Malaysian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal susceptibility profile and biofilm-producing capability of Candida tropicalis isolates in a tertiary medical centre.","authors":"S D Navarathinam, H M Neoh, T L Tan, A A Wahab, M N Mohd Nizam Tzar, C H Ding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida tropicalis is a globally distributed yeast that has been popping up in the medical literature lately, albeit for unenviable reasons. C. tropicalis is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality as well as drug resistance. The aims of this study were to ascertain the antifungal susceptibility profile and the biofilm-producing capability of this notorious yeast in our centre.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C. tropicalis isolates from sterile specimens were collected over a 12-month period. Conclusive identification was achieved biochemically with the ID 32 C kit. Susceptibility to nine antifungal agents was carried out using the colourimetric broth microdilution kit Sensititre YeastOne YO10. Biofilm-producing capability was evaluated by quantifying biomass formation spectrophotometrically following staining with crystal violet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four non-repetitive isolates of C. tropicalis were collected. The resistance rates to the triazole agents were 29.2% for fluconazole, 16.7% for itraconazole, 20.8% for voriconazole and 8.3% for posaconazole-the pan-azole resistance rate was identical to that of posaconazole. No resistance was recorded for amphotericin B, flucysosine or any of the echinocandins tested. A total of 16/24 (66.7%) isolates were categorized as high biomass producers and 8/24 (33.3%) were moderate biomass producers. None of our isolates were low biomass producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The C. tropicalis isolates from our centre were resistant only to triazole agents, with the highest resistance rate being recorded for fluconazole and the lowest for posaconazole. While this is not by itself alarming, the fact that our isolates were prolific biofilm producers means that even azole-susceptible isolates can be paradoxically refractory to antifungal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the National Pathology Conference 2023 by Perak Pathology Services held at Hotel Casuarina Ipoh Perak on 2nd and 3rd August 2023.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"567-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of neonatal pneumothorax developed spontaneously and during respiratory supports in neonatal intensive care units.","authors":"N Y Boo, E L Lee Ang, The Malaysian National Neonatal Registry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Information on incidence and risk factors associated with different types of neonatal pneumothorax were lacking globally.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine incidences of pneumothorax developed spontaneously and during different modes of respiratory support, and risk factors associated with each type of pneumothorax.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational study of neonates in the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>44 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>All neonates born in 2015-2020 and admitted to NICUs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pneumothorax developed in 3265 neonates: 37.5% occurred spontaneously, 62.5% during respiratory support. The incidence of all types of pneumothorax was 1.75 per 1000 livebirths, and of spontaneous pneumothorax was 0.58 per 1000 livebirths. Pneumothorax developed in 0.6% (450/70512) of neonates during continuous positive air way pressure therapy (nCPAPt), 1.8% (990/54994) of neonates during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), and 7.0% (599/8557) of neonates during high frequency ventilation (HFV). Term neonates had significantly higher pneumothorax rate than preterms (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses show that exposure to intermittent positive pressure ventilation and chest compression at birth were significant independent factors associated with increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax and CMV, and persistent pulmonary hypertension was associated with increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumothorax during CMV and HFV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most common type of pneumothorax was spontaneous in-onset. Neonates on HFV had the highest and those on nCPAPt the lowest rate of pneumothorax. Improving training of resuscitation techniques at birth and strategies of use of invasive modes of respiratory support may reduce incidences of all types of pneumothorax.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"441-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placenta microRNA profile of patient with Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome.","authors":"M A Mohamad, A W Ahmad Asnawi, M S Suhiman, J Sathar, A R Hayati, N S Abdul Rahim, M A Masri, N Abdul Hamid, S Nurul Farihah, N Mohamad Nor, M M Nur Fariha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The onset of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) occurs when antiphospholipid antibodies act upon the placenta. During pregnancy, APS exhibits traits such as vascular thrombosis, inflammation, and hindered trophoblast implantation. The involvement of microRNA expression has been proposed as a genetic factor contributing to the syndrome's development. MicroRNAs play a role in regulating gene expression in various cellular processes, including the formation of placental tissue. Therefore, additional research is needed to explore the control of placental miRNA in APS. In this study, we aimed to profile miRNA expressions from placenta tissue of patients with APS. Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined for its targeted genes and pathways. Agilent microarray platform was used to measure placental microRNA expressions between normal placental tissue and those obtained from patients with APS. Differentially expressed miRNAs were detected using GeneSpring GX software 14.2 and sequences were mapped using TargetScan software to generate the predicted target genes. Pathway analysis for the genes was then performed on PANTHER and REACTOME software. Selected miRNAs and their associated genes of interest were validated using qPCR. Microarray findings revealed, 9 downregulated and 21 upregulated miRNAs expressed in placenta of patients with APS. Quantitative expressions of 3 selected miRNAs were in agreement with the microarray findings, however only miR-525-5p expression was statistically significant. Pathway analysis revealed that the targeted genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in several hypothesised signalling pathways such as the vascular endothelial (VE) growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory pathways. VE-cadherin, ras homolog member A (RHOA) and tyrosine kinase receptor (KIT) showed significant downregulation while Retinoblastoma gene (RET), Dual specificity protein phosphatase 10 (DUSP10) and B-lymphocyte kinase (BLK) genes were significantly upregulated. These preliminary findings suggest the involvement of miRNAs and identified novel associated genes involvement