Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache最新文献

{"title":"The application of acupuncture in the management of neuropathic orofacial pain: a narrative literature review.","authors":"Dan Pan, Yuxiang Pan, Xiao Wang, Hui Wang, Yunyun Lyu, Pan Yang","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.044","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP), which includes conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, burning mouth syndrome, and temporomandibular disorders, poses a significant clinical challenge. This difficulty arises primarily from its diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and the limited efficacy of conventional treatments. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying NOP while also evaluating the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with a particular focus on acupuncture, as an integrative therapeutic approach. Emerging clinical studies suggest that acupuncture holds significant potential in alleviating NOP symptoms. Acupuncture effectively manages NOP by combining local (<i>e.g.</i>, TE21 (Erheliao), ST7 (Xiaguan), SI18 (Quanliao)) and distal (<i>e.g.</i>, LI4 (Hegu), PC6 (Neiguan)) acupoints. Local points relieve pain and improve circulation, while distal points enhance systemic neuromodulation. This integrative approach optimizes pain regulation and neuroinflammatory control, making acupuncture a promising NOP treatment. Various acupuncture techniques and point stimulation methods, whether used independently or as complementary therapies, have demonstrated both safety and efficacy, ranging from traditional practices to more modern innovations. However, the precise mechanisms by which acupuncture exerts its effects in managing NOP remain unclear and warrant further exploration. While interest in TCM and acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain has grown considerably, the evidence specifically addressing NOP remains limited and fragmented. Currently, there are no established protocols or clear clinical guidelines for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of NOP. To bridge this gap, future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach and implement rigorous experimental designs to deepen our understanding of acupuncture's underlying mechanisms. Such efforts could provide the foundation for developing standardized protocols, ultimately enhancing acupuncture's utility as an effective therapeutic option for individuals coping with NOP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional causality between female reproductive traits and temporomandibular disorders.","authors":"Lihan Xu, Xiaofu Yang, Cheng Shu, Yuying Wang, Miao Sun, Mengfei Yu","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.058","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, particularly in females of reproductive age, but it remains unclear if TMD and female reproductive traits directly influence each other. Previous studies have suggested links between reproductive factors, such as the menstrual cycle and menopause, and TMD, yet any causal link is unconfirmed. This study seeks to delineate the reciprocal causal interplay between female reproductive traits and TMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was applied to assess five reproductive traits-age at menarche, first sexual intercourse, first birth, last birth, and menopause-considering TMD as the outcome in one analysis and the exposure in the reverse. Statistical methods, including the inverse variance-weighted method, MR Egger, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analyses, were used to examine pleiotropy and heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Later age at first sexual intercourse (odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.37-0.71, <i>p</i> = 6.46 × 10^-5), first birth (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and last birth (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.009) were identified to be protective against TMD. No significant associations emerged for age at menarche or menopause. However, TMD onset may contribute to delayed menarche (Beta = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.035) without affecting other reproductive traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genetically determined later timing of first sexual intercourse, first birth, and last birth may protect against TMD, while TMD onset may delay menarche, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between reproductive timing and TMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic orofacial pain and psychological distress: findings from a multidisciplinary university clinic.","authors":"Parvaneh Badri, Ivonne Hernández, Justin Long, Maryam Amin, Reid Friesen","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.057","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic orofacial pain (COFP) is a complex condition that requires multidisciplinary management grounded in the biopsychosocial model. This study examined the associations between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headache symptoms and psychological factors within a university-based multidisciplinary care setting, providing insight into the integration of mental health in COFP management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 162 patient records from the University of Alberta Multidisciplinary Orofacial Pain Clinic (2020-2023) was conducted. Psychological assessments included the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between psychological factors and pain severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort (aged 13-93) was predominantly female (84.0%). Fifteen percent declined psychological measures. Significant associations were observed between PCS (<i>p</i> = 0.036) and IEQ (<i>p</i> = 0.005) scores and reported pain severity. Moderate-to-high PCS scores were associated with a 3.67-fold increase in the odds of moderate to severe TMD symptoms (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.67, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09-12.35), while high PCS scores predicted severe headaches (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.50-10.17, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Elevated IEQ scores were similarly associated with increased odds of severe headaches (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.08-7.05, <i>p</i> = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological factors such as pain catastrophizing and perceived injustice are strongly associated with symptom severity of TMD and headache symptoms in COFP. These findings underscore the importance of integrating targeted psychological assessments into multidisciplinary care. Further research should explore barriers to implementation and advance biopsychosocial approaches to improve outcomes for patients with COFP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between clinical symptoms and MRI findings in temporomandibular joint disorders: a preliminary study.","authors":"Ecem Sancar, Dilek Yılmaz, Safak Parlak, Elif G Bulut, Gozde Ozer, Nur E Hersek","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.059","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (such as condylar degeneration, disc displacement, joint effusion and disc deformity) and clinical symptoms in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 54 patients (108 temporomandibular joints (TMJs)) were included. Clinical evaluations assessed joint pain, joint sounds, mouth opening limitations, deviation/deflection and locking. MRI scans were analyzed for condylar degeneration, disc displacement (disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) or disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR)), joint effusion, and disc morphology. