Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Long-Term Fasting on Skeletal Muscle: Structure, Energy Metabolism and Function Using 31P/1H MRS and MRI","authors":"Antoine Naëgel, Magalie Viallon, Hélène Ratiney, Thu Nguyen, Benjamin Leporq, Djahid Kennouche, Thomas Grenier, Franziska Grundler, Robin Mesnage, Jean-Michel Guy, Robin Schultze, Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Pierre Croisille","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13773","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasting shows promise for public health, but concerns about muscle loss hinder its acceptance, particularly among the elderly. We explored the impact of long-term fasting (12 days, 250 kcal/day) on muscle structure, metabolism and performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We prospectively assessed muscle volume, composition, relaxometry data and lipid metabolism in 32 subjects (16 men; 50% over 50 years old) before fasting, at the end of fasting and 1 month post-fasting. Techniques included high-resolution 3D Dixon MR imaging, multiecho CSE and single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Dynamic <sup>31</sup>P-MRS, quantitative MRI, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) measurements and exercise testing (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) were repeated throughout the protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the average body weight loss was 5.9 kg (7.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), the skeletal muscle volume change measured on the right calf muscle was 271 mL (5.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). This closely aligns with expected losses of glycogen (1%–2%) and bound water (3%–4%), estimated to total 404–505 mL. MVC (anaerobic lactic metabolism) remained preserved in both thighs and calf muscles, regardless of sex or age. Unchanged T2 showed that fasting did not induce structural or inflammatory changes. MRI/MRS revealed fat redistribution among tissues, with subcutaneous fat decrease (by 417.2 cm<sup>3</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and total fat fraction increase (by 0.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in muscle. The intramyocellular lipid pool increased by 2.2 times (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the extracellular lipid pool decreased to 1.4 times (<i>p</i> < 0.05), revealing rapid lipid trafficking and adaptation. During fasting, the T2* value increased by 1.2 ms (<i>p</i> < 0.001), likely because of changes in the configuration of intracellular lipid droplets, with an increased proportion of lipid droplets of smaller size, optimizing accessibility of lipid fuels and mitochondrial FA. Exercise testing (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) showed no change in maximal oxygen uptake, but fat oxidation improved with a 10% decrease in the exercise respiratory exchange ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and PCr resynthesis rates in muscle were maintained. Females improved their mitochondrial function by D + 12, with τPCr decreasing to 29.61 s (<i>p</i> < 0.01), surpassing males and demonstrating better fat oxidation capabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term fasting did not alter mus","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Primary Sarcopenia and End-Stage Renal Disease–Related Muscle Wasting Using Multi-Omics Approaches","authors":"Daiki Setoyama, Dohyun Han, Jingwen Tian, Ho Yeop Lee, Hyun Suk Shin, Ha Thi Nga, Thi Linh Nguyen, Ji Sun Moon, Hyo Ju Jang, Evonne Kim, Seong-Kyu Choe, Sang Hyeon Ju, Dae Eun Choi, Obin Kwon, Hyon-Seung Yi","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13749","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-related primary sarcopenia and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)–related muscle wasting are discrete entities; however, both manifest as a decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength. The etiological pathways differ, with aging factors implicated in sarcopenia and a combination of uremic factors, including haemodialysis, contributing to ESRD-related muscle wasting. Understanding these molecular nuances is imperative for targeted interventions, and the integration of proteomic and metabolomic data elucidate these intricate processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We generated detailed clinical data and multi-omics data (plasma proteomics and metabolomics) for 78 participants to characterise sarcopenia (<i>n</i> = 28; mean age, 72.6 ± 7.0 years) or ESRD (<i>n</i> = 22; 61.6 ± 5.5 years) compared with controls (<i>n</i> = 28; 69.3 ± 5.7 years). Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and handgrip strength. Five-times sit-to-stand test performance was measured for all participants. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in accordance with the 2019 Consensus Guidelines from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. An abundance of 234 metabolites and 722 protein groups was quantified in all plasma samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle mass, handgrip strength and lower limb muscle function significantly lower in the sarcopenia group and the ESRD group compared with those in the control group. Metabolomics revealed altered metabolites, highlighting exclusive differences in ESRD-related muscle wasting. Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of numerous metabolic intermediates associated with urea cycle, amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Catecholamines, including epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, are significantly elevated in the plasma of patients within the ESRD group. Proteomics data exhibited a clearer distinction among the three groups compared with the metabolomics data, particularly in distinguishing the control group from the sarcopenia group. The ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor was top-ranked in terms of the variable importance of projection scores. Plasma AHNAK protein levels was higher in the sarcopenia group but was lower in the ESRD group. Proteomic set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of several pathways related to sarcopenia, such as hemopexin, defence response and cell differentiation, in sarcopenia group. Multi-omic integration analysis revealed associations between relevant metabolites, including catecholamines, and a group of annotated prote","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen or Naproxen Sodium Minimally Influences Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Treadmill Exercise in Rats","authors":"Brandon M. Roberts,&nbsp;Alyssa V. Geddis,&nbsp;Alexandra Ciuciu,&nbsp;Marinaliz Reynoso,&nbsp;Nikhil Mehta,&nbsp;Alyssa N. Varanoske,&nbsp;Alyssa M. Kelley,&nbsp;Maximus C. Leiss,&nbsp;Alexander L. Kolb,&nbsp;Julie M. Hughes,&nbsp;Marshall A. Naimo,&nbsp;Ryan E. Tomlinson,&nbsp;Jeffery S. Staab","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13798","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may influence musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different NSAIDS: naproxen sodium, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen or a placebo on musculoskeletal adaptations in rodents with or without 6 weeks of aerobic exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine-week-old male Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 80) were randomized to either exercise (EX) or no-exercise control (CON) conditions and treated with naproxen, ibuprofen (IBU), flurbiprofen (FLU) or placebo (PLA). For exercise, rats ran 5 days per week for 6 weeks at a 5% incline on a motorized treadmill for 30 min. Three-point bending (3 PB) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) were measured in the femur. Anabolic muscle signalling pathways were measured in the quadriceps. Muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and fibre type were measured in the soleus. Data were analysed using a two-way ANOVA for treatment by condition and is visualized as mean ± standard deviation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For 3 PB, there was an exercise effect for ultimate bending energy, postyield energy, toughness, postyield toughness, postyield displacement, ultimate strain and postyield strain (all, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was a treatment by condition effect for Young's Modulus, where placebo exercise was less than placebo control (PLA EX: 3256.44 ± 463.41 MPa, PLA CON: 4849.94 ± 836.70 MPa, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). For microCT, there was a treatment by condition effect for trabecular thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.047) and the IBU EX group increased thickness compared with the IBU CON group (IBU EX: 0.133 ± 0.011 mm, IBU CON: 0.121 ± 0.007 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.027). In the quadriceps, for myosin heavy chain abundance, there was a treatment by condition effect (<i>p</i> = 0.046) and ibuprofen exercise was lower than ibuprofen control (IBU EX: 0.636 ± 0.513 AU, IBU CON: 1.81 ± 1.012 AU, <i>p</i> = 0.016). There was no treatment by condition effect for phosphorylation of the AKT, AMPK or ERK pathways (all, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In the soleus, there was no treatment by condition effect for fibre type percentage or muscle CSA (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NSAIDs did not have a strong negative or positive effect on musculoskeletal adaptations to 6 weeks of treadmill running in young healthy male rodents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance and Impact Training During Weight Loss Improves Physical Function and Body Composition in Older Adults With Obesity","authors":"Jakub Mesinovic,&nbsp;Anoohya Gandham,&nbsp;Mavil May Cervo,&nbsp;Paul Jansons,&nbsp;Costas Glavas,&nbsp;Michael Braude,&nbsp;Juan Pena Rodriguez,&nbsp;Barbora De Courten,&nbsp;Ayse Zengin,&nbsp;Belinda R. Beck,&nbsp;Peter R. Ebeling,&nbsp;David Scott","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13789","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Weight loss achieved via energy restriction leads to significant losses in muscle and bone mass, potentially increasing risk for sarcopenia and osteoporosis. High-intensity resistance and impact training (HiRIT) might attenuate weight loss–induced musculoskeletal declines. Our objective was to compare changes in physical function and body composition in older adults with obesity undertaking dietary weight loss combined with HiRIT or aerobic training (AT).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sixty older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) with obesity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry determined body fat percentage ≥ 30% in men and ≥ 40% in women) and a mobility limitation (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score ≤ 11) were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of supervised, centre-based HiRIT or self-directed, home-based AT while consuming a hypocaloric diet (750–1000 kcal/day reduction in energy intake). Changes in physical function (primary outcome: gait speed) and body composition were compared between groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 49/60 randomised participants (mean age: 69.6 ± 6 years; 58% women; mean BMI: 32.9 ± 4.1 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) completed the trial. Gait speed increased following HiRIT compared with AT (mean difference: 0.07 m/s [95% CI: 0.01, 0.13]). Chair stand times decreased in both groups (HiRIT: −1.3 s [95% CI: −2.1, −0.4] vs. AT: −0.8 s [95% CI: −1.6, −0.04]) and HiRIT, but not AT, increased handgrip strength (HiRIT: 2.2 kg [95% CI: 0.6, 3.9] vs. AT: 0.7 kg [95% CI: −0.9, 2.3]) and SPPB scores (HiRIT: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.4, 1.3] vs. AT: 0.4 [95% CI: −0.04, 0.8]). Similar decreases in total body mass (HiRIT: −5.1 kg [95% CI: −6.7, −3.4] vs. AT: −4.9 kg [95% CI: −6.5, −3.3]), fat mass (HiRIT: −3.6 kg [95% CI: −5.0, −2.2] vs. AT: −3.3 kg [95% CI: −4.7, −2.0]), visceral fat (HiRIT: −32.1 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; [95% CI: −47.4, −16.8] vs. AT: −31.4 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; [95% CI: −46.1, −16.8]) and appendicular lean mass (HiRIT: −0.8 kg [95% CI: −1.4, −0.2] vs. AT: −1.2 kg [95% CI: −1.8, −0.6]) were observed. HiRIT was well tolerated with only seven minor adverse events compared with five reported in those who completed AT.