{"title":"Reducing gastric cancer mortality in the United States: Practical strategies.","authors":"Kam C Nina Li, Sarah Combs","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed malignancy, with more than 1 million diagnoses annually, and it also represents the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with approximately 770,000 deaths each year. Relative 5-year survival rates are as high as 95% to 99% when the disease is diagnosed early in its course, but that rate drops to less than 30% when diagnosed in advanced stages. South Korea and Japan, two countries where gastric cancer is endemic, have implemented screening programs that successfully support earlier detection. No routine gastric cancer screening guidelines exist for practice in the United States. This article examines current evidence in support of gastric cancer prevention and screening measures. Two measures are buoyed by the literature: first, prevention of the disease by targeting modifiable risk factors, namely the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, and second, early detection among high-risk groups through endoscopic screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular practice: Bringing the technology to the bedside.","authors":"Shuhan He","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PAs' experience with violence and bias.","authors":"Sean Kolhoff, Noël E Smith","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore the association between physician associates' (PAs') personal characteristics and the likelihood of their experiencing violence and bias from patients in the clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a national survey conducted in 2022, 2,246 PAs agreed to participate in an optional module on their experiences with biased patient behavior and workplace violence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study illustrate the significance of certain demographic characteristics as predictors of the likelihood a PA will experience biased patient behaviors. Overall, 89.8% of PAs experienced some form of bias from patients, with female PAs reporting having experienced bias across all but one assessed area. Nearly one-third (31.9%) of PAs had been threatened with physical harm by patients, and 6.1% had been physically harmed by patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although this work demonstrates an interaction between a PA's social identity and their experiences of bias in patient encounters, purposeful samples may be needed to better understand the correlation of a PA's personal characteristics with rates of patient violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Menopausal hormone therapy: Making sense of current guidelines.","authors":"Ashley Church, Megan Biagi","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Emerging evidence confirms that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for managing vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms of menopause, with a favorable risk-benefit profile in specific patient populations. Recent studies also indicate that initiating MHT in appropriate candidates is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk and lower all-cause mortality. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current guidelines for primary care providers, advocating for an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to enhancing menopausal care across diverse patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"If my wounds were visible: The hidden side of intimate partner violence.","authors":"Angela C Meredith","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":"38 6","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What caused this patient's sunken eye?","authors":"Aujala Mathew, Michelle Lea","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":"38 6","pages":"47-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breast cancer screening for patients at higher-than-average risk.","authors":"Vanessa B Mitchell","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000213","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in women, excluding skin cancer. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and premature deaths in the United States. Given the latest data on breast cancer prevalence, most clinical practice guidelines recommend yearly screening with mammography for women age 40 years and older. However, some women's lifetime risk of breast cancer may be higher than average, requiring additional testing and more intensive screening. Currently, no standard approach to office-based risk assessment has been established in the United States. A woman's unidentified heightened risk can lead to missed opportunities and insufficient screening recommendations. Breast cancer risk assessment is thus critical for identifying women who are at higher-than-average risk for breast cancer and in need of a modified screening plan. This article aims to guide clinicians through assessing a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer, identifying women at higher-than-average risk, determining which women need to be referred for genetic testing, and managing screening and counseling for patients with nonhereditary higher-than-average risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expatriate PA.","authors":"Roderick S Hooker","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000214","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating lymphadenopathy.","authors":"Clay W Walker, Brittney Hulsey, Manuel Pompa","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000212","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Lymphadenopathy (LAD), characterized by abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Despite its prevalence, the condition's evaluation and management pose significant challenges due to its diverse etiologies, which range from benign conditions to serious malignancies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of LAD, including its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation to aid providers, particularly physician associates (PAs), in care of these patients. Through detailed discussions and practical guidance, the article equips PAs with the necessary tools to effectively navigate the complexities of LAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcia Bouton, Robert McKenna, Yolanda Freeman-Hildreth, Theresa Johnson, Ryann Piotrowski, Laura Chenevert
{"title":"A pilot study of PAs in leadership: Exploring pathways, barriers, and support systems.","authors":"Marcia Bouton, Robert McKenna, Yolanda Freeman-Hildreth, Theresa Johnson, Ryann Piotrowski, Laura Chenevert","doi":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000109","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.JAA.0000000000000109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine pathways, barriers, and support systems experienced by physician associates (PAs) in leadership.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Focus group interviews were conducted with 20 PA leaders. Thematic evaluation revealed inductive themes. Moderate interrater agreement was achieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were female, White, and non-Hispanic, with 13 to 23 years of experience as a PA. Participants obtained leadership positions via training, dedication to service, and networking. Participants were motivated to pursue leadership roles by issues related to compensation, time, and autonomy. Biased perception of PA roles and corporate and legal issues were the most common barriers to achieving leadership positions. Participants recommended that PAs interested in leadership self-promote and that they embrace both altruism and a growth mindset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PA leaders achieved leadership positions via dedication, networking, and training. Corporate, legal, and perceptual barriers exist. Employers and PA organizations can support PA leaders with training, compensation, protected time, and autonomy. Celebration of the value of PA leadership is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48728,"journal":{"name":"Jaapa-Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants","volume":" ","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}