Allergology International最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking interleukin-31: A neuroimmune orchestrator of itch beyond Th2 immunity.","authors":"Hiroyuki Irie, Kenji Kabashima","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin (IL)-31 has emerged as a pivotal mediator of pruritus. Since its initial identification, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the role of IL-31 in itch pathophysiology, particularly its direct effects on peripheral sensory neurons. Elevated IL-31 expression has been documented in a wide range of pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, and systemic disorders. Beyond its pruritogenic activity, IL-31 is increasingly recognized as a neuroimmune cytokine that links immune-cell activation to sensory-neuronal circuits and, in some contexts, may also exert immunomodulatory effects. IL-31 signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL-31 receptor α and oncostatin M receptor β, activating downstream pathways. In sensory neurons, IL-31 receptor signaling defines a distinct pruritic pathway, but emerging human transcriptomic data indicate that IL-31-responsive neurons are more heterogeneous than the canonical murine NP3 subset, highlighting an important translational consideration. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding IL-31 biology, including its cellular sources, receptor expression, and signaling mechanisms, and discuss its role in both pruritic and non-pruritic diseases. We further evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting the IL-31/IL-31 receptor axis and consider the emerging concept that IL-31 blockade may relieve itch while simultaneously disinhibiting dendritic cell-driven type 2 inflammatory programs in selected contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining in vivo and in vitro models for evaluating the sensitising potential of birch pollen extracts.","authors":"Erica Pelamatti, Swetlana Urban, Denise Rauer, Benjamin Schnautz, Annika Eggestein, Franziska Kolek, Johanna Grosch, André Stapelfeldt, Athanasios Damialis, Ayse Sener, Carsten B Schmidt-Weber, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Francesca Alessandrini, Lorenz Aglas, Stefanie Gilles","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various mouse models are used to study pollen allergies, but a systematic experimental comparisvon is lacking. We aimed to establish a physiologically relevant adjuvant-free birch pollen allergy model to understand the dynamics of the allergic immune response and to compare the sensitising potential of different self-collected birch pollen extracts in different distinct in vivo and in vitro routes and models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different intranasal (i. n.) models in BALB/c mice and IL-4 reporter mice (BALB/c:4Get), an intradermal (i. d.) model (BALB/c:4Get), and human dendritic cells (moDCs) were used to investigate the sensitising and inflammatory effects of birch pollen extracts (BPE). A timeseries experiment was performed in the i. n. model to determine the onset of Th2 responses. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lungs, draining lymph nodes, and serum were analysed for cell infiltrate, cytokines, and antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated i. n. instillations of adjuvant-free BPE prepared from commercial pollen resulted in BALF Th2 cells, eosinophilic lung inflammation, and specific serum immunoglobulins in BALB/c mice. After 6 i. n. instillations, eosinophils and CD4⁺ T cells peaked in BALF, and CD4⁺IL-4⁺ and CD4⁺IL4Rα⁺ cells peaked in mediastinal lymph nodes. Both, i. n. and i. d. models detected subtle differences in the sensitising potential of BPEs from two self-collected pollen samples. MoDCs showed higher IL-10 release towards the less inflammatory extract.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjuvant-free murine sensitisation models, including intranasal and intradermal routes, as well as a human DC model, covered different aspects of the sensitisation route and temporal resolution. The models may be broadly helpful in screening approaches in studying mechanisms of pollen allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update in childhood asthma.","authors":"Andrew Bush","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The areas covered represent a personal selection in the field. Asthma is defined in this manuscript as a clinical syndrome of wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness, sometimes with excess cough. No assumptions are made about underlying pathology, and asthma thus becomes a clinical description, not a diagnosis. The areas covered include the need never to forget the importance of getting the basics right, including correct diagnosis and appropriate management; most children with asthma do not need biologics. Recent advances in preschool wheeze are covered next, especially the beginnings of phenotype-driven treatment, and the difficult issue of understanding non-eosinophilic wheezing. It is becoming clearer that infection likely plays a big role, but management is very difficult with no evidence base. We are now coming to realize the importance of phenotyping acute asthma attacks; one size does not fit all, but whereas many are eosinophilic, some are infection driven and are non-eosinophilic, especially in the preschool years. A phenotypic approach may allow us to reduce the burden of repeated oral corticosteroid