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;HiRIT appears to be safe and more effective than AT for improving gait speed in older adults with obesity undertaking dietary weight loss. Additional trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations are warranted to explore whether HiRIT can attenuate weight loss–related muscle and bone mass declines. &lt;b&gt;","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal association between statins and changes in CT-derived body composition in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm","authors":"Nicholas A. Bradley,&nbsp;Amy Walter,&nbsp;Chiara Sankey,&nbsp;Alasdair Wilson,&nbsp;Tamim Siddiqui,&nbsp;Campbell S.D. Roxburgh,&nbsp;Donald C. McMillan,&nbsp;Graeme J.K. Guthrie","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13565","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Loss of skeletal muscle mass and systemic inflammation may offer prognostic value in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The longitudinal progression of abnormal body composition parameters and their determinants is poorly reported. Statins are widely used medications that improve the prognosis of cardiovascular disease and interact with both muscle tissue and systemic inflammation. The present study aimed to describe the association between statin therapy and both pre-operative and longitudinal CT-derived body composition in patients undergoing elective intervention for AAA.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 756 consecutive patients undergoing elective intervention for AAA at three centres were retrospectively recruited. Body composition analysis was performed on pre-operative and follow-up CTs at L3 to generate subcutaneous adipose tissue index, visceral adipose tissue index and skeletal muscle index and density (SMI and SMD). Systemic inflammation was assessed using the systemic inflammatory grade.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 756 patients (702 [93%] males, median [interquartile range, IQR] age 73.0 [11.0] years) were included, with a median (IQR) follow-up of 67.0 (32) months and 235 deaths during the follow-up period. There were 582 patients (77%) receiving statin therapy and 174 patients (23%) not receiving statin therapy. Follow-up CTs were available for 273 patients. From pre-operative to follow-up CTs, there was a decrease in median SMI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and SMD (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and an increase in the comparative prevalences of low SMI (43% vs. 50%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) and low SMD (64% vs. 88%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in baseline clinicopathological characteristics, systemic inflammation or pre-operative CT-derived body composition parameters between patients with and without &gt;10% loss of skeletal muscle mass. In patients with ≤10% loss of SMI, mean (95% confidence interval) survival was 91.6 (87.2–95.9) months versus 89.3 (80.4–98.2) months in patients with &gt;10% loss of SMI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.58). Patients receiving statin therapy had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), a higher body mass index (BMI) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and a greater prevalence of normal pre-operative SMI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In patients with AAA, skeletal muscle mass and density appear to progressively decline despite treatment of AAA, though specific det","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activating Striatal Parvalbumin Interneurons to Alleviate Chemotherapy-Induced Muscle Atrophy","authors":"Jun Hu,&nbsp;Jingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yuqing Yan,&nbsp;Ziyu Shen,&nbsp;Junlong Sun,&nbsp;Yongjun Zheng","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13782","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumours. Still, it induces severe side effects, including muscle atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced muscle loss and exploring potential therapeutic strategies are essential. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the striatum play a crucial role in motor control, and recent studies suggest that their activation may alleviate motor deficits. This study investigates the effects of chemogenetic activation of PV interneurons on cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy and motor dysfunction in mice.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Wild-type C57BL/6 mice and transgenic hM3Dq mice were used in this study. Cisplatin (3 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days to induce muscle atrophy. Mice were then treated with clozapine-n-oxide (CNO) to activate PV interneurons. Muscle strength and endurance were assessed using grip strength measurements, the inverted grid test and the wire hang test. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity was examined via histological analysis. Exercise intervention was also included, using a treadmill with a 15° incline for 60 min at varying speeds during seven consecutively days.