International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease最新文献

{"title":"Kinesiophobia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Concept Analysis.","authors":"Huifang Yin, Rongrong Li, Yidan Hu, Lihua Huang","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S580903","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S580903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kinesiophobia (fear of movement) is a significant barrier to pulmonary rehabilitation and functional recovery in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Despite its considerable impact on clinical outcomes, this concept currently lacks a unified definition and comprehensive theoretical framework.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify the concept of kinesiophobia in COPD by identifying its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences, and to integrate these elements into a cohesive conceptual framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 1, 2025. Following Rodgers' evolutionary methodology, two researchers independently screened studies and conducted a systematic thematic synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Kinesiophobia in COPD is characterized by four defining attributes: symptom hypervigilance, maladaptive cognition, complex emotional responses, and behavioral avoidance. These are influenced by sociodemographic, disease-related, and psychological antecedents, and lead to functional decline and reduced quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis synthesizes a unified conceptual framework that integrates dyspnea-related and pain-related kinesiophobia, addressing a critical gap in the literature. This framework provides the foundation for developing precise assessment tools and mechanism-based interventions tailored to specific fear subtypes, ultimately aiming to disrupt the debilitating cycle of fear and avoidance in COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"580903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensifentrine Added on to Dual Bronchodilator or Triple Therapy Demonstrates Clinically Meaningful Improvement in CAT Score in Symptomatic Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Thomas M Siler, Tara Rheault, Daniel Reyner, Margot MacDonald-Berko, John Davidson, Kathleen Rickard","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S589655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S589655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain symptomatic despite the use of available maintenance therapies. Ensifentrine is a novel, selective, dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 and PDE4 approved for use as a maintenance therapy in adult patients with COPD. This study evaluated the effect of ensifentrine added on to dual or triple therapy on symptoms and health status in symptomatic patients with COPD using the COPD Assessment Test™ (CAT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center, Phase 3b, open-label study, patients aged 40 to 80 years with symptomatic (modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale ≥2; CAT ≥10), moderate to severe COPD on stable dual bronchodilator or triple therapy received 3 mg twice-daily nebulized ensifentrine for 12 weeks. CAT scores were assessed at baseline, week 6, and week 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty eligible patients received ensifentrine. Patients with ≥1 postdose assessment (n=18) were analyzed. After 12 weeks, ensifentrine improved CAT scores by ≥2 units in 67.0% (95% CI, 38.0%, 100.0%) of patients. Mean change from baseline was -2.3 units (95% CI, -4.0, -0.6), exceeding the clinically important difference of -2 units. At week 6, 44.4% (95% CI, 22.0%, 89.5%) of patients were CAT responders; the mean change from baseline in CAT score was -1.5 units (95% CI, -4.0, 1.1). No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ensifentrine provided clinically meaningful improvement in health status measured by CAT score in two-thirds of symptomatic patients with COPD taking dual bronchodilator or triple therapy in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>Clinical trial registered on June 10, 2024, with Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT06460493).</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"589655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12912034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of SAPS II for 28-Day All-Cause Mortality in AECOPD Patients Admitted to the ICU.","authors":"Shiyuan Yao, Yao Xu, Jin Liu, Rui Li, Yuer Li, Shaobo Ge, Yuanliang Sun, Chenyu Yao, Xia Yang, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S583782","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S583782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), which incorporates 12 physiological variables along with age, admission type and chronic health conditions, is widely used for assessing illness severity and predicting mortality risk in critically ill patients. However, its prognostic value in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1087 eligible AECOPD patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) were included from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The clinical characteristics and 28-day all-cause mortality of these patients were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAPS II was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors among the AECOPD patients admitted to ICU. For predicting 28-day all-cause mortality, SAPS II showed superior discriminative ability compared to the scores of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score, and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System. The combination of SAPS II with these scoring systems did not significantly enhance the predictive value. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis identified SAPS II ≥ 37 as a significant cut-off value, with patients scoring above this threshold showing a significantly decreased 28-day cumulative survival rate. Cox regression confirmed SAPS II ≥ 37 as an independent mortality predictor. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear increase in 28-day all-cause mortality risk with elevated SAPS II. Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between SAPS II and mortality risk remained consistent across the most subgroups except for coronary heart disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that SAPS II is a significant predictor of 28-day all-cause mortality in AECOPD patients admitted to the ICU, with a score ≥ 37 serving as a robust indicator of poor clinical prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"583782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram in Alleviating Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in COPD Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Zhan Gao, Shasha Tang, Wen Zhang, Mingzhou Zhang, Zhenghua Wei, Zhou Long, Bin Wang, Heng Qin, Hang Qian, Yan Yin, Guansong Wang, Binfeng He","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S572465","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S572465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Depression and anxiety negatively impact COPD prognosis, yet evidence for psychopharmacological interventions remains limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose escitalopram for managing these comorbidities in COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 