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests/Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. A <i>p</i> value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DDWR and DDWOR were significantly associated with joint pain (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and sounds (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Joint effusion demonstrated no clear correlation with clinical symptoms. Condylar degeneration was frequently observed but had limited clinical impact, except for a reduction in joint sounds (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Moreover, disc deformity was significantly correlated with condylar degeneration and joint effusion (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRI findings provide valuable insights into the structural changes observed in TMDs. Although disc displacement is strongly linked to pain and joint sounds, condylar degeneration and effusion exhibit more complex relationships with clinical symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"172-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family history of bruxism: a case-control study based on the ecological momentary assessment of awake bruxism.","authors":"Ovidiu Ionut Saracutu, Matteo Pollis, Luca Guarda-Nardini, Alessandro Bracci, Daniele Manfredini","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.056","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In everyday clinical practice, the screening of specific genes for awake bruxism (AB) is not a sustainable and feasible practice; most of the time, the only information that clinicians can rely on is investigating the family history of bruxism. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between the reported history and AB frequency. The aim of the present paper is to assess the existence of any differences in the frequency of self-reported AB behaviors between healthy young individuals with and without a positive report of family history of bruxism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited within the community of the University of Siena by advertising the possibility of taking part in the investigation through the academic website and mail. All the participants performed a seven-day monitoring of the frequency of self-reported AB via the ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Moreover, for the assessment of bruxism family history, participants were asked to fill out a short questionnaire taken from the Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample was composed of 117 individuals (32 males and 85 females, mean age 22.3 ± 2.3). Of the total amount of participants, 48.7% reported a positive family history of bruxism. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference in the reported frequency of all AB behaviors (<i>i.e.</i>, teeth contact, mandible bracing, teeth clenching, teeth grinding) between the two groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, no significant difference in the frequency of AB behaviors was present between individuals with a positive report of family history in first-degree relatives compared to second-degree relatives (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these findings, clinicians are recommended to not underestimate a positive family history of bruxism, as it can be an indicator of an ongoing AB.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective evaluation of the clinical efficacy of occlusal splint therapy combined with manual therapy in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction.","authors":"Jingke Gu, Yukang Zhang, Wanghui Ding, Shuyan Liu","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.055","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated occlusal splint combined with manual therapy in patients diagnosed with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 65 adult patients with ADDwoR, treated between March 2022 and March 2023, were reviewed and allocated into three treatment groups based on the interventions they received, namely, occlusal splint therapy alone (n = 22), occlusal splint therapy combined with manual therapy (n = 22), or health education alone (n = 21). All participants received standardized health education. Clinical outcomes, including Maximum Mouth Opening (MMO), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), were assessed at baseline and one and three months post-treatment by blinded evaluators. Statistical analyses were conducted using Python with Welch's analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA, and significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar among the three groups (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). At the three-month follow-up, no significant changes were observed in the health education group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In contrast, both the occlusal splint group and the combined treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in MMO, VAS and MFIQ scores at both one and three months compared to baseline (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the combined treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in all measured outcomes than the splint-only group at each follow-up, with the most substantial differences observed at the three-month follow-up (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This short-term non-randomized retrospective study suggests that combining CAD/CAM-fabricated occlusal splint therapy with manual therapy yielded superior pain relief and functional improvement compared to splint therapy alone or health education in patients with ADDwoR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between pain, anxiety and depression and mindfulness in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jing He, Junjiang Liu, Xin Ye, Mingjia Hu, Ning Xiao, Jia Li, Yansong Song, Fanglong Wu, Fan Liu","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.053","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral mucosa, often accompanied by psychological comorbidities. Higher levels of mindfulness have been associated with reduced pain and fewer emotional symptoms in some chronic pain conditions, but its role in BMS remains inadequately explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>146 patients diagnosed with BMS, according to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition, were recruited from the Department of Oral Medicine at a stomatology hospital. Mindfulness, pain intensity and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, visual analog scale, and self-report screening tools, respectively. Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between mindfulness and levels of pain, anxiety, and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mindfulness showed significant negative correlations with pain (<i>r</i> = -0.204, <i>p</i> < 0.05), anxiety (<i>r</i> = -0.309, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and depression (<i>r</i> = -0.299, <i>p</i> < 0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, higher overall mindfulness remained significantly associated with lower pain intensity (β = -0.268, <i>p</i> < 0.05), although the associations with anxiety and depression were no longer statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Among the mindfulness facets, higher scores on the \"describing\" facet were associated with reduced pain intensity (β = -0.231, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, higher scores on the \"non-judging\" (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.871, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and \"non-reactivity\" (OR = 0.869, <i>p</i> < 0.05) facets were associated with fewer anxiety symptoms, while the \"acting-with-awareness\" facet was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.869, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall mindfulness level and the \"describing\" facet appear to be associated with pain severity, whereas the \"non-judging\" and \"non-reactivity\" facets are related to anxiety symptoms, and the \"acting-with-awareness\" facet is linked to depressive symptoms, suggesting that mindfulness-based interventions may offer a beneficial approach in the management of BMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep apnea and orofacial pain: an integrative clinical perspective.","authors":"Karthikeya Patil, Mahesh Kaggare Puttaraju, Ritu Basavarajappa","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.046","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate interrelationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and orofacial pain represents a significant clinical challenge that necessitates comprehensive understanding and management. This review elucidates the bidirectional pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these comorbid conditions, wherein OSA demonstrates prevalence rates of 2-9% in adults, with marked gender dimorphism, while orofacial pain conditions affect 10-20% of individuals during their lifetime. The manuscript delineates how sleep-disordered breathing induces compensatory neuromuscular responses, manifesting as increased masticatory muscle activity and nocturnal bruxism, which subsequently precipitates or exacerbates temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and associated orofacial pain syndromes. Furthermore, chronic orofacial pain can reciprocally impact sleep architecture, potentially exacerbating sleep-disordered breathing through disrupted jaw mechanics and altered muscle tone. The neurological interface between these conditions involves central nervous system modulation of nociceptive input, contributing to heightened pain sensitivity. Management strategies necessitate a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliances, physical therapy and behavioral interventions, underscoring the importance of concurrent treatment modalities for optimal therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between vasovagal syncope and migraine: a case-control study among Lebanese patients.","authors":"Maryline Aouad, Jean Daher, Rita Boulos, Nicole Tannous, Yara Yahchouchi, Souheil Hallit, Kamal Kallab","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.047","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the association between migraines and vasovagal syncope (VVS), focusing on shared autonomic dysfunction mechanisms in a Middle Eastern population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a case-control design, 163 participants (57 with migraines and 106 controls) were assessed through validated tools, including the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable analyses results demonstrated a significant association between migraines and VVS, with migraine patients exhibiting nearly threefold higher odds of VVS. Gender differences were pronounced, with females displaying higher susceptibility. Additional drug use and comorbid conditions were also significant factors. Interestingly, the MIDAS score was not found to be significantly correlated with VVS, highlighting the intricacy of autonomic dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underline that screening for autonomic dysfunction must be conducted in migraine patients and that gender-specific approaches should be adopted in their clinical management. Further research is needed to study the causative pathways and to validate these findings in a large and varied population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota, probiotics, and migraine: a clinical review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Olga Grodzka, Izabela Domitrz","doi":"10.22514/jofph.2025.043","DOIUrl":"10.22514/jofph.2025.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine is a primary headache disorder affecting about 14% of the global population. The knowledge about migraine pathophysiology is increasing constantly; however, there are still many unknowns and uncertainties. Intestinal microbiota builds the gut environment together with metabolites and the immune system. Its connections with disorders outside the digestive system have been described, mainly neuropsychiatric diseases, due to the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, it is suggested that migraine is also correlated with changes in the microbiome. The review aimed to summarize the available literature related to the topic. We performed an electronic article search through the Embase Database and PubMed Database, and included 14 articles after analysis under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials summarizing probiotics' effect on migraine prevention was conducted based on the same guidelines and resulted in including 2 adequate trials. Microbiome alterations have been observed in migraine patients with an influence on clinical presentation. Preclinical studies suggested a direct connection between migraine and microbiome changes. The meta-analysis has shown the influence of probiotics on migraine frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.003; Hedges' <i>g</i> = 1.22; standard error (SE) = 0.41), and no impact on migraine severity (<i>p</i> = 0.069; Hedges' <i>g</i> = 1.10; SE = 0.61) and attacks' duration (<i>p</i> = 0.149; Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.18; SE = 0.15). However, the former was close to the statistical significance. The following work demonstrates a correlation between migraine and microbiome, which has a putative positive impact on migraine management. Moreover, probiotic supplementation can alleviate migraine symptoms. However, the main limitation is the limited number of studies, together with high heterogeneity and limited methodological consistency in the meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache","volume":"39 3","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}