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cisplatin treatment significantly reduced body weight (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), grip strength (forelimb strength: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, four-limb strength: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), endurance (inverted grid test: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047, wire hang test: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014) and NMJ integrity (partially innervated NMJs: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0383). PV interneuron activation with CNO improved spontaneous motor activity in cisplatin-treated mice, as evidenced by a significant increase in total travel distance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.049) in the open-field test. Histological analysis showed a reduced ratio of partially innervated NMJs in the PV-cre group compared to the control virus group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0441). Muscle strength also improved significantly, with forelimb grip strength increased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and four-limb grip strength increased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018). Muscle wet-weight ratios were significantly higher in the PV-cre group (quadriceps: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030). Exercise intervention significantly improved grip strength (forelimb: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, four-limb: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002), muscle endurance (four-limb hang test: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048) and muscle weight (quadriceps: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015, gastrocnemius: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022), with an increase in muscle fibre cross-sectional area (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0018).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled ‘REAL-FITNESS’ Trial to Evaluate Physical Activity in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma","authors":"Esther Dreyling,&nbsp;Jan Räder,&nbsp;Mandy-Deborah Möller,&nbsp;Gabriele Ihorst,&nbsp;Sina Wenger,&nbsp;Antonia Pahl,&nbsp;Jann Arends,&nbsp;Georg Herget,&nbsp;Peter Deibert,&nbsp;Ralph Wäsch,&nbsp;Monika Engelhardt","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13793","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy. The predominantly older patients often suffer from comorbidities that impair their quality of life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) can be beneficial for cancer patients, but less evidence exists in MM. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared an exercise group with World Health Organization (WHO)–compliant PA (150 min aerobic exercise and 2 resistance training-sessions/week) vs. activity as usual (control group).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Thirty-four newly diagnosed consecutive MM patients were randomized 1:1 to exercise vs. control groups. Guided training (2×/week) was performed for 3 months during bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone (VCd) induction. PA was monitored using smartwatches and diaries. Demographics, osteolytic lesions, infections, fatigue, depression, and biomarkers (albumin, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and pro-brain natriuretic peptide) were compared in exercise vs. control cohorts. VCd-tolerance, response, ‘timed-up-and-go-test’ (TUGT), Revised Myeloma Comorbidity Index (R-MCI), QoL (SF-12 questionnaire), event-free survival and trainer assignment during the training period were assessed (13 tests at baseline, during VCd and end of treatment [EOT]).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The exercise group was more than twice as active as the control group, with an average aerobic activity of 162 versus 68 min/week, respectively. Trainer-guided muscle-strengthening exercises were performed 2×/week in the exercise group, in line with WHO recommendations. These data were monitored via smartwatches and training diaries. PA proved to be safe: No exercise-related SAEs or accidents occurred. The study adherence was 94% (32/34). In the exercise versus control group, AEs to VCd induction (6% vs. 25%), therapy intolerance (6% vs. 25%) and hospitalization (31% vs. 50%, respectively) occurred less frequently. VCd-dose adjustments in the exercise vs. control group were significantly less needed (6.3% vs. 37.5%, respectively). At EOT, patients in the exercise group showed less fatigue (6% vs. 75%), less depression (6% vs. 44%), better TUGT (6 vs. 11 s, respectively), improved R-MCI and QoL compared to the control group. Grip strength (right hand: 73–82 lb; left hand: 68–72 lb) significantly improved from baseline to EOT in the exercise group. Biomarkers did not significantly differ in both groups, but response to VCd-induction and event-free survival were improved in the exercise group, however, without reaching statistical significance.","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Overlooked Syndrome?","authors":"Lara Caldiroli,&nbsp;Paolo Molinari,&nbsp;Claudia D'Alessandro,&nbsp;Adamasco Cupisti,&nbsp;Carlo Alfieri,&nbsp;Giuseppe Castellano,&nbsp;Simone Vettoretti","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13787","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Healthy ageing relies on maintaining physiological systems, particularly the musculoskeletal system (MKS). After 50, declines in bone density, muscle mass and strength increase the risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, leading to frailty, fractures and higher healthcare costs. Osteosarcopenia, combining osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is rising because of the ageing population. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacerbates this condition through disruptions in mineral metabolism, hormonal imbalances and inflammation, further compromising musculoskeletal health.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This review examines the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia associated with CKD, focusing on the role of mineral and hormonal disturbances, chronic inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. It aims to increase clinical awareness and highlight the need for early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate the burden of osteosarcopenia on the quality of life and healthcare systems in ageing CKD populations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A narrative review of the current literature was conducted, summarising evidence on the mechanisms underlying osteosarcopenia in CKD, including mineral metabolism alterations, inflammatory processes and hormonal imbalances.