bursts. Furthermore, we need to move beyond mere cell counting to assessing functional status. We are increasingly appreciating the importance of replacing short-acting β-2 agonist reliever therapy with combined inhaled corticosteroid and a fast acting short- and especially long-acting β-2 agonists. Finally, the use of biologicals in severe asthma is discussed. The possibility that early use of biologics may induce remission or even cure asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysophosphatidic acid mitigates vascular permeability and allergic rhinitis in mice.","authors":"Anna Shimizu, Yumiko Hayashi, Naoi Hosoe, Kazuhiro Takara, Lamri Lynda, Ryozo Ishida, Yukinori Kato, Shigeharu Fujieda, Hiroyasu Kidoya","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis involves vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. Current treatments primarily target inflammatory mediators, with a limited focus on vascular abnormalities. We aimed to investigate whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which regulates vascular stability through its receptor, LPAR4, could ameliorate allergic symptoms by normalizing vascular function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mouse model of ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis was treated with LPA. We assessed the sneezing frequency, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, eosinophil infiltration, vascular permeability, and vessel morphology. In vitro studies were performed to examine the protective effects of LPA on histamine-induced endothelial barrier disruption. Transcriptome analysis of nasal vascular endothelial cells was performed to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPA administration significantly reduced the frequency of sneezing and eosinophil infiltration without affecting serum IgE levels. The Evans blue extravasation assay demonstrated that LPA treatment significantly reduced vascular permeability in the nasal tissue, while immunofluorescence analysis of nasal blood vessels showed normalization of vessel diameter. In vitro, LPA pre-treatment significantly protected against histamine-induced endothelial gap formation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LPA normalized the expression of genes involved in interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 signaling, platelet activation, and cell junction organization pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LPA signaling uniquely addresses both vascular permeability and vasodilation in allergic rhinitis and represents a novel therapeutic approach that targets vascular abnormalities rather than immune responses. The ability of LPA to simultaneously normalize multiple vascular parameters suggests its potential as a complementary treatment for allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of aldolase and pyruvate kinase as novel cockroach allergens, Per a 21 and Per a 22.","authors":"Zhi-Qiang Xu, Yong-Xin Jiao, Qiao-Zhi Qin, Yong-Shi Yang, Jin-Lyu Sun, Ji-Fu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to cockroach allergens is associated with an increased risk of allergy. Currently, 20 cockroach allergen groups have been identified, in which Per a 13 was reported by our group. However, the diverse sensitization profiles require comprehensive characterization of cockroach allergens. We previously found that there existed two undescribed allergens in the American cockroach that merits further study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cDNA encoding the two novel allergens was cloned based on the identified peptides and transcriptomic results of the American cockroach. Both the natural and recombinant molecules were purified and characterized using SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Their allergenicities were characterized and compared with those of Per a 13 and cockroach extracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two novel allergens belonging to fructose bisphosphate aldolase and pyruvate kinase were first identified in the American cockroach, they were designated as Per a 21 and Per a 22 in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature database. The IgE-binding ELISA showed that 48 (62%) and 44 (57%) of the 77 cockroach allergic patients' sera were positive for natural and recombinant Per a 21, respectively, while 55 (71%) and 56 (73%) sera were positive for natural and recombinant Per a 22, respectively. Per a 21 and Per a 22 were recognized by 83% of the cockroach-IgE positive sera.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified two novel inhalant allergens (Per a 21 and Per a 22) in the American cockroach. These findings enrich the information on allergenic components and could be useful in developing allergen panels for molecular diagnosis of cockroach allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hands at risk: Decoding clinical profiles and occupational causes in chronic hand eczema.","authors":"Sergio Sánchez-Fernández, Alvaro Carvallo, Leyre Aguado, Gabriel Gastaminza, Carmen M D'Amelio","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered brain connectivity in sensory and motor cortices underlying atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Da-Eun Yoon, Seoyoung Lee, Jundong Kim, Kyuseok Kim, Junsuk Kim, Younbyoung Chae, Hi-Joon Park, In-Seon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by persistent itching. Growing neuroimaging evidence