The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Is it time to revisit the recommendations for initiation of menopausal hormone therapy?","authors":"Sasha Taylor, Susan R Davis","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies led to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) guidelines generally recommending the initiation of MHT be limited to women within 10 years of their menopause or before the age of 60 years. This recommendation has led to women who experience troublesome menopausal symptoms and who have not commenced MHT within these limits often being denied this type of therapy. Similarly, the majority of women who might benefit from the protective effects of MHT against bone loss and fracture are not offered this treatment option if they do not fit with these criteria. Based on review of the evidence that led to the conditional initiation of MHT, and subsequent studies, we propose that the recommendations regarding the initiation of MHT need to change to be more inclusive of women outside these chronological limits.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ exfoliating graphene to anchor and modulate crystal planes of Mo2C NPs for hydrogen production","authors":"Lu Liu, Shaoyang Zhang, Ruihua Zhao, Guoli Liu, Jianping Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.158","url":null,"abstract":"An economical and efficient noble metal-free catalyst is necessary for large-scale hydrogen production. Here, Mo₂C nanoparticles (NPs) were well-dispersed on the surface of 2D graphene nanosheets by in-situ propping oxide graphene (GO) layers, anchoring molybdate ions between GO layers and pyrolysis. The exposed crystal planes were also adjusted by above strategy. The results indicate that uniform and well-dispersed Mo₂C NPs with a narrow size distribution were anchored on 2D rGO nanosheets and exposed dual crystal planes. The results of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) show that the optimal Mo₂C/rGO catalyst only needs low overpotential (<em>η</em>₁₀, 112 mV) to drive 10 mA cm^-2 in alkaline solution, and <em>η</em>₁₀ only increased by 12 mV after 1000 cycles test, indicating high activity and stability for HER. Notably, the overpotential is below than that of Pt/C commercial catalyst when current density is more than 100 mA cm^-1. The excellent performance is benefit from low hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔG_H*) on the Mo₂C catalyst. Therefore, the proposed strategy is efficient to prepare well-dispersed and dual crystal planes-exposed Mo₂C NPs for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exfoliated MoS2 anchored on graphene oxide nanosheets for enhancing thermoelectric properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Yusheng Wang, Duo Jiang, Xiaoliang Ma, Yunfei Zhang, Ping Fu, Feipeng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.174","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes-based thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity (<em>σ</em>) and excellent mechanical properties have promising applications in flexible wearable devices. Two-dimensional transition metal sulfide MoS₂ has been used to enhance the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotubes due to its high Seebeck coefficient (<em>S</em>). However, MoS₂ nanosheets are prone to agglomeration due to their high specific surface area, which causes lower doping efficiency. In this work, MoS₂@GO hybrids are successfully fabricated using a hydrothermal in-situ growth method to anchor exfoliated MoS₂ on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and MoS₂@GO hybrids significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between MoS₂ and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), improve the carrier mobility, lead to a simultaneous enhancement of the <em>S</em> and the <em>σ</em>. The maximum <em>S</em> value of MoS₂@GO/SWCNT is 42.3 ± 0.2 μV K^-1, the <em>σ</em> is 1173.2 ± 45.6 S cm^-1, and an optimum power factor (<em>PF)</em> of 208.8 ± 8.5 μW m^-1 K^-2 is obtained at room temperature, which reaches 261.3 ± 10.2 μW m^-1 K^-2 at 385 K. For application demonstration, a thermoelectric device is assembled by connecting six pairs of p-type MoS₂@GO/SWCNT and n-type copper sheets in series, which demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 17.4 mV and an output power of 2.1 μW under a temperature difference of 50 K. Therefore, this study enriches the design and synthesis strategy of exfoliated MoS₂ and provides a new approach for the development of high-performance SWCNT-based thermoelectric materials, which has important potential applications in the field of wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile strength of MgO-graphite based refractories: effect of anisotropy and specimen size","authors":"Antonio H. de Aza, Patricia Acosta, Esther Quirós, Juan F. Almagro, Carmen Baudín","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970´s: materials that resist thanks to \"in situ\" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter=18 mm, width=8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness modulation influenced mechanical properties of TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx multilayer coatings","authors":"Yuchun Tu, Junjie Li, Yanyan Yuan, JiaoLing Zhao, Azfar Hameed, Chao Yan, Hui Chen, Rui Lan, Benyuan Cheng, Peipei Wang, Wei Wang, Xiuguang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.150","url":null,"abstract":"A novel TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N_<em>x</em> multilayer coating, consisting of the high-entropy alloy nitride and the binary nitride was prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Detailed investigation about the microstructure and mechanical attributes of the multilayer films was conducted, with particular emphasis on the influence of high entropy nitride (HEN) modulation layer’s thickness. The results reveal that all samples exhibited a face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal structure with a (111) preferred orientation. Notably, the hardness and elastic modulus of multilayer films increase with increase of the HEN layer’s thickness. When the thickness of the HEN layer reached 4.8 nm, the hardness and elastic modulus of the TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N_<em>x</em> multilayer reached the maximum values of 25.33 GPa and 311.95 GPa, respectively. These results indicate the key role of the HEN layer as a modulation layer within the coating, ultimately demonstrating the importance of thickness on the structure and properties of TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N_<em>x</em> nanomultilayer films.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of Cubic Spinel ferrites and their Potential biomedical applications","authors":"Siddikha Sultana Liyakath Ali, Satheesh Selvaraj, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, Ankush Chauhan, Garima Rana, Susmitha Kalaichelvan, Arunkumar Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.084","url":null,"abstract":"Cubic spinel ferrites have developed significant attention in materials science owing to their distinctive characteristics and diverse applications. The present review emphasizes on the cubic spinel ferrites fabricated via green synthesis routes focusing on their structural characteristics and their influence on the potential biomedical applications. Various green synthesis approaches, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, microwave irradiated, microorganism and plant-mediated methods, are discussed in detail, highlighting their eco-friendly approach allows for the fabrication of ferrites with customizable properties. Metal conjugate ferrites such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, cobalt, copper, nickel, and magnetite are synthesized using these green routes, highlighting the versatility and efficacy of green synthesis techniques in materials fabrication. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of cubic spinel ferrites are elucidated, illustrating their utility in cancer therapy, antibacterial properties, biosensing and drug delivery systems. This review emphasizes the importance of using green chemistry principles and natural resources to advance sustainable material development methods, as well as fully utilizing cubic spinel ferrites in various medicinal domains to enhance innovation and tackle global challenges in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanical properties of reaction-bonded silicon carbide using atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation","authors":"V. Lapitskaya, T. Kuznetsova, P. Grinchuk, A. Khabarava, S. Chizhik","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.148","url":null,"abstract":"Reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) ceramics have been produced using advanced technology for the production of space mirrors. Changing the volume content of SiC (from 78 to 93%) in the ceramic’s composition allows for improved the mechanical properties, which is achieved by a combination of the SiC and Si phases properties. In this work, a thorough study of the structure and micromechanical properties of individual SiC and Si phases for RB-SiC ceramics (with a SiC content of 78 to 93 vol.%) was carried out at the micro- and nanolevel using atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. The studies have shown the crack resistance limit each phase (an important factor for RB-SiC space mirrors) under mechanical loads, after which microcracks appear (sources of further degradation and destruction). The surface morphology, deformation area and crack propagation in each phase after exposure to mechanical load during indentation were studied using atomic force microscopy. Nanomechanical mapping of elastic modulus and microhardness on the surface, analysis of boundaries between phases (SiC and Si), assessment of mutual influence of phases and determination of micromechanical properties were carried out using the nanoindentation method. The fracture toughness <em>K</em>_IC was determined using an improved indentation method with visualization of the deformation areas using atomic force microscopy. The highest values of microhardness <em>H</em>, elastic modulus <em>E</em> and fracture toughness <em>K</em>_IC on the SiC and Si phases were obtained on a ceramic sample with 93 vol. % SiC: for the SiC phase – <em>E</em>=486 GPa, <em>H</em>=35.6 GPa, <em>K</em>_IC=5.03 MPa m^1/2, for the Si phase – <em>E</em>=205 GPa, <em>H</em>=12.2 GPa, <em>K</em>_IC=2.73 MPa m^1/2. This study demonstrated the efficiency and possibility of using the atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation to determine the micromechanical properties of ceramics at the micro- and nanolevel.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ZnO Variation on Glass Characteristics: Physical, Mechanical Properties and Radiation Shielding","authors":"Mohamed Y. Hanfi, M.I. Sayyed, M. Rashad, K.A. Mahmoud, Yasser Maghrbi","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.156","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of different ZnO concentrations on the mechanical and radiation shielding characteristics of a glass series that is fabricated using the melt quenching method, where x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol.% and the chemical formula is (75-x) B₂O₃-15Na₂O+5CuO+(5+x) ZnO. The physical and mechanical properties of the prepared glass samples were investigated, where the increase in ZnO concentration between 5.00 mol.% and 35.00 mol.% increases the prepared glass density between 2.319 and 3.032 mol.%, respectively. Additionally, the Makishima-Makinze model was used to examine the mechanical properties of prepared glass samples. The elastic moduli reduced with increasing the substitution of B₂O₃ by ZnO, where the increase in ZnO concentration between 5.00 wt.% and 35.00 wt.% reduces the micro-hardness between 5.279-4.578 GPa. Furthermore, the NaI(Tl) detector was used to examine the radiation shielding properties of prepared glass samples. The measurements show an enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient of prepared glass samples with increasing the ZnO content, where the increase in the ZnO concentration between 5.00 and 35.00 mol.% increases the linear attenuation coefficient by 29.927 %, 25.919 %, 30.917 %, 34.529 %, and 43.942 %, respectively at gamma-ray energies of 0.511, 0.662, 1.173, 1.275, and 1.332 MeV.The increase in the linear attenuation coefficient enhances the radiation protection efficiency of prepared samples and decreases the half-value layer for the prepared glass samples.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic effect of diamond particle size on thermal expansion of Cu-B/diamond composite","authors":"Jinpeng Hao, Yongjian Zhang, Xiangyu Zhu, Ning Li, Jingjie Dai, Xitao Wang, Moon J. Kim, Hailong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.151","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond particles reinforced Cu matrix (Cu/diamond) composites have promising applications for heat dissipation of high-power electronic devices because of their high thermal conductivity and suitable coefficient of thermal expansion. The effect of diamond particle size on thermal conductivity has been addressed; however, the effect of diamond particle size on thermal expansion still needs to be clarified. In this study, Cu-B/diamond composites with various diamond particle sizes ranging from 66 μm to 701 μm were fabricated to assess the impact of diamond particle size on the thermal expansion behavior. The composites exhibit low and adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values of 4.58-6.63 × 10^-6 K^-1, which align with 4-8 × 10^-6 K^-1 of widely employed semiconductors. The CTE of the Cu-B/diamond composites first decreases and then increases with increasing diamond particle size, which arises from a synergetic effect of interfacial bonding strength and matrix strengthening effect. As the diamond particle size is smaller than 272 μm, the interfacial bonding strength rises with increasing particle size, enabling the diamond particles to restrain the expansion of the Cu matrix more effectively and to reduce the CTE. As the diamond particle size exceeds 272 μm, the dislocation density in the Cu matrix continually decreases with increasing particle size, reducing the strength increment in the Cu matrix and increasing the CTE. The effect of thermal cycling on the thermal expansion of the Cu-B/diamond composites was also investigated, and all the composites showed an increase in the CTE after 100 thermal cycles. Notably, the composite with 272 μm diamond particle size exhibits the lowest CTE increment. It shows a CTE value of 5.29 × 10^-6 K^-1 after thermal cycling, still compatible with the semiconductors for electronic packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-mechanical properties, hydroxyapatite conversion, biodegradability and antibacterial activity studies of melt-derived BGs based on SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 quaternary system","authors":"Fulong Li, Ping Liu, Jiaqi Jiang, Linghui Kong, Xiaohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.162","url":null,"abstract":"The slow biodegradation and low hydroxyapatite (HA) conversion of silicate-based bioactive glasses (BGs) have severely limited their compatibility with biological tissues. To address these challenges, four samples in the form of (52-x)SiO₂-24Na₂O-24CaO-xP₂O₅, where x is 2, 4, 6, and 8 mol%, were prepared by a unified melt-quenching method, and the feasibility of P₂O₅ content fine-tuning in improving glass structure, biodegradability, bioactivity, and antibacterial efficiency was evaluated. The results indicated that as the degree of P₂O₅ substitution increased, the network structure of the glass became looser, which provided favourable conditions for its degradation. The variation in activation energy for Si⁴⁺ ion release from 0.39 eV to 0.25 eV also supported this observation. After 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), analyses by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed that the Ca-P compounds deposited on the glass surfaces were essentially hydroxycarbonated apatite (HCA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the generation rate of the HCA were positively correlated with the P₂O₅ content in the glass system. Meanwhile, antibacterial studies showed that after 24 h of incubation, the antibacterial activity of the four glass samples against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) successively increased, with the highest percentage reaching 87.13 ± 2.51%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that controllable degradation and high-level bioactivity can be achieved by modulating the P₂O₅ content in silicate-based BGs, which proves to be an effective and practicable strategy.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}