Jie Zhang;Yao Yao;Jian-An Wang;Da-Wei Ding;Xiaolei Li
{"title":"Distributed Fault-Tolerant Bipartite Output Consensus Control for Descriptor Discrete-Time Uncertain Multiagent Systems","authors":"Jie Zhang;Yao Yao;Jian-An Wang;Da-Wei Ding;Xiaolei Li","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662694","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the bipartite output consensus problem for descriptor discrete-time multiagent systems (MASs) subject to both process faults and parameter uncertainties. The study is framed within multiagent cyber–physical systems (CPSs), aiming to achieve secure and resilient consensus in adversarial environments characterized by directed signed topologies. To achieve simultaneous estimation of system states and fault signals under discrete-time descriptor dynamics, a new distributed estimator is designed by integrating the directed signed graph topology with a discrete-time generalized algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). Furthermore, a distributed observer is constructed for each follower to track the exosystem state, enabling the bipartite tracking of reference trajectories across two opposing subgroups. This design effectively accommodates exosystem matrices whose eigenvalues lie entirely outside the unit circle, thus relaxing the conventional neutral-stability requirement. Based on the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-copy internal model principle from robust output regulation theory, a distributed fault-tolerant output-feedback control law is synthesized. This controller guarantees bipartite output consensus over directed signed networks in the presence of concurrent process faults and model uncertainties. Finally, a numerical simulation validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4071-4085"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gain Self-Adjustment Observation and Guaranteed Performance for Faulty Industrial Process System: A Performance Self-Recovery Approach","authors":"Peihao Du;Yan Lei;Hongyi Li;Weimin Zhong","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662993","url":null,"abstract":"This article formulates a gain self-adjustment state observer-based performance self-recovery control (GASO-based PSrC) strategy for the industrial process system subject to actuator faults, and the main contributions of the GASO-based PSrC strategy can be summarized as its adaptability to external environmental variations, its capability to suppress faulty performance, and its plasticity in the postfault operation scenario, manifested in adjustable convergence rate and regulation precision for damaged process performance. Therein, a novel gain self-adjustment state observer (GASO) is constructed for estimating the disturbance and process states, thereby completing GASO gain update and maintenance as well as the accommodation of environment variation. To constrain sustained performance decay and steady-state evolution performance, a two-stage performance function with transient response and steady-state convergence is developed. An activation instruction based on the correntropy criterion is designed to detect faults and enable the guaranteed performance control scheme in the postfault operation scenario. Then, the proposed GASO-based PSrC framework is established to realize the scheduled process regulation level. Extensive experiment validations are accomplished on a micro-wastewater treatment process, and the regulation results on the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration illustrate that the proposed control strategy can guarantee the user-defined performance requirement while mitigating the detriment of faults and disturbance.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4136-4148"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fractional-Order Online Policy Iteration-Based Approximate Optimal Control for Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems","authors":"Jie Kong;Guoling Yuan;Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662249","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a fractional-order online policy iteration (FOOPI) algorithm-based approximate optimal control scheme is developed for fractional-order nonlinear systems (FONSs). Using the fractional Taylor series and the property of Hadamard product, the fractional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (FHJB) equation corresponding to FONSs is formulated. Motivated by the procedure of solving the optimal control problem of integer-order nonlinear systems (IONSs), the design of the fractional-order (FO) controller for FONSs is transformed into solving the FHJB equation utilizing a FOOPI algorithm. By constructing a critic neural network (NN) and using the fractional calculus theory, the FO derivatives of the value function are established, followed by the approximate fractional Hamiltonian, which is obtained via the FOOPI algorithm. Hereafter, the FO control policy is obtained approximately to guarantee the stability of closed-loop FONSs via the FO Lyapunov’s direct method. Simulation results guarantee the effectiveness of the proposed FOOPI-based approximate optimal control scheme.