suggests that chronic itching involves altered brain connectivity within sensorimotor networks. This study aimed to investigate alterations in intrinsic brain connectivity in patients with AD compared to healthy controls, and to assess their association with symptom severity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We defined several regions in sensorimotor and other relevant networks as seeds and compared seed-to-whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between 41 patients and 40 healthy controls. Correlations between symptom severity and patients' FC were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with AD exhibited decreased FC between the right primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and regions within the default mode network (DMN), and increased FC between the right primary motor cortex (M1) and regions associated with motor execution, reward processing, and emotional regulation. Significant correlations with symptom severity were observed in the FC of the right S1 and supplementary motor areas. Furthermore, differential association patterns were observed in the right S1 and right M1 regarding FC with regions in the DMN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings revealed altered connectivity in sensory and motor-related regions in patients with AD, reflecting disrupted neural integration of persistent chronic itch. These findings highlight the central neural mechanisms contributing to the chronic itch-scratch cycle and suggest potential clinical applications of neural markers for evaluating disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary prostaglandin D₂ metabolite as a potential diagnostic biomarker for perioperative anaphylaxis: A pilot study.","authors":"Masaki Orihara, Tomonori Takazawa, Takahisa Murata, Tatsuro Nakamura, Tatsuo Horiuchi, Kazuhiro Nagumo, Takashi Haraguchi, Shigeru Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On non-biologic treatment clinical remission in adult-onset asthma: A 20-year cohort study in Taiwan.","authors":"Horng-Chyuan Lin, Meng-Heng Hsieh, Yueh-Fu Fang, Po-Jui Chang, Shu-Min Lin, Ting-Yu Lin, Chun-Yu Lo, Hung-Yu Huang, Pei-Yi Cheng, Chun-Yu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on asthma clinical remission has mainly focused on severe asthma with biologic therapy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of clinical remission in patients with adult-onset asthma receiving non-biologic treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were retrieved from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), the largest electronic medical records-based database in Taiwan. A total of 14,935 patients diagnosed with asthma between 2002 and 2022 were screened. There were 8043 on-treatment patients enrolled. We defined on-treatment clinical remission as follows: (1) absence of symptoms (ACT score ≥20); (2) no use of systemic steroids; (3) no clinical exacerbation for at least 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These patients were categorized according to clinical remission status: those who achieved clinical remission (n = 2185), and those who had persistent asthma (n = 5858). The on non-biologic treatment clinical remission rate of adult-onset asthma was 27.2 %. Factors associated with persistent asthma included female, smoking history, forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50 %, high blood eosinophil count, sputum fungal colonization, worse baseline asthma control test (ACT) score, high inhaled corticosteroid dose, and acute exacerbation and hospitalization in the previous 1 year. Baseline ACT score <23 had the best predictive value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.616) for persistent asthma, while a combination of sputum fungal colonization, blood eosinophil count >300 cell/ul, baseline ACT score <23, and acute exacerbation (AE) last year were presented the greatest predictive value of persistent asthma (AUC = 0.673).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this 20-year cohort study, nearly one third of the asthmatics achieved clinical remission under non-biologic treatment. Patients at the highest risk of persistent asthma require timely and targeted treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1: from discovery to therapeutic targeting of the first cytokine.","authors":"Lori Broderick, Naotomo Kambe, Hal M Hoffman","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was the first cytokine to be discovered and remains one of the most instructive molecules in immunology, linking fundamental mechanisms of innate immune activation to human inflammatory disease and targeted therapy. While it was initially identified for its relationship to fever in the 1970s, pathologic effects of IL-1 became a cornerstone for our understanding of rare monogenic disorders of autoinflammation in the early 2000s. Since that time, the number of disorders implicating a role for IL-1 has expanded to more complex inborn errors of immunity, as well as more common polygenic disorders diagnosed and treated by the practicing allergologist, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and neutrophilic and atopic dermatoses. In this review, we highlight the historical discovery of IL-1, its involvement in various pathologies, and its role as a therapeutic target, with focus on its role in disorders pertinent to the clinical allergist/immunologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}