{"title":"Factors Affecting Purchasing Behavior in Buying of Passenger Cars","authors":"Bharat Rai, A. Khadka, G. M. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67893","url":null,"abstract":"This study is about the consumer behavior in buying of passenger cars in Nepal. It aimed to identify the factors affecting the consumer behavior in car purchase. It used primary data, which came from a structured questionnaire on the six-point Likert scale that was sent to Nepalese car owners. Kathmandu was chosen as the sample site for our convenience to reach. Primary data was collected through the structured questionnaire. 411 car users were the sample size. SPSS software was used to prepare and look at the data. Through the path analysis, the effect of attributes, price, appearance, self-congruity, and brand personality on consumer buying behavior was examined using the structural equation modeling. The study found that there is significant positive impact of product attributes (β=.175, p=.012) on consumer behavior. It is also discovered that there is a significant positive effect of brand personality (β=.152, p=.032) and self-congruity (β=.619, p=.000) on consumer choice behavior but it was found that the product price (β=.073, p=.271) and product appearance (β=.084, p=.180) have no significant influence on consumer buying behavior towards passenger cars in Nepalese market. The study's results show how future researchers and business people can look at the new conditions for market growth.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Workers’ Experiences of Violence: A Critical Literature Review","authors":"Natasha C. Marriette, Rita Dhungel","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67903","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against social workers is an international issue, yet research worldwide is limited. Social work is a predominantly female profession making violence against social workers an issue of gender-based violence (GBV). Using a post-feminist lens, this paper examines the violence experienced by social workers in the workplace and its impacts on their personal and professional lives. More specifically, the objectives of this study were to 1) critically understand social workers’ experiences of violence in the workplace violence; 2) critically review peer-reviewed and grey literature to examine how intersectionality intersect to escalate the vulnerability of social workers to different forms of GBV; and 3) identify significant gaps and priorities for future policies, practices and research on GBV in the social worker profession. Twenty-four peer-reviewed and grey literature were selected for the study. Three themes emerged through this critical review 1) definition of violence; 2) rates of violence; 3) reporting violence; and 4) impacts of violence. The paucity of research in this area highlights the need for increased research in experiences of violence within the social work workplace, as well as how social work education prepares social work students for the potential of violence within the field of social work.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"70 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyandry Marriage Pattern in Highland People of Nepal","authors":"G. P. Gyanwali, Ram H. Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67897","url":null,"abstract":"Polyandry is a pattern of marriage in which a woman has more than one husband. It has been a common practice of marriage around the world since the historical period. There have been various forms of polyandry in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and America (snowbird of paradise, 2024). Among them, fraternal polyandry is common in most parts of the world. The polyandry system has also been common in most parts of Nepal in various forms. This article describes the present practice and situation of polyandry in the world as well as in the highland region of Nepal. This research is concerned with the study of the practice of polyandry in the upper Mustang of Nepal. For this research, the primary and secondary data are collected from the field and secondary sources like the Rural Municipality chairperson and local people for the case study. The major findings are that polyandry is prevalent in high hill and Himalayan regions of Nepal. It is arranged by the parents of girls or boys due to economic, social, biological, and cultural factors in the Himalayan region of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Driving Forces of Impunity in South Asia: A Human Rights Framework","authors":"P. Khatiwada, D. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67922","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the outcome of a research on impunity in South Asia. Undertaken by Forum Asia in 2021, the research collected cases from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The cases related to impunity were collected by the country researchers deputed in these countries. The lead author and co-author of this paper were the main contributors in compiling the country reports, processing the data, editing them and publishing them as country reports and South Asia regional report. Out of the huge compilation, this paper mainly sketches the debates over the constructs on impunity prevailing in these countries. The paper highlights how these countries are combating impunity with respect to the drivers and to what extent this