150 COPD patients with moderate-to-severe anxiety and/or depression were randomized (1:1) to receive escitalopram (5-10 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks, followed by an 11-month observational follow-up without maintenance study medication. Primary endpoints were changes in HAMA-14 and HAMD-17 scores at Month 1. Secondary outcomes included CAT scores, mMRC ratings, and lung function (FEV₁% predicted) through Month 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Month 1, escitalopram demonstrated significantly greater reductions in HAMA-14 (-9.25 [95% CI -9.67 to -8.82] vs -2.20 [-2.46 to -1.95]) and HAMD-17 (-7.37 [-7.74 to -7.01] vs -1.37 [-1.72 to -1.01]) compared to placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These improvements were sustained at Month 12 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). CAT scores improved significantly more in the escitalopram group (-6.20 [-6.68 to -5.72]) versus placebo (-2.79 [-3.02 to -2.55]) over the 12-month observational period (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No significant differences were observed for mMRC or FEV₁% predicted. Adverse events were mild and comparable between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term treatment with low-dose escitalopram significantly alleviates depression and anxiety in COPD patients. Notably, this brief intervention initiated a sustained positive clinical trajectory over 12 months. Combined with a favorable safety profile, these findings support its potential integration into comprehensive COPD management protocols, pending multicenter validation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ChiCTR1800017338 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/). Registered 25-July-2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"572465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13022901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Research Trends in Comorbidity Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: A Bibliometric Study.","authors":"Jiaqi Wang, Yiyuanzi Zhao, Yihan Zhang, Jinxin Chen, Haiqiao Wu, Hanyu Fang","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S572455","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S572455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently coexist and exert bidirectional effects through inflammatory, mechanical, and neurogenic pathways. However, a systematic and integrative summary of global research trends and underlying mechanisms in this field remains lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant publications on the comorbidity of COPD and GERD published from database inception to 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. After rigorous screening, bibliometric and visualisation analyses were conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to evaluate publication trends, country and institutional distributions, author collaboration networks, and keyword evolution. Highly cited papers were further examined, and recent mechanistic studies were integrated to explore the pathological connections and clinical implications of the two diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 208 relevant publications were included. The global number of publications has shown a continuous upward trend, with the United States and Europe leading in both productivity and academic influence, while Asian countries have demonstrated rapid growth. Research hotspots have shifted from epidemiological and symptom-based studies towards mechanistic investigations such as non-acid reflux, microaspiration, systemic inflammation, and Mendelian randomisation. Highly cited works, including Hurst JR (2010, NEJM) and Vogelmeier CF (2017, ERJ), have established the theoretical foundation for COPD exacerbation and comorbidity management. Mechanistically, GERD may exacerbate COPD through acid and bile reflux, oesophago-bronchial reflexes, and systemic inflammatory responses, whereas COPD-related respiratory mechanics alterations and chronic inflammation may in turn promote reflux development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on COPD-GERD comorbidity is currently evolving from clinical observation towards molecular and genetic mechanisms, reflecting a clear interdisciplinary trend. Multi-omics studies and integrated management strategies are expected to promote more precise disease phenotyping and personalised treatment. This study elucidates the developmental trajectory of COPD-GERD comorbidity research and provides a theoretical basis and research direction for the advancement of precision respiratory medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"572455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13022911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Predicting COPD Exacerbation Risks.","authors":"Wang Chun Kwok, Sze Him Isaac Leung, Terence Chi Chun Tam, Chi Hung Chau, Fai Man Lam, James Chung Man Ho","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S559800","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S559800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear, although it has been utilized to investigate various non-malignant conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study involving Chinese patients with COPD was carried out in Hong Kong to examine the relationship between baseline ALI levels and the risk of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). ALI was evaluated across quartiles. Patients were prospectively recruited from respiratory clinic in Queen Mary Hospital and Grantham Hospital in 2021, follow up with patients was done until 8th March 2025 or the death date, whichever is earlier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 272 Chinese COPD patients recruited, 138 of them had moderate to severe AECOPD and 66 patients died in the follow-up period. Those in the Q1 ALI, when compared with Q4 (highest quartile), had significantly shorter time to moderate to severe AECOPD with adjusted hazard ratio of (aHR) 2.17 (95% CI = 1.29-3.65, p = 0.011), severe AECOPD (aHR 2.05, 95% CI = 1.18-3.55, p = 0.011) and overall survival (aHR 2.73, 95% CI = 1.21-6.15, p = 0.015). The same phenomenon was also observed in the patient subgroup with baseline blood eosinophil counts <300 cells/μL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this prospective study, it suggested that ALI can serve as a biomarker to predict the risk of moderate to severe AECOPD, as well as severe AECOPD and mortality. The phenomenon was also observed in the non-eosinophilic subgroup. This can allow clinicians to use this simple and repeatable biomarker as a way to prognosticate COPD patients and estimate AECOPD risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"559800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COPD Action Plans: Gaps in Development Methods, Content, and Format.","authors":"Ilziba Yusup, Rosalind Tang, Andrew Kouri, Don D Sin, Darcy D Marciniuk, Samir Gupta","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S571223","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S571223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>COPD action plans (APs) are integral to self-management and recommended across clinical practice guidelines, but primary care provider and patient usage remain low. Given that uptake is influenced by content, format, and development methods, we sought to collect a broad sample of existing COPD APs and to analyze these characteristics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected English language COPD APs from: 1) an internet search; 2) international COPD guidelines; 3) pulmonary/COPD organizations and experts; and 4) published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating COPD APs. For each AP, we described background information, development methods and any available evaluation data. We used guideline-based and inductively-derived criteria for AP content analysis. For format analysis, we applied recognized evidence-based formatting standards for printed educational material. We also calculated the Flesch-Kincaid readability scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 63 unique COPD APs from seven countries. Information on the development methods was available in only seven (11%) APs, and only one included patients in development. 