Applied Sciences-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of Spiny-like Spherical Copper Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Microextraction of Arsenic(III) from Water and Food Samples before ICP-MS Detection","authors":"M. Habila, Z. Alothman, Mohamed Sheikh, Saleh O. Alaswad","doi":"10.3390/app131810036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810036","url":null,"abstract":"Spiny-like spherical copper metal–organic frameworks (SSC-MOFs) were prepared and characterized via SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and the BET surface area. The fabricated SSC-MOFs were applied to develop a procedure for the microextraction of trace arsenic(III) for preconcentration. The results show that a copper- and imidazole-derived metal–organic framework was formed in a sphere with a spiny surface and a surface area of 120.7 m2/g. The TEM confirmed the perforated network structures of the SSC-MOFs, which were prepared at room temperature. The surface functional groups were found to contain NH and C=N groups. The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the prepared SSC-MOFs. The application for the process of microextracting the arsenic(III) for preconcentration was achieved with superior efficiency. The optimum conditions for the recovery of the arsenic(III) were a pH of 7 and the use of a sample volume up to 40 mL. The developed SSC-MOF-derived microextraction process has an LOD of 0.554 µg·L−1 and an LOQ of 1.66 µg·L−10. The developed SSC-MOF-derived microextraction process was applied for the accurate preconcentration of arsenic(III) from real samples, including food and water, with the promised performance efficiency.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44870307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Urban Heat Island Cooling Strategies According to Spatial and Temporal Conditions Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) Observation","authors":"Young-Il Cho, Donghyeon Yoon, Moung-Jin Lee","doi":"10.3390/app131810052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810052","url":null,"abstract":"Heat island cooling strategies (HICSs) are used to mitigate urban heat island phenomena and adapt to climate change as proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). This study investigated urban heat island reduction and assessed the cooling effect of HICSs under various temporal and spatial conditions in urban areas. The study area was the Mugye-dong urban area in South Korea. To identify the effectiveness of heat island cooling strategies (HICSs), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing and microclimate sensors were used to generate land cover, sky view factor (SVF) distribution, and land surface temperature (LST) maps of the study area. Differences in cooling effect according to spatial density (SD) were identified by dividing the SVF into five intervals of 0.2. Temporal changes were investigated throughout the day and under cloudiness-based meteorological conditions affected by solar radiation or less affected by solar radiation. Lower SD was associated with a greater cooling effect; meteorological conditions affected by solar radiation had a stronger cooling effect. The variation of the daytime cooling effect increased with decreasing SD. The difference in cooling effect between morning and afternoon was <1 °C under conditions less affected by solar radiation. Under conditions affected by solar radiation, the maximum temperatures were −6.716 °C in urban green spaces and −4.292 °C in shadow zones, whereas the maximum temperature was −6.814 °C in ground-based albedo modification zones; thus, differences were greater under conditions affected by solar radiation than under conditions less affected by solar radiation. As a result, it was found that HICS show a high cooling effect, high diurnal variation, and high morning-afternoon deviation under weather conditions with low SD and under conditions affected by solar radiation. This study quantitatively calculated the cooling effect of HICSs applied in urban areas under various spatiotemporal conditions and compared differences by technology. Accordingly, it is believed that it will serve as a basis for supporting the practical effects of the concepts presented by international organizations for climate change adaptation.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biomedical Relation Extraction Method Based on Graph Convolutional Network with Dependency Information Fusion","authors":"Wanli Yang, L. Xing, Longbo Zhang, Hongzhen Cai, Maozu Guo","doi":"10.3390/app131810055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810055","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical texts are relatively obscure in describing relations between specialized entities, and the automatic extraction of drug–drug or drug–disease relations from massive biomedical texts presents a challenge faced by many researchers. To this end, this paper designs a relation extraction method based on dependency information fusion to improve the predictive power of the model for the relations between given biomedical entities. Firstly, we propose a local–global pruning strategy for the dependency syntax tree. Next, we propose the construction of a dependency type matrix for the pruned dependency tree to incorporate sentence dependency information into the model to feature extraction. We then incorporate attention mechanism into the graph convolutional model by calculating the attention weights of word–word dependencies, thus improving the traditional graph convolutional network. The model distinguishes the importance of different dependency information by attention weights, thus weakening the influence of interfering information such as word-to-word dependencies that are unrelated to entities in long sentences. In this paper, our proposed Dependency Information Fusion Attention Graph Convolutional Network (DIF-A-GCN) is evaluated on two biomedical datasets, DDI and CIVIC. The experimental results show that our proposed method based on dependency information fusion outperforms current state-of-the-art biomedical relation extraction models.