History of Geo- and Space Sciences最新文献_第8页

Book review: Kew Observatory and the Evolution of Victorian Science1840–1910 书评:邱园天文台与维多利亚时代科学的演变，1840 - 1910

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-22 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-1-2019

K. Aplin

引用次数: 0

The history of Andøya Rocket Range Andøya火箭靶场的历史

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-07 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-141-2018

E. Thrane

{"title":"The history of Andøya Rocket Range","authors":"E. Thrane","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-9-141-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-9-141-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Just 5 years after Sputnik, on 18 August 1962, Norway\u0000launched the first sounding rocket from Andøya in northern Norway. The\u0000establishment of Andøya Rocket Range (ARR), in the Arctic and right in\u0000the middle of the night-time auroral zone, gave the scientists unique\u0000opportunities for studies of the complex processes in the auroral ionosphere\u0000and upper atmosphere. In close cooperation with the users, ARR gradually\u0000developed its technical and scientific infrastructure and is now one of the\u0000world's leading observatories in this field. ARR has also established a\u0000launch site at Svalbard, and sounding rockets from both ranges can reach far\u0000into the Arctic to study the cusp region and the daytime aurora. The\u0000ground-based instruments comprise sophisticated radars and lidars as well as\u0000passive instruments. ARR also plays an active role in space education. In\u00002014 Andøya Rocket Range changed its name to Andøya Space Center\u0000(ASC; https://www.andoyaspace.no, last access: 23 November 2018).\u0000This change reflects the fact that the activities now comprise much\u0000more than sounding rocket launches. ASC is an important company both\u0000nationally and in the local community of Andenes. ASC now has a staff of 95\u0000and an annual turnover of NOK 150 million.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48824768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain 1770年1月在西班牙观测到的大极光

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-09-23 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-133-2018

V. Carrasco, Enric Aragonès, Jorge Ordaz, J. Vaquero

{"title":"The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain","authors":"V. Carrasco, Enric Aragonès, Jorge Ordaz, J. Vaquero","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-9-133-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-9-133-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. An analysis is made of the records made by Spanish\u0000observers of a notable aurora on 18 January 1770 in order to study the\u0000characteristics of this event. The records indicate that the phenomenon was\u0000observed in both continental and insular territories of Spain, in particular\u0000at San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Cádiz, Córdoba, Badajoz,\u0000Valencia, Castellón, Madrid, Barcelona, and Gerri de la Sal. The most\u0000equatorward observational site was San Cristóbal de la Laguna\u0000(28.48∘ N, 16.32∘ W) in the Canary Islands. In general,\u0000the descriptions put its duration from sunset to midnight, but the observers\u0000from Córdoba and Madrid report the aurora as being visible during the\u0000last hours of the night, and it was even observed the following day at\u0000Castellón. All the observers described the aurora as red in colour,\u0000while white and ash colours were also reported at Córdoba and Gerri de\u0000la Sal. The brightness and shape of auroral display changed over time.\u0000Calculations of the geomagnetic latitudes of the observation locations gave\u0000San Cristóbal de la Laguna as the southernmost (26∘ N) and\u0000Gerri de la Sal the northernmost (35∘ N) and indicate this aurora\u0000was observed over a wide range of abnormally low latitudes for such a\u0000phenomenon. Solar activity around the event was high, with the astronomer\u0000Horrebow registering 10 sunspot groups on that date (18 January 1770).\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Hermanus Magnetic Observatory: a historical perspective of geomagnetism in southern Africa 赫曼努斯磁观测站:非洲南部地磁的历史透视

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-24 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-125-2018

P. Kotzé

引用次数: 5

Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the twentieth century: Arthur Casagrande Arthur Casagrande对二十世纪早期岩土工程知识的贡献

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-13 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-107-2018