4/58 (7%) APs identified from sources other than RCTs had been formally evaluated (all as part of larger complex interventions). In AP content, we found inconsistency in definitions for the action point requiring treatment, in treatment instructions (eg medication options, doses, and duration), and in lifestyle/behavior change cues. Formatting across APs was also variable, and APs met a mean of only 5.4 ± 1.2 out of 8 core formatting principles for printed education material design. The average Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 6.5 ± 1.6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COPD APs are recommended across guidelines but are seldom implemented. Our novel analysis of internationally available COPD APs reveals that there are several intrinsic factors related to their development, evaluation, content, and format that may be contributing to this care gap. A uniform user preference-based COPD AP with expert consensus on content, and with usability/format optimization should be developed and evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"571223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13006551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms, Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacoeconomics of Low-Dose, Long-Term Macrolide Antibiotics in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review.","authors":"Jirong Wu, De'an Wu, Hejing Wang, Jing Liu, Yanfei Chen","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S561395","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S561395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is usually associated with abnormal airways and/or alveoli caused by exposure to toxic particles or gases. In addition to their traditional anti-infective effects, macrolide antibiotics, when administered for long courses, may improve respiratory function, clinical outcomes, and quality of life in COPD patients, as well as reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD. For example, continuous azithromycin treatment for 1 year can reduce the annual frequency of acute exacerbations from 1.83 to 1.48 episodes, making it of great value in the treatment of COPD. However, macrolide antibiotics have potential adverse drug reactions, such as cardiotoxicity, diarrhea, and hearing impairment. Long-term use can also induce antibiotic resistance, which limits their widespread application. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomics of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of COPD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing individualized treatment strategies for COPD. For patients with frequent acute exacerbations or severe COPD, long-term treatment with azithromycin (500 mg, three times a week) is recommended; for patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease risks, electrocardiographic monitoring and risk assessment before treatment are suggested. Elderly patients or those on long-term medication need regular hearing tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"561395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13006330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Remote Assessment of Physical Capacities of Patients with COPD, Feasibility and Learning Effect of the 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS).","authors":"Espérance Moine, Nicolas Oliver, François Alexandre, Virginie Molinier, Florine Barbaste, Maurice Hayot, Nelly Heraud","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S554786","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S554786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>With the rise of telehealth and telemonitoring respiratory chronic diseases, having a simple and reliable remote physical capacity assessment test is an important issue. The 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (5STS) is a good candidate, but two aspects must be studied before considering its remote implementation, the assessment of a learning effect (LE) which conditions administration and interpretation of the test, and its feasibility via videoconference.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>40 stable patients with COPD were enrolled. From home, they performed 5STS tests during three visits (V1-V3) of five trials (T1-T5), each with a 5-min rest period. V2 took place 24-48h after V1 and V3 took place one month later. To assess remote feasibility, reasons for non-inclusion related to digital technology use, connection failures, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were recorded. LE was assessed by timing the 5STS tests performed at each visit and corresponds to an improvement in performance over repeated trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse events were reported. 19% of patients were not enrolled due to a hardware issue or insufficient computer skills. 3% of visits were cancelled due to connection/camera failure. Test acceptability showed an overall satisfaction rate of 96%. Repeatability was excellent with ICC [CI95] of 0.91 [0.85-0.95] at V1; 0.98 [0.96-0.99] at V2; and 0.95 [0.91-0.97] at V3. The smallest detectable change at 95% was 0.99 seconds. Friedman ANOVA of V1 confirmed a LE, with significant differences between the first trial (V1T1) and V1T3, V1T4 and V1T5, and between V1T2 and V1T5 (all p<0.01). The median difference between V1T1 and V1T5 was -1.50 [-2.09/-0.81] seconds. Inter-visit comparison between V1 and V2 showed no difference between V1T5 and any of the trials in V2, confirming a stabilisation of LE after five trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The remote 5STS is a feasible, safe, and reliable test. Performing five trials is essential to monitor the LE and to avoid underestimating initial physical condition of COPD patients at the start of an exercise training programme.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05852821.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"554786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13006348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico Lung Deposition Profiles of Three Single-Inhaler Triple Therapies in Patients with COPD Using Functional Respiratory Imaging [Letter].","authors":"Enrico Zambelli, Louise Warner, Jennifer Richards, Rachel Malone, Alessio Piraino","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S594789","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S594789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"21 ","pages":"594789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}