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Modeling of Motorized Spindle System with Unbalanced Mass and Spindle Inclination","authors":"Dan Gu, Yufeng Xie, Shulin Liu, Yuan Wei, Jiayi Shen","doi":"10.3390/app131810053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810053","url":null,"abstract":"The high-speed motorized spindle has been wildly used in the field of aerospace processing, due to its advantages such as high speed, high precision, and high efficiency. CNC machine tools used for processing aerospace products require high machining accuracy, and once the spindle fails, it will seriously affect the quality of product processing. Thus, it is important to study the faults of the spindle, especially the faults caused by subtle errors. In this work, a dynamic model of a spindle with unbalanced mass fault and spindle inclination fault is established, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the motorized spindle are calculated by using the whole transfer matrix method (WTMM). The deflections of the spindle initial end in the different situations are discussed when the two faults happen independently. The results show that the spindle end deflection of the same fault has different sensitivity at different speeds. At the third order of natural frequencies, the deflection of a motorized spindle is greatest regardless of the fault that occurs. Although the motorized spindle rotates at the same speed, different faults could cause different mode shapes. At the lower speed, when the unbalanced mass fault happens, the mode shape is in an arched shape, and while the spindle inclination fault happens, the mode shape is in a concave shape.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments and Design of an Anti-Disaster Support System for Apple Orchards","authors":"Hee-Du Lee, Swoo-Heon Lee, K. Shin, Jun-seop Lee","doi":"10.3390/app131810033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810033","url":null,"abstract":"A number of apple trees have collapsed in South Korea due to strong winds caused by typhoons. In fact, apple trees are protected by various types of support systems. However, despite this, they have still been damaged. The reason why the trees collapsed is that the installation of a support system is based not on scientific facts but on empirical facts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural safety of the anti-disaster support system of apple trees. Equivalent static tests of the support systems, i.e., fences and matrix supports, were carried out. The result of the equivalent static tests indicated that the bearing capacity of the foundation is considered an important factor for the performance of the fence support, and the elements played a major role in the case of the matrix support due to the connection of the strut wire and the mat wire. Based on this test result, design criteria and standard specifications of the apple tree support system in response to local wind speed are proposed.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Intersection Waiting Time: Proposal of a Queue Network Model Using Kendall’s Notation in Panama City","authors":"Carlos A. Rovetto, Edmanuel Cruz, Ivonne Nuñez, Keyla Santana, Andrzej Smolarz, José Rangel, E. Cano","doi":"10.3390/app131810030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810030","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a proposed queuing model based on Kendall’s notation for the intersection of two streets in Panama City (53 East and 56 East). The proposed model is based on a set of traffic lights that controls the flow of vehicles at the intersection according to a predetermined schedule. The model analyzes the stability of the system and simulations are performed to evaluate its performance. The main objective of the paper is to optimize the vehicle flow by minimizing the waiting time for passage. In the study, it was observed that the current traffic light system on Calle 50 (50th Street) is unstable and oversaturated during weekdays, which generates large vehicle queues with no estimated exit times. It was proposed to increase the system capacity to 1300 vehicles per hour to achieve reasonable stability and provide a solution to improve traffic signal timing on 50th Street. The need to increase the system capacity has been demonstrated and an optimal value has been suggested. The evaluation of other models and the use of AI can further strengthen the system and improve the prediction accuracy in different traffic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42490079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Scenario-Based Heuristics for Stochastic Shift Design Problem with Task-Based Demand","authors":"Zhiying Wu, Qing-xin Chen, Ning Mao, Guoning Xu","doi":"10.3390/app131810070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a deterministic shift design model with task-based demand and give the corresponding stochastic version with a probability constraint such that the shift plan designed is staffed with the workforce with a certain probability of performing all given tasks. Since we currently find no suitable methods for solving this stochastic model from the literature related to solving stochastic shift design models, we developed a single-stage heuristic method based on statistics, whose main idea is to reduce the occurrence of manpower shortage by prolonging the resource occupation time of a task, but this leads to a serious waste of resources, which is common in solving resource allocation problems with uncertain durations. To reduce the cost of wastage, we also propose a two-stage heuristic approach that is a two-stage heuristic with an evolutionary strategy. The two heuristics show their effectiveness in solving the proposed stochastic model in numerical experiments, and the two-stage heuristic significantly outperforms the one-stage heuristic in cost optimization and solution time stability.