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"3923-3934"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Privacy-Preserving Distributed Resilient Event-Triggered Platoon Control Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks","authors":"Ying Wan;Mingyang Yu;Junjie Fu;Guanghui Wen","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662411","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the distributed platoon control problem of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) under hybrid cyber attacks, which include false data injection (FDI) and eavesdropping attacks simultaneously. To mitigate the impact of hybrid cyber attacks on vehicle information exchange, an event-triggered dual-layer control strategy with a hidden layer and competitive interconnection structure is proposed. Specifically, to address malicious data injection from FDI attacks, the proposed framework achieves the objective of vehicle platooning through dynamic interaction between the physical and hidden layers only at triggered time instants. Meanwhile, FDI attacks detection and privacy preservation can also be realized through this strategy. Furthermore, a Zeno-free event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is employed to improve the communication efficiency and reduce resource consumption by avoiding unnecessary state transmissions. Sufficient conditions for control parameters are derived to guarantee resilient platoon control objectives under hybrid cyber attacks. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"3976-3987"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secure Consensus Control of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Based on Memory Adaptive Protocol","authors":"Kangyue Chen;Fei Yan","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3670229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3670229","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates memory-based adaptive event-triggered (MBAET) consensus control for nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) subject to multiple cyberattacks. A multiattack model is formulated, incorporating deception and irregular denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, with a focus on the frequency and duration of DoS attacks. To reduce communication overhead, an improved MBAET mechanism is proposed in which a buffer at the triggering node stores historical information, allowing previously transmitted data to be exploited in the trigger design. Moreover, the designed threshold adaptation law adjusts the triggering threshold online based on stored historical data and prescribed performance requirements, to regulate the convergence process in real time. A Lyapunov function incorporating communication delays and sampling instants is constructed. During DoS attack intervals, only locally available system information is utilized, which relaxes the associated functional constraints. By further adopting a piecewise Lyapunov functional, we derive stochastic mean-square consensus conditions for MASs under multiple attacks, covering both attack and nonattack intervals. The MBAET matrix parameters and controller gains are obtained using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method in enhancing attack resilience and improving resource efficiency are demonstrated through a practical simulation based on an F-404 aircraft engine system.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4205-4217"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Participant Allocation for Multicontest Success: A Heterogeneous Temporal Graph Learning Approach","authors":"Jianyu Zhao;Lujie Zhou;Yi Jiang;Sam Kwong;Zhi-Hui Zhan","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3674778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3674778","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdsourcing contests have become an important approach for organizations to tackle complex problems by gathering innovative solutions from globally distributed participants. However, as platforms always host an increasing number of concurrent contests, the voluntary and selective nature of participants usually leads to coordination difficulties and unpredictable outcomes, which present a critical challenge to guide multicontest settings toward success. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel and effective dynamic link prediction-based recommendation algorithm tailored for crowdsourcing platforms named the heterogeneous temporal graph generative adversarial network (HTGGAN). The HTGGAN leverages participants’ historical interaction data to predict the optimal set of participants for each future task. This ensures that participants’ skills and interests align with the contest requirements, thereby improving the success of crowdsourcing contests. Specifically, the HTGGAN contains four modules. First, the metapath-relation aggregation (MRA) module integrates information from multiple metapaths of the heterogeneous temporal graph (HTG) into a unified spatial embedding. Second, the group-relation aggregation (GRA) module incorporates learnable group-level features into node-level representation learning to enhance the expressiveness of the target node. Third, the across-time aggregation (ATA) module captures interactions between the target node and its temporal neighbors, enabling the learning of an initial spatiotemporal embedding. Finally, the optimized recommendation (OR) module incorporates a generative adversarial network and performs link prediction to recommend appropriate users for competitions or posts. Using a large real-world dataset constructed from the Kaggle platform, we demonstrate that HTGGAN outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms across multiple metrics and delivers clear practical value.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4412-4424"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Shi;Xuesong Wang;C. L. Philip Chen;Maolong Lv;Yuhu Cheng
