Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors <i>versus</i> chemotherapy as second-line therapy for advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and economic evaluation.","authors":"Shixian Liu, Lei Dou, Shunping Li","doi":"10.1177/17562848241233134","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241233134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, several novel programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have been approved for second-line treating advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including camrelizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab and tislelizumab. However, the optimal treatment regimen remained ambiguous.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy, safety and economy of available PD-1 inhibitors to determine the optimal treatment from the Chinese healthcare system perspective.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic review and economic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>A systematic review was undertaken utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus databases to identify eligible studies until 31 August 2023. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs). We also developed a partitioned survival model at 3-week intervals based on five clinical trials to predict long-term costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for various treatment options. Direct medical costs and utility values were obtained from public drug bidding databases, clinical trials or published literature. The parameter uncertainties within the model were determined <i>via</i> one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five randomized controlled trials involving 2837 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with other treatments examined, camrelizumab provided the best PFS benefits [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.86], and pembrolizumab provided the best OS benefits (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37-0.82). Nivolumab caused a relatively lower incidence of treatment-related AEs (HR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.20) and grade 3-5 AEs (HR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08-0.21) than other immunotherapy regimens. In the economic evaluation, average 10-year costs ranged from $5,433.86 (chemotherapy) to $50,617.95 (nivolumab) and mean QALYs ranged from 0.55 (chemotherapy) to 0.82 (camrelizumab). Pembrolizumab was eliminated because of dominance. Of the remaining strategies, when the willingness-to-pay thresholds were 1, 2 and 3 times GDP per capita in 2022, sintilimab, tislelizumab and camrelizumab were the most cost-effective treatment options, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sintilimab might be the optimal treatment alternative for second-line therapy of advanced OSCC in China, followed by tislelizumab and camrelizumab.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study has been registered on the PROSPERO database with the registration number CRD42023495204.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10903196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stricture dilation <i>via</i> balloon-assisted endoscopy in Crohn's disease: approach and intraprocedural outcomes with the single-balloon and double-balloon systems.","authors":"Brendan P Halloran, Matthew Reeson, Christopher Teshima, Karen Kroeker, Vivian Huang, Levinus Dieleman, Peter Holmes, Daniel C Baumgart, Karen Wong, Frank Hoentjen, Farhad Peerani, Sergio Zepeda-Gomez","doi":"10.1177/17562848241230904","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241230904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite recent emerging literature involving the utility of endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) of strictures <i>via</i> balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE), specifically regarding the management of Crohn's disease (CD), the optimal clinical approach with balloon systems has been largely neglected in academic literature.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assesses the intra-procedural success and safety of EBD <i>via</i> BAE for small bowel CD strictures while detailing our clinical approach and technique. Secondarily, we compare the single-balloon endoscope (SBE) and double-balloon endoscope (DBE) systems for EBD-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective consecutive patient cohort analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively assessed a consecutive small bowel CD patient cohort undergoing BAE at the University of Alberta Hospital endoscopy unit from 2013 to 2020. The primary endpoint discerned the safety and immediate success rate of EBD during endoscopy, and comparisons of the dilation parameters and efficacy of SBE <i>versus</i> DBE were assessed as secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 87 patients (44 male) with a mean age of 56 ± 14.7 years underwent 179 endoscopic procedures (92 DBE and 87 SBE). Of 358 strictures encountered, 320 (89.4%) were successfully dilated and traversed. The mean maximum dilation diameter was 15.76 ± 2.10 mm. There were no perforations or major adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBD <i>via</i> BAE is a safe procedure in small bowel CD with a high intraprocedural success rate. Overall, SBE had a higher success rate in traversing strictures before and after dilation using our technique. This analysis is limited by the retrospective nature of our study and must be balanced against the inherent benefits of the DBE system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10903206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy is an option in advanced biliary tract cancer.","authors":"Penglei Ge, Yang Wu","doi":"10.1177/17562848241234509","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241234509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous vedolizumab interval extension in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a case series.","authors":"Suzanne I Anjie, Krisztina B Gecse, Cyriel Y Ponsioen, Mark Löwenberg, Geert R D'Haens","doi":"10.1177/17562848241228080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241228080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subcutaneous vedolizumab has demonstrated efficacy as a maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data on the extension of subcutaneous vedolizumab injection intervals are lacking. Here, we present