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Drive Architectures for Industrial Hydraulic Axes: Energy-Efficiency-Based Comparative Analysis","authors":"M. Tiboni","doi":"10.3390/app131810066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810066","url":null,"abstract":"In hydraulic systems, energy dissipation can be significant. The pressure losses that can occur in the hydraulic circuit, which are influenced by the adopted drive architecture, result in power consumption that is often significantly higher than that required by the mechanical system. This paper presents a comparative study of the energy efficiency of five common drive architectures in industrial hydraulic axes. The analysis is applied to a variable speed and force hydraulic blanking press, a fairly common industrial system, e.g., in the manufacture of semi-finished brass products. Standard, regenerative, high–low, variable-displacement pumps and variable speed drive configurations for a fixed-displacement pump were analyzed and compared. In each case, an appropriate and optimized sizing of the different components of the system was performed, and then the energy consumption was estimated for a load cycle common to all the considered cases. The results show that the choice of the power generation architecture of the hydraulic system has a very significant impact on the energy efficiency and consequently on the operating costs and the carbon footprint. The performed quantification of the potential energy efficiency of the considered drive architectures can be very useful in helping to make energy-conscious decisions.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Peer-to-Peer PV Trading Strategies under the Influence of Network Constraints with Prosumer Sensitivity towards Network Coefficients","authors":"Sheroze Liaquat, Tanveer Hussain, Fadi Agha Kassab, B. Celik, Robert S. Fourney, T. Hansen","doi":"10.3390/app131810044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810044","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems at the residential level, customers owning such renewable resources can act as a source of generation for other consumers in the same network. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading refers to a local trading platform where the residential customers having excess PV power (prosumers) can interact with their neighbors without PV resources (customers) to improve the social welfare of society. However, the performance of a P2P market depends on the power system network constraints and trading strategy adopted for local energy trading. In this paper, we compare different trading strategies, i.e., the rule-based zero intelligent (ZI) strategy and the preference-based game theory (GT) approaches, for a constrained P2P platform. Quadratic trading loss and impedance-based network utilization fee models are suggested to define the network constraints for the P2P system. Additionally, a reluctance-based prosumer-sensitive model is developed to adjust the trading behavior of the participants under the heavy distribution losses/network fee. The presented results show that the suggested trading strategies enhanced the average welfare of the participants by approximately 17%. On average, the customers saved about $33.77 monthly, whereas the average monthly earnings of the prosumers were around $28.3. The ZI strategy enhanced the average monetary advantages of all the market participants by an average of 7% for a system having small distribution losses and a network fee as compared to the GT approach. Contrarily, for a system having high losses/a utilization fee, the GT approach improved the average welfare of the prosumers by around 75% compared to the ZI strategy. However, both trading strategies yielded competitive results compared to the traditional market under the standard values of network coefficients.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48197996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity and Medical Imaging: A Simulation-Based Approach to DICOM Communication","authors":"Stylianos Karagiannis, E. Magkos, Christoforos Ntantogian, Ricardo Cabecinha, Theo Fotis","doi":"10.3390/app131810072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810072","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging plays a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing essential information for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard has revolutionized the storage, transmission, and sharing of medical images and related data. Despite its advantages, implementation and deployment of the DICOM protocol often suffers from incomplete understanding, leading to vulnerabilities within the healthcare ecosystem. This research paper presents an implementation of DICOM communication and the development of a practical demonstration for simulation purposes The simulation can be used for conducting cybersecurity tests in the context of DICOM communication. Overall, the simulation provides a digital environment that can help in retrieving valuable insights into the practical aspects of DICOM communication and PACS integration, serving as a valuable resource for medical imaging professionals, researchers, and developers. These research results provide practical insights, and the DICOM simulation can be used in realistic contexts to showcase a variety of security scenarios.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43053940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}