Seminars in Speech and Language最新文献

{"title":"A Review of the Nature and Development of Humor Appreciation and Considerations for Teaching Humor to Autistic Persons.","authors":"Tiffany L Hutchins","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750814","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1750814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of humor is complex and heterogeneous within and across neurotypical and neurodivergent groups. Some autistics develop differences (not deficits) in humor appreciation, whereas others report difficulties \"getting the joke\" and identify this as in need of support. This is important because humor appreciation and comprehension are linked to psychological well-being and social success. This article describes the therapeutic potential for teaching humor comprehension to autistic persons and the benefit of broader education efforts to forge an understanding of the value of \"different senses of humor.\" The nature and development of humor comprehension in neurotypical development and autism are reviewed. Considerations for whether and how to teach humor comprehension are offered that maximize goodness-of-fit, prioritize autistic autonomy, and promote the sharing and appreciation of different kinds of \"funny.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 4","pages":"347-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance- and Theater-Based Interventions for Supporting Social Cognition and Social Communication in Autistic Youth: A Review and Theoretical Synthesis.","authors":"Rachel G McDonald,&nbsp;Sadaf Khawar,&nbsp;Nardin Yacoub,&nbsp;Mary Isaac Cargill,&nbsp;Matthew D Lerner,&nbsp;Erin Kang","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social skills interventions (SSIs) are commonly used to improve social functioning in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a condition characterized by differences in social cognition and social communication. Although more traditional SSIs have used knowledge-based, didactic instruction, recent research has explored the utility of performance-based SSIs, which use various activities to support implicit learning of social skills in supportive, enriched environments. This article reviews the extant literature evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of five performance-based SSIs using theater-based approaches on social cognition and social communication. Overall, this body of literature suggests social communication gains that include increased peer interactions, peer liking, and reciprocal friendships, as well as social cognitive gains in theory of mind and affect recognition. This review also discusses theoretical models that may help explain the emerging strengths of performance- and theater-based SSIs with underlying hypotheses related to the social communication and social cognitive differences in ASD. Limitations of performance-based SSIs in the evidence-base include several approaches in initial stages of research with small sample sizes and limited maintenance of effects. Future research should aim to bridge the research-to-practice gap and use more rigorous designs and more diverse samples, including those with cooccurring intellectual disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 4","pages":"255-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing to Pretend or \"Pretending\" to Play: Play in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Carol Westby","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit early delays and deficits in play. In infancy, they engage in unusual exploratory behaviors with toys. As toddlers, they are slow to develop functional play, and in preschool some children with ASD fail to develop symbolic play despite having the necessary cognitive and language skills. Furthermore, when children with ASD are engaged in play, they demonstrate less playfulness. This article reviews the literature on the characteristics of exploratory, functional, and symbolic/pretend play in children with ASD and possible reasons for their unusual patterns of play development. Increased quantity and quality of play are frequent therapeutic goals for children with ASD. If play interventions are to be successful, it is critical that speech-language pathologists have an adequate assessment of children's play skills. Several frameworks and tools appropriate for assessing play in typical children and children with ASD are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 4","pages":"331-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Manualized Intervention to Support Episodic Memory in Autistic Children: Elaborative Reminiscing Is Key.","authors":"Ashley Brien,&nbsp;Tiffany Hutchins","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Episodic memory (EM) is memory for past personal experiences. EM and social development are inextricably linked, and both are impacted in autistic persons. Parents of autistic children can be taught to engage in a unique conversational style (i.e., elaborative reminiscing) to support a child's memory and social development. This article discusses the importance of EM in autism and describes a new manualized caregiver training to support EM in autistic children. An uncontrolled pre-post study design was employed to test proof of concept. Results affirmed the potential of this intervention for increasing caregivers' elaborateness and improving children's EM in a family-centered, naturalistic way. Results suggest that further treatment development and examination of effectiveness are needed. We argue that these kinds of intervention are important: not only is EM theoretically potent for social cognitive development, it is essential for a sense of self-determination, social connection, and psychological well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 4","pages":"299-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> produces (p)ppGpp in response to the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol to prevent its potential bactericidal effect.","authors":"Jin Yang, Jessica T Barra, Danny K Fung, Jue D Wang","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics combat bacteria through their bacteriostatic (by growth inhibition) or bactericidal (by killing bacteria) action. Mechanistically, it has been proposed that bactericidal antibiotics trigger cellular damage, while bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress cellular metabolism. Here, we demonstrate how the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the antibiotic chloramphenicol can be attributed to an antibiotic-induced bacterial protective response: the stringent response. Chloramphenicol targets the ribosome to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. Intriguingly, we found that chloramphenicol becomes bactericidal in <i>B. subtilis</i> mutants unable to produce (p)ppGpp. We observed a similar (p)ppGpp-dependent bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol in the Gram-positive pathogen <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. In <i>B. subtilis</i>, chloramphenicol treatment induces (p)ppGpp accumulation through the action of the (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA. (p)ppGpp subsequently depletes the intracellular concentration of GTP and antagonizes GTP action. This GTP regulation is critical for preventing chloramphenicol from killing <i>B. subtilis</i>, as bypassing (p)ppGpp-dependent GTP regulation potentiates chloramphenicol killing, while reducing GTP synthesis increases survival. Finally, chloramphenicol treatment protects cells from the classical bactericidal antibiotic vancomycin, reminiscent of the clinical phenomenon of antibiotic antagonism. Taken together, our findings suggest a role of (p)ppGpp in the control of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria, which can be exploited to potentiate the efficacy of existing antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"40 1","pages":"101-113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75806256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Accuracy of Self-Ratings of Language in Adults with Aphasia and Non-Brain Injured Adults: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Sarah Arnett, Jennifer Mozeiko","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749432","url":null,"abstract":"Rating scales are frequently used in research and clinical practice with people with aphasia (PWA) to characterize communication in the home environment. However, it remains unclear whether responses provided on rating scales accurately reflect the communication that occurs. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of PWA's self-perceptions of verbal language use as measured by a rating scale and determine whether this accuracy is different from that of non-brain-injured (NBI) participants. Four PWA and four NBI participants completed a rating scale estimating their amount of verbal language production as compared with their communication partner. Audio recordings from participants' home environments were analyzed for proportion of words and conversational turns contributed by the participant, which were compared with rating scale estimates. Perceptions of verbal language output among both PWA and NBI participants showed variable accuracy, with discrepancies between estimates and objective data across both groups. The reliability of rating scales in quantifying language output appears questionable, suggesting they may not accurately represent naturalistic language environments of PWA. Additional research with larger sample sizes is warranted to investigate whether this trend is consistent across a larger population of individuals with aphasia.","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rationale for Economic Evaluation in Speech and Language: Cost, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness.","authors":"Jeffrey S Hoch,&nbsp;Bridgette P Smith,&nbsp;Jiyeong Kim,&nbsp;Carolyn S Dewa","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Economic evaluation studies the costs and outcomes of two or more alternative activities to estimate the relative efficiency of each course of action. Economic evaluation is both important and necessary in the management of speech and language issues. Economic evaluation can help focus attention on interventions that provide value for improving population health. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to fundamental economic concepts. Readers are also introduced to common issues when conducting economic evaluations and how to address them in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 3","pages":"208-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40620546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Therapy and Earnings: Economic Benefits for Individuals Who Stutter.","authors":"Patrick M Briley,&nbsp;Molly M Jacobs","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1748882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stuttering is a complex communication disorder with effects that extend beyond difficulty with communication. Negative thoughts and feelings by the person who stutters (PWS), about the disorder or themselves, may potentially lead to detrimental avoidance behaviors which may ultimately alter life choices and participation in life events. One such area is the labor market. Studies have revealed an association between stuttering and reduced earnings. What is not understood is whether provision of speech therapy for PWS can help mitigate the negative labor market impacts of this condition. This article discusses the disorder of stuttering and how approach versus avoidance responses can contribute to wage differentials among PWS, while also providing evidence of such differences using a nationally representative dataset. Additionally, this article outlines the potential benefits received from speech-language pathology services which may correlate with improved labor market outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 3","pages":"233-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40608508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Economics of Aphasia: Recent Findings from Speech and Language Research.","authors":"Molly Jacobs,&nbsp;Charles Ellis","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, stakeholders engaged in the study, treatment, and understanding of aphasia outcomes have emphasized the need for greater transparency regarding the economics of aphasia rehabilitation. Most notably, third-party payers and clinicians have a keen interest in understanding the resources used to treat aphasia, particularly the cost-effectiveness and value of aphasia treatments. In this article, we review the current literature related to the economic burden of aphasia and the cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments. To date, relatively few scholars have attempted to study the efficiency, scale, and scope related to the economics of aphasia and the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment. While studies of the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments have shown rehabilitative treatments conform to established quality and cost benchmarks, the continued progress and developments in the treatment of aphasia and measurement of clinical outcomes has left many areas unstudied. We highlight the need for greater emphasis on the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments in addition to the traditional focus on the efficacy of treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 3","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40620545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding How Older Adults with Communication Difficulties Access Health Services: What We Can Learn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).","authors":"Carolyn Baylor,&nbsp;Cait Brown,&nbsp;Tracy M Mroz,&nbsp;Michael Burns","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with communication disorders face barriers to accessing safe and respectful healthcare. These barriers result in increased healthcare complications and inefficiencies, both of which contribute to increased healthcare costs. One obstacle to advocating for accommodations that could improve healthcare for this population is the absence of cost effectiveness studies of such accommodations specifically, as well as a paucity of data defining the needs of this population in general. The purpose of this study was to explore how people with communication and swallowing difficulties are characterized in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older, and how they manage their healthcare. Cross-sectional data from the NHATS rounds 5 to 9 (2015-2019) resulted in 8,038 unique respondents, 3,243 of who reported speech, memory, hearing, and/or swallowing difficulties. More than 90% of respondents with communication difficulties reported having a regular doctor. Less than 60% of respondents with communication difficulties had a family member or caregiver go to medical appointments with them, and around 70% of that subset of participants received help from that caregiver with communication during appointments. Fewer than 15% of respondents with communication difficulties used the internet for healthcare communication or information. Less than 5% of respondents across all communication difficulty categories had received rehabilitation services for communication in the year prior to their survey responses. While the information gleaned from NHATS points to likely gaps between the needs people with communication disorders may have for safe and accessible healthcare, and the support available, future research is needed to improve and clarify how communication disorders are defined and characterized in large-scale surveys to generate more interpretable data. These stronger empirical foundations are needed to support cost-effectiveness analyses to advocate for better communication accessibility of healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48772,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech and Language","volume":"43 3","pages":"176-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40620544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}