History of Geo- and Space Sciences最新文献_第7页

IAPSO: tales from the ocean frontier IAPSO:来自海洋边界的故事

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-137-2019

D. Smythe-Wright, W. J. Gould, T. McDougall, S. Sparnocchia, P. Woodworth

引用次数: 6

IAGA: a major role in understanding our magnetic planet IAGA:在了解我们的磁性行星方面发挥了重要作用

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-163-2019

M. Mandea, E. Petrovský

引用次数: 3

IUGG: beginning, establishment, and early development (1919–1939) IUGG：开始、建立和早期发展（1919–1939）

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-25-2019

A. Ismail-Zadeh, J. Joselyn

{"title":"IUGG: beginning, establishment, and early development (1919–1939)","authors":"A. Ismail-Zadeh, J. Joselyn","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-10-25-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-10-25-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics\u0000(IUGG) was established in 1919 to promote activities of already-existing\u0000international scientific societies dealing with geodesy, terrestrial\u0000magnetism and electricity, meteorology, physical oceanography, seismology,\u0000and volcanology. At the first General Assembly a Section of scientific\u0000hydrology was added, making a total of seven Sections of the Union. This\u0000paper introduces IUGG by presenting its current mission, structure, partners,\u0000and programs; discussing various international geophysical efforts before its\u0000origin; and describing the Union's development from the end of World War I to\u0000the beginning of World War II. During this period (1919–1939), the number of\u0000member countries increased from the 9 founding Member countries to 35; seven\u0000General Assemblies were held, each in a different international venue; and\u0000the number of delegates attending the assemblies increased from a few dozen\u0000to more than 800 scientists. At the Fifth General Assembly in 1933, the term\u0000“section” was replaced by “international association”. Each General\u0000Assembly of the Union, since the First General Assembly in Rome, Italy, in\u00001922 to the VII General Assembly in Washington, DC, USA, in 1939, is\u0000summarized, and the distinguished scientists who contributed to the Union's\u0000formation and it early development are introduced.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

IAMAS: a century of international cooperation in atmospheric sciences IAMAS：大气科学国际合作的世纪

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-119-2019

M. Maccracken, H. Volkert

{"title":"IAMAS: a century of international cooperation in atmospheric sciences","authors":"M. Maccracken, H. Volkert","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-10-119-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-10-119-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric\u0000Sciences (IAMAS) was founded in 1919 as the Section of Meteorology\u0000of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).\u0000Significant advances over human history, particularly during the 19th\u0000century, in the gathering, communication, assembly and analysis of\u0000observations of the changing weather and in theoretical understanding of the\u0000fundamental physical relationships and processes governing atmospheric\u0000circulation had been driven by the need for improved weather and climate\u0000forecasts to support the expansion of global trade, better public warnings of\u0000extreme weather, and safer and more effective military operations. Since its\u0000foundation, in parallel and cooperation with intergovernmental development\u0000under the auspices of what is now the World Meteorological\u0000Organization (WMO), IAMAS and its 10 international commissions have\u0000provided the international organizational framework for the convening of the\u0000general and scientific assemblies and other meetings that bring together\u0000expert scientists from around the world to further advance scientific\u0000understanding and prediction of the behaviour of the atmosphere and its\u0000connections to and effects on other components of the Earth's intercoupled\u0000geophysical system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48793524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

IUGG evolves (1940–2000) IUGG的发展（1940–2000）

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-45-2019

J. Joselyn, A. Ismail-Zadeh

引用次数: 3

IUGG in the 21st century 21世纪的IUGG

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-73-2019

J. Joselyn, A. Ismail-Zadeh, T. Beer, H. Gupta, M. Kono, U. Shamir, M. Sideris, K. Whaler

{"title":"IUGG in the 21st century","authors":"J. Joselyn, A. Ismail-Zadeh, T. Beer, H. Gupta, M. Kono, U. Shamir, M. Sideris, K. Whaler","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-10-73-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-10-73-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) has vigorously\u0000responded to a number of the natural, scientific, and technological\u0000challenges and driving forces that have marked the 21st century thus far.\u0000This paper reviews the actions of the Union that were precipitated by\u0000disasters caused by natural hazard events, climatic and environmental\u0000changes, and important scientific advances, as well as the opportunities to\u0000support International Years and other cooperative programs. This period has\u0000also given rise to a number of structural changes within the Union. IUGG\u0000added an eighth association, the International Association of Cryospheric\u0000Sciences, and inaugurated the new categories of affiliate and honorary\u0000memberships, introduced new grants, science education, and recognition\u0000programs, and formed new Union commissions on climatic and environmental\u0000change, data and information, planetary sciences, and a working group on\u0000history. Electronic communication was welcomed as a cultural norm. Overall,\u0000the development of the scientific landscape in the 21st century and a healthy\u0000future for the Union requires emphasis on fundamental Earth and space\u0000sciences as well as on transdisciplinary science to resolve urgent problems\u0000of society. IUGG will continue to evolve throughout the coming decades in\u0000step with the changing world of science and its international organizations,\u0000by responding to challenging problems as they arise.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47662646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Preface to the special issue “The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics: from different spheres to a common globe” “国际大地测量和地球物理联合会：从不同的球体到共同的地球仪”特刊序言

