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Data Laws Around the Globe – Insights, Frictions and Opportunities. Highlights from the African Data Protection Laws Conference in Accra, Ghana, 13-15 September 2022 and Comparative Data Law Conference in Munich, Germany, 7-8 December 2023 全球数据法律--洞察、摩擦和机遇。2022 年 9 月 13-15 日在加纳阿克拉举行的非洲数据保护法会议和 2023 年 12 月 7-8 日在德国慕尼黑举行的比较数据法会议的要点
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikae093
Clemens Spirkl
{"title":"Data Laws Around the Globe – Insights, Frictions and Opportunities. Highlights from the African Data Protection Laws Conference in Accra, Ghana, 13-15 September 2022 and Comparative Data Law Conference in Munich, Germany, 7-8 December 2023","authors":"Clemens Spirkl","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikae093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With sheer petabytes of data being transferred, re-used, and analysed daily on a global scale, data sharing ecosystems worldwide – bearing economic and societal benefits at the same time – have become hyper-complex. Lawmakers and enforcement agencies have to match the speed of the ‘moving target’ data-related regulation and cope with the challenge of not only sticking to a domestic view, but (by design) also take account of the international and comparative effects of their respective policies. Globally, we see processes of convergence and divergence alike. Taking it therefore a step further: Are we already on the verge of a truly Global Data Law or are competing legal regimes rather bound to exacerbate the geopolitical claims to digital sovereignty? This two-fold report presents the findings of two conferences which examined the issues arising from this question. The conferences featured distinguished experts from multi-disciplinary legal backgrounds on data policy and law. While the first conference in Accra, Ghana, was devoted to data protection architectures and cultures on the African continent, the second – in Munich, Germany – provided holistic insights into comparative research and highlighted the interdependencies of data (protection) law regimes worldwide.","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opt-Out Implied Licenses in Copyright Law: from Search Engines to GPAI Models 版权法中的选择退出默示许可:从搜索引擎到 GPAI 模型
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikae088
Hongjiao Zhang, Yahong Li
{"title":"Opt-Out Implied Licenses in Copyright Law: from Search Engines to GPAI Models","authors":"Hongjiao Zhang, Yahong Li","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikae088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikae088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traditionally, the doctrine of implied license is consistent with the default of copyright law, because it requires evidence of a clear grant. Currently, US and German courts have implicitly applied an extended doctrine of implied licenses in the search engine context: opt-out implied licenses. This article calls for legislative recognition of opt-out implied licenses and identifies the unique mechanism and independent position in copyright law. Furthermore, two criteria, i.e. efficiency and balance, are proposed to assess the applicability of the doctrine. The proposed criteria can guide legislators in crafting legal norms that the opt-out implied license applies in specific contexts. On this basis, this article makes the case that opt-out implied licenses have some implications for training general-purpose AI models (hereinafter ‘GPAI models’) using copyrighted materials and that the proposed criteria can help better design and improve the law.","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"108 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Untapped Potential of Patent Law in Deterring Environmentally Unsustainable Innovation 专利法在阻止环境不可持续创新方面尚未开发的潜力
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikae067
Giorgio Spedicato
{"title":"The Untapped Potential of Patent Law in Deterring Environmentally Unsustainable Innovation","authors":"Giorgio Spedicato","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikae067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite the common belief that the granting of a patent is a neutral act, patent protection is intended to encourage technological innovations that are acceptable from an ethical point of view: in fact, both international and supranational legislation exclude from patentability inventions whose commercial exploitation would be contrary to ordre public, a notion that certainly encompasses also the prevention of serious damage to the environment. However, the provisions excluding the patentability of inventions whose commercial exploitation is contrary to ordre public (and in particular to environmental ordre public) have rarely been applied in Europe. After outlining the reasons why ordre public exceptions have had very limited application in Europe so far, the paper offers a new perspective through which such exceptions should be interpreted and suggests how patent offices can play a new and more decisive role in promoting environmentally sustainable innovation.","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Striking a Balance Between Trade Mark Rights and Artistic Freedom 在商标权与艺术自由之间取得平衡
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikae013
{"title":"Striking a Balance Between Trade Mark Rights and Artistic Freedom","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikae013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parody of Audio-Visual Works 音像作品的戏仿
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad143
{"title":"Parody of Audio-Visual Works","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Of Geographical Indications and Wars: What the Specifications Tell Us about the Impact of Military Conflicts on French PDOs 地理标志与战争:关于军事冲突对法国 PDO 的影响,规范告诉我们什么?
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad141
Anastasiia Kyrylenko
{"title":"Of Geographical Indications and Wars: What the Specifications Tell Us about the Impact of Military Conflicts on French PDOs","authors":"Anastasiia Kyrylenko","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Historical developments such as wars significantly impact geographical indications (GIs) and their terroir. Wars can destroy vineyards, dismantle production tools or deprive agriculture of its workforce by mobilising civilians. However, academic literature often approaches the impact of wars on GIs as anecdotal evidence rather than an object of study. This article aims to fill this research gap by examining the impact of World War I (WW1) and World War II (WW2) on French protected designations of origin (PDOs). This is done by applying quantitative and qualitative research methods to the specifications of all French PDOs that were registered in the European Union as of 23 November 2022. A total of 43 PDOs affected either by WW1, by WW2, or by both were identified. While the research understandably identifies mostly negative impacts (e.g., manpower shortage or production decline), one unexpected finding is that wars also had a positive impact on some French PDOs, including an increase in consumption and a growth in reputation beyond the original region of production.","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"105 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Top Ten Intellectual Property Cases in Chinese Courts in 2022 2022 年中国法院十大知识产权案件
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad138
{"title":"Top Ten Intellectual Property Cases in Chinese Courts in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"35 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clarifying the Notions of Data Controllers, Personal and Household Activities 澄清数据控制者、个人和家庭活动的概念
GRUR international Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad139
{"title":"Clarifying the Notions of Data Controllers, Personal and Household Activities","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Copyright Exceptions and Limitation for the Use of Photographs for Reporting Purposes 为报道目的使用照片的版权例外和限制
GRUR international Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad123
{"title":"Copyright Exceptions and Limitation for the Use of Photographs for Reporting Purposes","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"51 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No-Challenge Clauses in an SEP Licensing Agreement as an Abuse of a Dominant Position SEP 许可协议中的禁止质疑条款滥用支配地位
GRUR international Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikad112
{"title":"No-Challenge Clauses in an SEP Licensing Agreement as an Abuse of a Dominant Position","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/grurint/ikad112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikad112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487734,"journal":{"name":"GRUR international","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138607009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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