Rubén Galindo-Aires, Antonio Lara-Galera, Gonzalo Guillán-Llorente

{"title":"Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the twentieth century: Arthur Casagrande","authors":"Rubén Galindo-Aires, Antonio Lara-Galera, Gonzalo Guillán-Llorente","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-9-107-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-9-107-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Arthur Casagrande\u0000(1902–1981) is one of the main people responsible for the geotechnics that\u0000we know today. Born in Haidenschaft, now Slovenia, he went to the United\u0000States in 1926 to participate in major civil engineering projects: he\u0000graduated in 1924 from the Technische Hochschule in Vienna, Austria. On this\u0000visit to the USA he met Karl Terzaghi (1883–1963), the father of soil\u0000mechanics and geotechnology, who taught him the basic concepts of this\u0000discipline to which Casagrande dedicated the rest of his life. In his early years of work with Terzaghi, Casagrande focused on research\u0000studies, such as the development on the limits of Atterberg published in\u00001932, and the development of equipment for soil trials, such as the\u0000Casagrande spoon also developed in 1932. Casagrande not only dedicated\u0000himself to research in his early years, but he also carried out studies\u0000throughout his professional career, such as those carried out on\u0000liquefaction, which he began in 1937 and continued throughout his life. Casagrande not only made important contributions in the field of\u0000geotechnology, but also lectured at Harvard University, which he joined in\u00001932. He also consulted and was involved in several projects for the Army\u0000Corps of Engineers of the United States. In addition, Casagrande made an\u0000important contribution to the 1st International Conference of Soil Mechanics\u0000and Foundations Engineering that took place at\u0000Harvard University in 1936. The aim of this paper is to analyze, through the biography of Casagrande, his\u0000contribution to the field of geotechnics, based on his research, teaching,\u0000and consulting work. Moreover, Casagrande influenced other important people\u0000in the field, such as Terzaghi, Peck, and even the work with his brother Leo,\u0000and, of course, the influence of these people on Casagrande's team.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Obituary: Karl Rawer (1913–2018) 讣告：卡尔·拉瓦尔（1913–2018）

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-19 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-105-2018

B. Reinisch, K. Schlegel

引用次数: 0

The tidal measurements of James Cook during the voyage of the Endeavour 詹姆斯·库克在奋进号航行中的潮汐测量

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-85-2018

P. Woodworth, Glen H. Rowe

{"title":"The tidal measurements of James Cook during the voyage of the Endeavour","authors":"P. Woodworth, Glen H. Rowe","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-9-85-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-9-85-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The main priority of the first of James Cook's famous voyages of discovery\u0000was the observation of the transit of Venus at Tahiti. Following that, he was\u0000ordered to embark on a search for new lands in the South Pacific Ocean. Cook had\u0000instructions to record as many aspects of the environment as possible at each\u0000place that he visited, including the character of the tide. This paper makes\u0000an assessment of the quality of Cook's tidal observations using modern\u0000knowledge of the tide, and with an assumption that no major tidal changes\u0000have taken place during the past two and half centuries. We conclude that\u0000Cook's tidal measurements were accurate in general to about 0.5 ft (15 cm) in height\u0000and 0.5 h in time. Those of his findings which are less consistent with\u0000modern insight can be explained by the short stays of the Endeavour\u0000at some places. Cook's measurements were good enough (or unique enough) to be\u0000included in global compilations of tidal information in the 18th century and\u0000were used in the 19th century in the construction of the first worldwide\u0000tidal atlases. In most cases, they support Cook's reputation as a good\u0000observer of the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46205878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

An early record of ball lightning: Oliva (Spain), 1619 球状闪电的早期记录:奥利瓦(西班牙)，1619年

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-24 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-79-2018

F. Domínguez‐Castro

引用次数: 2

The role of COST Actions in unifying the European ionospheric community in the transition between the two millennia 成本行动在统一欧洲电离层社区在两千年之间的过渡中的作用

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-18 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-9-65-2018

B. Zolesi, L. Cander

引用次数: 2

The development of the Australian Space Forecast Centre (ASFC) 澳大利亚空间预报中心的发展