{"title":"Working Conditions of Industrial Robot Operators–An Overview of Technology Dissemination, Job Characteristics, and Health Indicators in Modern Production Workplaces","authors":"Matthias Hartwig;Patricia Rosen;Sascha Wischniewski","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3368525","DOIUrl":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3368525","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible robotic systems change not only the production workflow as a whole but also the individual working conditions of their operators. The aim of this analysis of our study with more than 5900 participants was to get an overview of demographics, job characteristics, and health indicators of robot operators in comparison to nonrobotic machine operators and employees in Germany. We collected data by telephone interviews measuring technology use, stressors, and resources at work as well as health indicators. Results indicate systematic differences in working stressors and resources for robot users compared to other machine users as well as employees in general. In particular, the scope for decision-making at work was smaller for robot users, especially regarding the amount of work or the speed of work. Only isolated links could be found regarding the health indicators. The results therefore imply constant consideration of human factors to ensure productive as well as healthy working conditions with robots in modern industry.","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 2","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zemin Liu;Qingsong Ai;Haojie Liu;Wei Meng;Quan Liu
{"title":"Human-Like Trajectory Planning Based on Postural Synergistic Kernelized Movement Primitives for Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation","authors":"Zemin Liu;Qingsong Ai;Haojie Liu;Wei Meng;Quan Liu","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3360111","DOIUrl":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3360111","url":null,"abstract":"The motor synergy pattern is an intrinsic characteristic found in natural human movements, particularly in the upper limb. It is essential to improve the multijoint coordination ability for stroke patients by integrating the synergy pattern into rehabilitation tasks and trajectory design. However, current robot-assisted rehabilitation systems tend to overlook the incorporation of a multijoint synergy model. This article proposes postural synergistic kernelized movement primitives (PSKMP) method for the human-like trajectory planning of robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation. First, the demonstrated trajectory obtained from the motion capture system is subject to principal component analysis to extract postural synergies. Then, the PSKMP is proposed by kernelizing the postural synergistic subspaces with the kernel treatment to preserve human natural movement characteristics. Finally, the rehabilitation trajectory accord with human motion habits can be generated based on generalized postural synergistic subspaces. This approach has undergone practical validation on an upper limb rehabilitation robot, and the experimental results show that the proposed method enables the generation of human-like trajectories adapted to new task points, in accordance with the natural movement style of human. This method holds great significance in promoting the recovery of coordination ability of stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 2","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extracting Human Levels of Trust in Human–Swarm Interaction Using EEG Signals","authors":"Jesus A. Orozco;Panagiotis Artemiadis","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356421","DOIUrl":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356421","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is an essential building block of human civilization. However, when it relates to artificial systems, it has been a barrier to intelligent technology adoption in general. This article addresses the gap in determining levels of trust in scenarios that include humans interacting with a swarm of robots. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the human observers of the different swarms allow for extracting specific EEG features related to different trust levels. Feature selection and machine learning methods comprise a classification system that would allow recognition of different levels of human trust in those human–swarm interaction scenarios. The results of this study suggest that EEG correlates of swarm trust exist and are distinguishable in machine learning feature classification with very high accuracy. Moreover, comparing common EEG features across all human subjects used in this study allows for the generalization of the classification method, providing solid evidence of specific areas and features of the human brain where activations are related to levels of human–swarm trust. This work has direct implications for effective human–machine teaming with applications to many fields, such as exploration, search and rescue operations, surveillance, environmental monitoring, and defense. In these applications, quantifying levels of human trust in the deployed swarm is of utmost importance because it can lead to swarm controllers that adapt their output based on the human's perceived trust level.","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 2","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Lin;Shucong Yin;Hao Du;Yuquan Leng;Chenglong Fu
{"title":"Design and Investigation of a Suspended Backpack With Wide-Range Variable Stiffness Suspension for Reducing Energetic Cost","authors":"Xin Lin;Shucong Yin;Hao Du;Yuquan Leng;Chenglong Fu","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3355474","DOIUrl":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3355474","url":null,"abstract":"Suspended backpacks have been acknowledged for their advantages in load carriage, leading to the development of various designs aimed at enhancing their performance. However, current suspended backpacks typically possess fixed stiffness or limited adjustability, thereby limiting their adaptability to different load carriage tasks, such as varying walking speeds and load masses. This article introduced a suspended backpack design capable of modulating its stiffness over a wide range while maintaining a lightweight profile. The variable stiffness suspension (VSS) was integrated into the load frame of the suspended backpack and utilized a motor to adjust the stiffness by generating spring-like force based on the relative displacement between the load and the body. Experimental validation was conducted to assess the stiffness modulation of the suspended backpack. The VSS enabled the stiffness modulation of the suspended backpack ranging from 424 to 2182 N/m, which corresponded to the desired stiffness range for a 10–25 kg load at walking speeds for 3.5–6 km/h. Moreover, the mechanics of the carriers were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the suspended backpack on the individuals. Results showed that the designed VSS suspended backpack could reduce peak push-off force by 20.71% under the high working condition and energetic cost by 30.39% under the midworking condition. However, a tradeoff exists between minimizing the peak accelerative load force and energetic cost. The proposed design holds the potential for enhancing performance across various load carriage tasks, including human-in-the-loop energetic optimization.","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 2","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro L. Callara;Gianluca Rho;Sara Condino;Vincenzo Ferrari;Enzo Pasquale Scilingo;Alberto Greco
{"title":"Behavioral, Peripheral, and Central Neural Correlates of Augmented Reality Guidance of Manual Tasks","authors":"Alejandro L. Callara;Gianluca Rho;Sara Condino;Vincenzo Ferrari;Enzo Pasquale Scilingo;Alberto Greco","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3354413","DOIUrl":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3354413","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The use of commercially available optical-see-through (OST) head-mounted displays (HMDs) in their own peripersonal space leads the user to experience two perception conflicts that deteriorate their performance in precision manual tasks: the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) and the focus rivalry. In this work, we aim characterizing for the first time the psychophysiological response associated with user's incorrect focus cues during the execution of an augmented reality (AR)-guided manual task with the Microsoft HoloLens OST-HMD. Methods: 21 subjects underwent to a “connecting-the-dots” experiment with and without the use of AR, and in both binocular and monocular conditions. For each condition, we quantified the changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity of subjects by analyzing the electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability. Moreover, we analyzed the neural central correlates by means of power measures of brain activity and multivariate autoregressive measures of brain connectivity extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG). Results: No statistically significant differences of ANS correlates were observed among tasks, although all EDA-related features varied between rest and task conditions. Conversely, significant differences among conditions were present in terms of EEG-power variations in the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (8–13) Hz and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$beta$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (13–30) Hz bands. In addition, significant changes in the causal interactions of a brain network involved in motor movement and eye-hand coordination comprising the precentral gyrus, the precuneus, and the fusiform gyrus were observed. Conclusion: The physiological plausibility of our results suggest promising future applicability to investigate more complex scenarios, such as AR-guided surgery.","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 2","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3356020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3356018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3356022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"144-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Present a World of Opportunity","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3356024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"143-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/THMS.2024.3356016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3356016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}