{"title":"Actor--Critic-Based Dynamic Event-Triggered Control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles","authors":"Lei Shi;Xuesong Wang;C. L. Philip Chen;Maolong Lv;Yuhu Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3678732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3678732","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs) exhibit complex nonlinear dynamics and time-varying uncertainties, placing stringent demands on the adaptive learning capabilities of flight control systems. Meanwhile, the limited onboard communication and computational resources further require efficient resource utilization. To address these issues, this article proposes a dynamic event-triggered control (DETC) scheme based on actor–critic framework for HFVs, achieving synergistic optimization of control performance and resource conservation. First, an optimal event-triggered controller is developed within actor–critic framework to regulate the frequency of control input updates. A static event-triggered condition is formulated, and the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed, with Zeno behavior eliminated, ensuring both stability and feasibility. Building on this, a dynamic variable is introduced, leading to a dynamic event-triggered condition that adaptively adjusts the trigger threshold based on real-time system states. Unlike static event-triggered mechanisms with fixed thresholds, this mechanism further optimizes the frequency of control input updates, achieving more efficient resource utilization while maintaining the desired control performance. Moreover, rigorous theoretical analysis demonstrates that the closed-loop system is stable and Zeno behavior is eliminated under the DETC scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of our proposed DETC scheme is verified through a simulation example.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4323-4335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolutionary Hyper-Transformation for Multi-AAV Path Planning to Visit Moving Targets","authors":"Yulong Ding;Yuyang Wang;Yue Wei;Bin He;Bin Xin;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3678144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3678144","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses a novel path planning problem for multiple fixed-wing autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) to visit a set of moving targets, originating from AAV cooperative missions such as emergency communication and target surveillance. This problem can be formulated as a multiple Dubins traveling salesman problem with moving targets (mDTSPMT). The key challenge lies in the strong cross-level coupling between target assignment, encounter sequences, and motion-constrained paths for multiple AAVs in the presence of moving targets. To solve mDTSPMT efficiently, we develop an efficient transformation method by sampling the access location and heading of each AAV to visit moving targets, constructing the mDTSPMT roadmap, and transferring it into an asymmetric multiple traveling salesman problem (AMTSP). This transformation allows the use of mature AMTSP solvers while preserving the essential motion and timing constraints of the original problem. However, the performance of the transformation method heavily depends on the quality of the samples. To improve the quality of samples, a hyper-transformation (HT) framework is proposed, which adaptively optimizes AAV sampling, guiding the search toward more promising configurations and enhancing both the solution quality and computational efficiency of the transformation method. Experiments with extensive instances show that the proposed method outperforms four competitive algorithms in generating coordinated and time-efficient Dubins paths for multiple AAVs encountering multiple targets.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4297-4311"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Supervisor Synthesis for Automated Manufacturing Systems With Multiple Unreliable Resources","authors":"Nan Du;Dongnian Jiang;Hesuan Hu","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662441","url":null,"abstract":"Deadlock and blocking issues have received more and more attention in automated manufacturing systems (AMSs). This article studies an adaptive supervisory control problem for AMSs with multiple unreliable resources which may fail at any time. By using general Petri nets (PNs), each processing stage in the AMSs under consideration allows to utilize multiple types and quantities of resources. Based on a transformation technique, a general net is first converted to an ordinary net. In an ordinary net, a set of formulas is used to check the undermarked siphons, each of which is designed as a control place to prohibit it from being undermarked. By analyzing the relationship between the unreliable resources and the detected siphon, an adaptive controller is designed which can automatically adjust working modes such that the undermarked siphon caused by resource failures is marked. Finally, an adaptive supervisory controller is iteratively synthesized for AMSs with unreliable resources to ensure the controlled system can execute continuous operations even if unreliable resources malfunction. A representative example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"3935-3946"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148505821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3700356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3700356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11571065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}