effort is compatible in the realm of global human rights framework. Impunity is found deeply rooted in South Asia both in the cognitive, productive, economic, and political lives of the victims as well as on the psychosocial mindset of society. Individual victims of gross violations of human rights have been denied access to justice at large. This develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) along with loss of memory, nightmares, excessive fear, loss of attention, loss of self-esteem, self-isolation, distrust, withdrawal from normal life events as well as a refusal to participate in civil, cultural and social interactions. The paper concludes that most South Asian states follow democratic norms and values as they hold periodic elections and form governments. These states, however, severely lack concrete plans and tools to combat impunity. The paper suggests the vibrant role of the legislation penal codes in these countries to make accountable to the stakeholders involved in impunity matters both as perpetrators and those acting against the perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bronze Sculpture of Mara Vijaya of National Museum, Nepal: A Study of Iconographic Perspective","authors":"L. N. Dulal","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67902","url":null,"abstract":"In Buddhism the images display the story and event of temptation of Mara to disturb and misguide devotion during the process of enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautam. The art which reflects this is called the icon of Mara Vijaya. The legend regarding the story of temptation of evil Mara over the good Sidhhartha Gautam can be found in several Buddhist texts. Due to the iconographic features and themes of the Buddha Jataka stories of temptation of Mara, the bronze sculpture of national museum is considered as an important specimen. The figures of Lord Buddha, demon Mara, his daughters, army troops, Ganesh and other animal’s figures have been sculptured in very attractive ways in this bronze relief. This paper explores the major iconographic features and to examine its importance as the bronze art heritage of Nepal. It employs qualitative approach and primary data and secondary information have been used. Required secondary information has been generated from journals, books and electronic versions of different sources while primary data have been collected by doing field study in national museum with in-depth observation of such relief.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical Injuries in Nepal: An Analysis of Nepal Police Records","authors":"Bhagabati Sedain","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67891","url":null,"abstract":"Electric shock is a major cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity. However, it remains a neglected issue in Nepal because mortality and morbidity data are unsystematic and many of them are even unknown. Realizing the need of a systematic study in this regard, I aim to present the available national status of electrical injuries using incidents recorded by Nepal Police from July 2014 to July 2019 for an analysis. The data, obtained in descriptive narratives include information on the injured person's age, sex, place of occurrence, month of occurrence, activity during the occurrence, and the number of casualties per incident. This article explores the issue in some detail to open up the avenues for further study. The findings that I mentioned above indicate a significant burden of electrical injuries in Nepal, potentially higher than reported due to limitations in the police data recording system. As the government regulates electricity distribution, it should also be accountable for preventing electric shock incidents and saving many lives.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symbology and Codes in Dan Brown’s Origin","authors":"Raj Kishor Singh","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the intricate web of symbology and codes found within Dan Brown's gripping novel, Origin. As a renowned master of blending history, art, science and religion, Brown weaves a tale that captivates readers with a labyrinth of symbols and enigmatic ciphers. Through an analysis of key elements in the narrative, this study aims to shed light on the significance of symbolism and cryptographic puzzles as essential devices in the plot's development. Drawing upon Brown's signature writing style, the paper examines the role of religious symbology, ancient texts and iconic art and architecture, intertwining them with scientific theories to craft a compelling narrative. The central focus lies in the protagonist, Robert Langdon, a symbologist, whose expertise in languages and linguistics plays a pivotal role in deciphering messages and solving the mystery at hand. Jean Moréas' Symbolist Manifesto (1886) is a foundational text in the development of literary symbolism. In this manifesto, Moréas emphasized the importance of symbolism in art and literature, advocating for a departure from naturalism and realism. He proposed that artists should focus on conveying emotions and ideas through symbols, rather than direct representation. Applying Moréas' theory of symbolism, the researcher analyzes how Dan Brown employs symbols and codes as key elements in Origin. By analyzing the relationship between language and technological innovation, the study aims to unveil how these elements converge to heighten the intrigue and suspense in the novel. It delves into the significance of linguistic techniques and cryptic passages, as tools for building suspense and enriching the reading experience. Langdon reveals meanings and ideas inherent in symbols and codes and demystifies the concepts- \"Where do we come from?