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Osteosarcopenia is a recognised consequence of CKD, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia in CKD is multifactorial, involving disruptions in mineral metabolism, inflammation, endocrine dysfunction and physical inactivity. CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) leads to alterations in calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and vitamin D metabolism, resulting in impaired bone mineralisation and increased fracture risk. Simultaneously, CKD accelerates muscle wasting through systemic inflammation, anabolic resistance and metabolic derangements, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity, inflammaging and hormonal dysregulation further exacerbate bone muscle deterioration. Emerging evidence suggests that osteosarcopenia in CKD is a consequence of interconnected pathophysiological pathways rather than isolated conditions. Diagnosis remains challenging because of overlapping clinical features, necessitating integrated assessment tools. Targeted therapeutic strategies, including mineral metabolism correction, resistance exercise and anabolic interventions, are essential to mitigate osteosarcopenia's progression and ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","authors":"Chengxiang Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Sun,&nbsp;Zhirong Li,&nbsp;Yue He,&nbsp;Beibei Han,&nbsp;Zibo Wu,&nbsp;Siyu Liu,&nbsp;Lina Jin","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13795","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Little is known about the joint associations between trajectories of frailty and depression with cognitive function. This study aims to explore the multitrajectories of frailty and depression and their joint impact on cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 8600 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1996–2018) were analysed using a group-based trajectory model for 10-year multitrajectories. Participants were classified into five groups based on their trajectories. Multivariable linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with Group 1 (stable robust and nondepressed), Groups 2 (‘worsening prefrailty without depression,’ <i>β</i> = −0.022 SD/year), 3 (‘stable prefrailty with escalating depressive symptoms,’ <i>β</i> = −0.016 SD/year), 4 (‘increasing frailty alongside worsening depressive symptoms,’ <i>β</i> = −0.034 SD/year) and 5 (‘high and escalating frailty with persistent depression,’ <i>β</i> = −0.055 SD/year) exhibited accelerated cognitive decline. Dementia risk was significantly higher in G2 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08–1.48), G3 (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.31–1.80), G4 (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.54–2.14) and G5 (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.48–2.33) compared with G1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worsening frailty and depression accelerate cognitive decline and risk of dementia, underscoring the need to address both conditions to mitigate cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dietary Choline Intake With Incidence of Frailty: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study From China","authors":"Lian-hong Chen,&nbsp;Jian-feng Zhong,&nbsp;Ying-ying Niu,&nbsp;Cheng-ping Li,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Zhi-quan Diao,&nbsp;Hao-yu Yan,&nbsp;Miao Xu,&nbsp;Wen-qi Huang,&nbsp;Zhi-tong Xu,&nbsp;Chang Su,&nbsp;Dan Liu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13796","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging evidence suggests that dietary choline is a modifiable nutritional factor linked to various health outcomes. However, most existing studies have focused on isolated health conditions, lacking a comprehensive assessment of overall health status. This study aimed to investigate the association between total dietary choline intake and frailty incidence among Chinese adults, considering its derivatives, soluble forms (water-soluble and lipid-soluble) and food sources (animal-derived and plant-derived).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants without frailty at baseline were enrolled from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with follow-up from 2004 to 2016. Dietary intake was assessed using three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls to estimate total dietary choline intake, its derivatives, soluble forms and food sources. Frailty status was evaluated using a frailty index (FI), with frailty defined as an FI &gt; 0.21. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyse the associations between dietary choline intake and frailty incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 10 310 participants (mean age: 46.4 years [SD: 14.5]; 52.6% female) were eligible. During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 1150 incident frailty cases were recorded. Cox models with penalized splines showed an L-shaped association between total dietary choline intake and frailty incidence. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of total choline intake, those in the 2nd to 4th quartiles had lower odds of frailty, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.98), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.95) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.93), respectively. Intake of lipid-soluble choline in the 2nd to 4th quartiles was associated with an 18% (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) to 23% (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.95) reduction in the odds of frailty. Participants in the 3rd to 4th quartiles of phosphatidylcholine intake exhibited 19% (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.96) to 23% (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94) lower odds of frailty. Choline intake from plant-derived food sources was significantly associated with reduced odds of frailty (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Moderate to high dietary choline intake (171.00–464.99 mg/day), particularly phosphatidylcholine (145.20–304.93 mg/day), may be associated with reduced odds of frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}