the first real-world data on subcutaneous vedolizumab interval extension in IBD patients. Nine patients (eight Crohn's disease patients and one ulcerative colitis patient) were included in the study. At interval extension (at baseline), all patients were in clinical and biochemical remission and requested an extension of their 2-weekly injection intervals due to side effects potentially related to subcutaneous vedolizumab. Patients increased their intervals to 3, 4, or 5 weeks. During a median follow-up of 10.0 months (IQR 6.5-19.5), no flare-ups were observed. After 6 months, median biochemical parameters remained stable compared to baseline levels (fecal calprotectin 24.0 µg/g [IQR 10.0-43.0] versus 28.0 µg/g [IQR 15.0-54.0], <i>p</i> = 0.553; C-reactive protein 3.4 mg/L [IQR 1.4-4.2] versus 3.1 mg/L [IQR 0.7-4.9], <i>p</i> = 0.172), while vedolizumab serum concentrations significantly decreased (22.0 µg/mL [IQR 20.0-33.0] <i>versus</i> 40.0 µg/mL [IQR 28.3-45.0], <i>p</i> = 0.018). After interval extension, almost all suspected vedolizumab-induced side effects disappeared within 6 months. Lengthening subcutaneous vedolizumab intervals in IBD patients in clinical and biochemical remission appears to be both effective and safe, potentially leading to substantial reductions in healthcare expenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes, perceptions and barriers in implementing therapeutic drug monitoring for anti-TNFs in inflammatory bowel disease: a survey from the Middle East.","authors":"Gaurav B Nigam, Kelly Chatten, Ala Sharara, Talal Al-Taweel, Othman Alharbi, Hussein Elamin, Sameer Al Awadhi, Vito Annese, Jimmy K Limdi","doi":"10.1177/17562848241230902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241230902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A growing body of evidence underscores the beneficial impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We surveyed clinician attitudes, perceptions and barriers related to TDM in IBD in the Middle East.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A 15-question survey was distributed through national gastroenterological societies in five Middle Eastern countries (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon and Egypt).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on clinician characteristics, demographics, utilization patterns and obstacles related to the adoption of TDM with anti-TNFs were gathered. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict factors influencing the utilization of TDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 211 respondents (82% male), 82% were consultants, 8% were physicians with an interest in gastroenterology (GI), and 6% were GI trainees. Of these, 152 met inclusion criteria, treating >5 IBD patients per month and ⩾1 with an anti-TNF per month. TDM was used in clinical practice by 78% (95% CI: 71-85) of respondents. TDM was utilized following the loss of response (LOR) in 93%, for primary non-response (PNR) in 40% and before restarting anti-TNF therapy after a drug holiday in 33% of respondents, while 34% used TDM proactively. No specific factors were associated with the use of TDM. Barriers to TDM use included cost (85%), time lag to results (71%) and lack of insurance reimbursement (65%). Overall knowledge of TDM (70%), interpretation and actioning of results (76%) or awareness of clinical guidelines (57%) were not perceived as barriers. If barriers were removed, 95% would use TDM more frequently; 93% for LOR, 60% for PNR, 50% when restarting after a drug holiday, and 54% would use TDM proactively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most gastroenterologists use TDM for LOR, with cost, time lag and insurance reimbursement being significant barriers. Addressing these barriers would increase the judicious use of reactive and proactive TDM to optimize anti-TNF therapy in IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of chronic pancreatitis: recent advances and future prospects.","authors":"Chao Han, Yan-Wei Lv, Liang-Hao Hu","doi":"10.1177/17562848241234480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241234480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a progressive fibroinflammatory disease, chronic pancreatitis (CP) often manifests as recurrent bouts of abdominal pain with or without complications, causing a heavy burden of health care. In recent years, some meaningful insights into the management of CP have been obtained from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, which were of great importance. Based on this research, it is shown that there are various treatments for CP. Therefore, it is of great importance to choose a suitable strategy for patients with CP individually. Relevant evidence on the management of CP was summarized in this review, including nutrition supplements, medication, endoscopy, surgery, exploration of novel therapies as well as evaluation and prediction of treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models: a primer and gastroenterology applications.","authors":"Omer Shahab, Bara El Kurdi, Aasma Shaukat, Girish Nadkarni, Ali Soroush","doi":"10.1177/17562848241227031","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241227031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past year, the emergence of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) in tools like ChatGPT has ushered in a rapid acceleration in artificial intelligence (AI) innovation. These powerful AI models can generate tailored and high-quality text responses to instructions and questions without the need for labor-intensive task-specific training data or complex software engineering. As the technology continues to mature, LLMs hold immense potential for transforming clinical workflows, enhancing patient outcomes, improving medical education, and optimizing medical research. In this review, we provide a practical discussion of LLMs, tailored to gastroenterologists. We highlight the technical foundations of LLMs, emphasizing their key strengths and limitations as well as how to interact with them safely and effectively. We discuss some potential LLM use cases for clinical gastroenterology practice, education, and research. Finally, we review critical barriers to implementation and ongoing work to address these issues. This review aims to equip gastroenterologists with a foundational understanding of LLMs to facilitate a more active clinician role in the development and implementation of this rapidly emerging technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10883116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TH17 cell: a double-edged sword in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Yue Wen, Han Wang, Dean Tian, Ge Wang","doi":"10.1177/17562848241230896","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241230896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Extensive dysregulation of the intestinal mucosal immune system is critical in the development and progression of IBD. T helper (Th) 17 cells have the characteristics of plasticity. They can transdifferentiate into subpopulations with different functions in response to different factors in the surrounding environment, thus taking on different roles in regulating the intestinal immune responses. In this review, we will focus on the plasticity of Th17 cells as well as the function of Th17 cells and their related cytokines in IBD. We will summarize their pathogenic and protective roles in IBD under different conditions, respectively, hoping to further deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying IBD and provide insights for future treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10883129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The drug-survival of low-dose thioguanine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Helena Gensmyr-Singer, Mårten Werner, Pontus Karling","doi":"10.1177/17562848241228064","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848241228064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thiopurines are commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease but withdrawal due to side effects are common. Thioguanine has been suggested to be better tolerated than conventional thiopurines.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We studied drug-survival of low dose of thioguanine in real-life clinical practice in comparison to conventional thiopurines.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients born 1956 and later, and who at least once started thiopurine treatment between 2006 and 2022 were included. A medical chart review was performed that noted drug-survival for every thiopurine treatment attempt. The Mantel-Cox rank test was used to test differences in drug-survival for different thiopurines. Blood chemistry analysis and faecal calprotectin levels were registered for the first 5 years of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study population, there was 379 initiated thiopurine treatments (210 for Crohn's disease and 169 for ulcerative colitis) in 307 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Low-dose thioguanine (median dose 11 mg; 25-75th percentile 7-19 mg) had been initiated in 31 patients. Overall, when including all thiopurine attempts, thioguanine had the longest drug-survival [Mantel-Cox rank test: thioguanine <i>versus</i> azathioprine <i>p</i> = 0.014; thioguanine <i>versus</i> 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) <i>p</i> < 0.001]. For second-line thiopurine treatment thioguanine had longer drug-survival than 6-MP (Mantel-Cox rank test: <i>p</i> = 0.006). At 60 months, 86% of the patients who started low-dose thioguanine were still on treatment compared to 42% of the patients who started 6-MP (<i>p</i> = 0.022). The median 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels in patients treated with thioguanine was 364 pmol/8 × 10⁸. Patients on thioguanine treatment showed significantly lower values of median mean corpuscular volume at follow-up than patients treated with azathioprine and 6-MP. Patients treated with 6-MP showed significantly lower levels of FC in the third year of treatment compared to patient treated with azathioprine (59 <i>versus</i> 109 µg/g; <i>p</i> = 0.023), but there was no significant difference in FC levels for thioguanine compared to azathioprine (50 <i>versus</i> 109 µg/g; <i>p</i> = 0.33).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with a low dose of thioguanine is well-tolerated in patients with IBD and had a significantly higher drug-survival than conventional thiopurines.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic impact of inflammatory bowel disease in Catalonia: a population-based analysis.","authors":"Eduard Brunet-Mas, Belen Garcia-Sagué, Emli Vela, Luigi Melcarne, Laura Patricia Llovet, Caridad Pontes, Pilar García-Iglesias, Anna Puy, Sergio Lario, Maria Jose Ramirez-Lazaro, Albert Villoria, Johan Burisch, Gilaad G Kaplan, Xavier Calvet","doi":"10.1177/17562848231222344","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562848231222344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a major economic impact on healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the current healthcare expenditure associated with IBD in a population-wide study in Catalonia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients with IBD included in the Catalan Health Surveillance System (CHSS) were considered eligible. The CHSS compiles data on more than 7 million individuals in 2020 (34,823 with IBD). Data on the use of healthcare resources and its economic impact were extracted applying the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes (ICD-10-CM codes). Health expenditure, comorbidities, and hospitalization were calculated according to the standard costs of each service provided by the Department of Health of the Catalan government. The data on the IBD population were compared with non-IBD population adjusted for age, sex, and income level. IBD costs were recorded separately for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of comorbidities was higher in patients with IBD than in those without. The risk of hospitalization was twice as high in the IBD population. The overall healthcare expenditure on IBD patients amounted to 164M€. The pharmacy cost represents the 60%. The average annual per capita expenditure on IBD patients was more than 3.4-fold higher (IBD 4200€, non-IBD 1200€). Average costs of UC were 3400€ and 5700€ for CD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of comorbidities was twice as high in patients with IBD and their use of healthcare resources was also higher than that of their non-IBD counterparts. Per capita healthcare expenditure was approximately 3.4 times higher in the population with IBD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was not previously registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48770,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}