\" and \"Where are we going?\"","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"29 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Historical Context to Contemporary Realities: Illicit Capital Outflows from Nepal","authors":"D. Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67895","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores illicit capital outflows, explaining its multifaceted implications in underdeveloped countries like Nepal. The paper also highlights the historical dynamics adjacent to illicit financial transfers, including their causes, mechanisms, and repercussions. The paper examines the various facets of illicit capital outflows, corruption, and bad governance mechanisms in Nepal. It explores how modern technology and global financial structures facilitate these outflows, contributing to a drain of resources from Nepal. Moreover, the study delves into historical contexts where significant capital outflows occurred due to political transitions and exploitation of national treasuries. The paper also discusses contemporary instances of illicit financial activities, including illegal transactions through Currency Smuggling, Hundi, and the involvement of banks and business entities in illegal capital flights from Nepal to abroad. It emphasizes the challenges faced by regulatory bodies in curbing these illicit practices and their adverse impacts on economic development, revenue collection, and the formal economy in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Rana Magar, Rabin Ghimire, Bishwo Basnet, Prakash Man Shrestha, Suresh Prasad Gupta, Krishna Bahadur Rai
{"title":"First-principles Calculation of Cumene: Molecular Structure, Electronic Structures, Spectroscopic Analysis, and Thermodynamic Properties","authors":"Abhishek Rana Magar, Rabin Ghimire, Bishwo Basnet, Prakash Man Shrestha, Suresh Prasad Gupta, Krishna Bahadur Rai","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67890","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses the DFT method for the investigation of optimized structure, electronic structures, charge analysis, FT-IR, FT-Raman spectroscopic analysis and thermodynamic properties. The optimized energy and dipole moment are 9531.775 eV and 0.3818 Debye. The bond lengths of C1-C2 and C1-H7 molecules inside the benzene ring are observed to be 1.39 Å and 1.08 Å respectively. The bond angle of C1-C2-C3 and C2-C1-C6 are found to be 120.10 Å and 119.36 Å. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap is 6.331 eV which corresponds very close to the energy gap of 6.321 eV obtained from density of states. The global parameters with ionization energy value 6.747 eV, electron affinity with 0.4152 eV, chemical potential with -3.5811 eV, electronegativity with 3.5811 eV, global hardness with 3.1659 eV, softness with 0.3148 eV-1 and electrophilicity index with 2.0253 eV are obtained. The Mulliken charges analysis indicate that most of the carbon atoms except C4 and C12 are found to carry negative charges where all of the H-atoms are found having positive charge. The molecular electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential and electron density identify different electrophilic and nucleophilic region and its reactive natures. The FT-IR spectroscopy shows strong C-H vibrations at 3186-3093 cm-1, methyl group vibration at 3091-3078 cm-1 and the ring vibrations at 1641-1482 cm-1. The heat capacity at constant volume and at constant pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy increase with increasing temperature. However, Gibb’s free energy shows opposite nature providing very important insights according to the change in temperature.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protecting Nepal’s Biodiversity in the Context of Sustainable Development Goal 15","authors":"Frances R Berardino, Christine Walsh","doi":"10.3126/mef.v14i01.67896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67896","url":null,"abstract":"With high elevations and a variety of ecosystem classifications ranging from wetlands to alpine regions, Nepal is one of Earth’s most ecologically diverse countries. However, with global trends of declining biodiversity, Nepal’s ecological diversity is also at risk. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals created in the hopes of developing our planet for the betterment of both people and the planet. SDG 15 – Life on Land focuses specifically on protecting the land we live on and the non-human world. Considering Nepal’s high biodiversity, it is essential to protect biodiversity for both the Nepali people and the global community at large. Nepal has made a bold commitment to fulfilling SDG 15, including designating vast areas as protected areas and employing community-based conservation strategies and community based approaches. The following paper is a narrative review of empirical-based literature focused on understanding the complex landscape of biodiversity in Nepal and the implications for achieving SDG 15.","PeriodicalId":488641,"journal":{"name":"Molung educational frontier","volume":"45 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}