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-17-2019

J. Joselyn, A. Ismail-Zadeh

引用次数: 1

IAHS: a brief history of hydrology IAHS:水文简史

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-109-2019

D. Rosbjerg, J. Rodda

引用次数: 12

IAVCEI: from small beginnings to a vibrant international association IAVCEI：从一个小的开始到一个充满活力的国际协会

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-181-2019

R. Cas

{"title":"IAVCEI: from small beginnings to a vibrant international association","authors":"R. Cas","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-10-181-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-10-181-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) was formed following the end of World War I at the inaugural general assembly (GA) of the International Research Council in Brussels in 1919, where the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) was constituted. IAVCEI was then known as the Section for Volcanology (SV) and was one of six scientific disciplines that made up IUGG. The first president of IAVCEI (or SV) was Annibale Riccò (Italy), its first two vice presidents were Alfred Lacroix (France) and Henry Washington (USA), and the first secretary-general (SG) was Alessandro Malladra (Italy). A secretariat office for SV was established in Naples, Italy, following the first IUGG and SV General Assembly in 1922, in Rome, Italy. At that meeting SV established its own scientific journal called Bulletin volcanologique, the first edition of which was published in 1924 with Alessandro Malladra as the editor. SV officially became the International Association for Volcanology (IAV) in 1933 at the 5th IUGG General Assembly in Lisbon, Portugal. At the 14th IUGG General Assembly in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1967, IAV was renamed IAVCEI in recognition of the importance of geochemistry and geochronology in understanding volcanic processes. Bulletin volcanologique was renamed the Bulletin of Volcanology in 1986, at the time that its editorial board was restructured to be more representative of the international community. IAVCEI became a fully democratic association in 1995 with the introduction of individual membership, which entitled members to nominate, be nominated and vote in the election of the IAVCEI Executive Committee. Although the IUGG By-Laws allowed scientists only from the union's member countries to hold various positions within IUGG, in 2015, the IUGG Council removed this restriction, and now a scientist who is a member of IAVCEI from any country can hold any position in IAVCEI, except the position of the president.","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the twentieth century: Ralph Peck 拉尔夫·佩克对二十世纪早期岩土工程知识的贡献

IF 0.3 4区哲学

History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.5194/HGSS-10-3-2019

Antonio Lara-Galera, Rubén Galindo-Aires, Gonzalo Guillán-Llorente

{"title":"Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the twentieth century: Ralph Peck","authors":"Antonio Lara-Galera, Rubén Galindo-Aires, Gonzalo Guillán-Llorente","doi":"10.5194/HGSS-10-3-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/HGSS-10-3-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ralph B. Peck (1912–2008), graduate and doctor of philosophy in\u0000civil engineering (1934 and 1937 respectively) from the Rensselaer\u0000Polytechnic Institute, was one of the major contributors to the development\u0000of geotechnics in the twentieth century. Born in Winnipeg (Manitoba) as an\u0000American national, he was influenced from childhood by the world of civil\u0000engineering through his father, Orwin K. Peck, who was a civil engineer,\u0000mainly as a structural engineer in the railway sector. In the absence of job offers as a structural engineer, Ralph Peck arrived at\u0000Harvard University in 1938 to attend the soil mechanics courses taught by\u0000Arthur Casagrande, which guided Peck's professional career towards\u0000geotechnics. In addition to Casagrande, Peck had the opportunity to meet and\u0000work with other very important people related to geotechnics:\u0000Albert E. Cummings, Laurits Bjerrum, Alec W. Skempton and especially\u0000Karl Terzaghi, with whom he established a great friendship, in addition to\u0000providing support, professional advice and performing important work, such as\u0000the Chicago Subway Works. Peck actively dedicated himself to consulting work, which led him to visit\u000044 states within the United States and 28 countries on five continents. In\u0000addition, he also participated in research work where he was asked and was a\u0000committed lecturer at the University of Illinois, where he was a professor\u0000for 32 years. The objective of this paper is to analyse, through Peck's biography, his\u0000contribution to the field of geotechnics based on his research, teaching and\u0000consultancy work, and through the influence of Peck on other important people\u0000in the field, such as Karl Terzaghi.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48918,"journal":{"name":"History of Geo- and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0