nbsp;Julio C Rojas,&nbsp;Leopoldo Cruz-López,&nbsp;David Alavez-Rosas,&nbsp;Mario Vallejo-Marín","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Floral scents shape plant-pollinator interactions. Although populations of the same species can vary in their floral scent, little is known about how this variation affects pollinator visitation. In this study, we compare the scents emitted by buzz-pollinated <i>Solanum rostratum</i> (Solanaceae) in two areas of its distribution (Mexico and USA) and investigate how these differences in scent affect pollinator preferences and attraction. We determined the variation of floral volatile compounds using hexane extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with spectrometry. We also performed a field cage multiple-choice bioassay and a Y-tube behavioural bioassay using <i>Bombus impatiens</i>. We recorded 13 volatile compounds in floral extracts for plants from both ranges that varied qualitative and semi-quantitatively among populations. We found that in the field cage experiment, bumble bees visited plants from the US populations more frequently than plants from Mexican populations. However, bees showed no difference in preference between extracts from Mexican or US flowers. We conclude that although bees show differential visitation to whole plants of different regions, variation in floral extract alone does not translate into differences in preference by <i>B. impatiens</i>. The potential effects of variation in floral scent on the other native bee pollinators remain to be assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10407983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new experimental setup to measure hydraulic conductivity of plant segments.","authors":"Louis Krieger,&nbsp;Stanislaus J Schymanski","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant hydraulic conductivity and its decline under water stress are the focal point of current plant hydraulic research. The common methods of measuring hydraulic conductivity control a pressure gradient to push water through plant samples, submitting them to conditions far away from those that are experienced in nature where flow is suction driven and determined by the leaf water demand. In this paper, we present two methods for measuring hydraulic conductivity under closer to natural conditions, an artificial plant setup and a horizontal syringe pump setup. Both approaches use suction to pull water through a plant sample while dynamically monitoring the flow rate and pressure gradients. The syringe setup presented here allows for controlling and rapidly changing flow and pressure conditions, enabling experimental assessment of rapid plant hydraulic responses to water stress. The setup also allows quantification of dynamic changes in water storage of plant samples. Our tests demonstrate that the syringe pump setup can reproduce hydraulic conductivity values measured using the current standard method based on pushing water under above-atmospheric pressure. Surprisingly, using both the traditional and our new syringe pump setup, we found a positive correlation between changes in flow rate and hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, when flow or pressure conditions were changed rapidly, we found substantial contributions to flow by dynamic and largely reversible changes in the water storage of plant samples. Although the measurements can be performed under sub-atmospheric pressures, it is not possible to subject the samples to negative pressures due to the presence of gas bubbles near the valves and pressure sensors. Regardless, this setup allows for unprecedented insights into the interplay between pressure, flow rate, hydraulic conductivity and water storage in plant segments. This work was performed using an Open Science approach with the original data and analysis to be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7322605.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 4","pages":"plad024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10418303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10352552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}