in the mechanism of obstetric APS, particularly through the alteration of vascular-associated regulators and the inflammatory signalling cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"425-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference intervals for CTX and P1NP in a multi-ethnic Malaysian cohort.","authors":"R Z Tan, S C Thambiah, T P Loh, S Vasikaran, S S Yeap","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Well defined reference intervals are central to the utility of serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), designated as reference markers in osteoporosis, and useful for monitoring therapeutic response in that condition. This study reports the reference intervals for plasma CTX and serum P1NP in a multi-ethnic Malaysian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethnic Malay, Chinese or Indian subjects aged 45-90 years old were recruited from Selangor, Malaysia from June 2016 to August 2018. Subjects with known medical conditions (e.g., bone disorders, malnutrition, immobilisation, renal impairment, hormonal disorders) and medications (including regular calcium or vitamin D supplements) that may affect CTX and P1NP were excluded. Additionally, subjects with osteoporosis or fracture on imaging studies were excluded. The blood samples were collected between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. in fasting state. The CTX and P1NP were measured on Roche e411 platform in batches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2.5th-97.5th percentiles reference intervals (and bootstrapped 90%CI) for plasma CTX in men (n = 91) were 132 (94-175) - 775 (667-990) ng/L; in post-menopausal women (n = 132) 152 (134-177) - 1025 (834-1293) ng/L. The serum P1NP reference intervals in men were 23.7 (19.1-26.4) - 83.9 (74.0-105.0) µg/L, and in post-menopausal women, 25.9 (19.5-29.3) - 142.1 (104.7-229.7) µg/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reference intervals for plasma CTX and serum PINP for older Malaysian men and post-menopausal women are somewhat different to other published studies from the region, emphasising the importance of establishing specific reference intervals for each population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific PCR primers for simultaneous detection of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in invasive fungal infections.","authors":"Y K M Ismadi, S Mohamad, A Harun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rapid and accurate diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has been a great challenge particularly in cases requiring prompt antifungal treatment. In this study, four primer pairs were designed for a quadruplex PCR assay, which was developed for detection of four fungal species simultaneously. DNA extraction of cultured colonies and spiked blood samples were performed using conventional (phenol-chloroform) techniques and commercial DNA extraction kit. The optimum annealing temperature for this assay was 60°C. The assay was able to amplify all four genes and showed 100% specificity. No amplification of any genes was obtained against other species (n=14), which included two bacteria species. In conclusion, this quadruplex PCR assay is specific, rapid and reliable to detect A. fumigatus, A. terreus, C. albicans and C. glabrata simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD47 and CD36 expressions in the placenta of mothers with chorioamnionitis.","authors":"B S Hanim, R A Rahim, M F Mohd Salleh, H Zakaria, N Abd Shukor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chorioamnionitis is the inflammation of the placenta and is histologically defined as the presence of neutrophilic infiltration into the chorio-amnion membrane with and without involvement of the umbilical cord. Currently, the inflammatory mediators involved in the eliciting of inflammatory response is still largely under investigation. CD47 and CD36 are pro-inflammatory molecules that are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the expressions of CD47 and CD36 in the placenta of mothers with chorioamnionitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study, involving a total of 100 cases that comprised of acute subchorionitis (stage I, n=20), acute chorioamnionitis (stage II, n=20), acute necrotising chorioamnionitis (stage III, n=20) and non-chorioamnionitis placenta as control (n=40). All tissue blocks were retrieved from the archived pathology record over a period of 4 years. CD36 and CD47 immunohistochemistry were performed on all cases and their expression in various cell types on the placenta were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CD36 was expressed only on the foetal vascular endothelial cells. Interestingly, CD47 showed positive staining on the neutrophils and its expression was significantly different between maternal inflammatory response stage II chorioamnionitis (n=13/20, p<0.001) with stage I and stage III chorioamnionitis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study showed CD47 was expressed in the neutrophils and it was associated with poorer perinatal outcomes and it may have a role in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q) in Taiwan.","authors":"C F Yang, C Y Hsu, L T Hsiao, S W Chen, S S Chuang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis and cytopenia. Studies have reported differences in MDS between Asian and Western countries, but data from Taiwan are scarce.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study we analysed the clinical and pathological features of 32 Taiwanese MDS patients with del(5q) (ie, del(5q) alone [Group A, n = 11], del(5q) with one additional cytogenetic abnormality other than monosomy 7 or del(7q) [Group B, del(5q)+1; n = 6], and del(5q) with ≥2 additional cytogenetic abnormalities [Group C, n = 15]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were more favourable for Group A than for Groups B (p < 0.05) and C (p ≤ 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age >70 years, thrombocytopenia, and karyotype other than del(5q) alone were poor prognostic factors. Among the patients that had World Health Organization (WHO)-defined MDS with isolated del(5q), one patient (9%) had a typical marrow morphology of 5q minus syndrome with erythroid hypoplasia and four patients (36%) had hypolobated megakaryocytes. In addition, PFS and OS were significantly more favorable for the patients with del(5q) alone than for those with del(5q)+1 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bone marrow morphology, clinical features, and prognosis of Taiwanese MDS patients with del(5q) were different from those associated with MDS with isolated del(5q) as defined in the current WHO classification. Researchers should compare different geographic regions and racial populations to determine whether geographic and racial differences exist with respect to MDS with del(5q).</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"405-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urolithiasis: History, epidemiology, aetiologic factors and management.","authors":"R Kachkoul, G B Touimi, G El Mouhri, R El Habbani, M Mohim, A Lahrichi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urolithiasis is defined as a disease diagnosed by the presence of one or more stones in the urinary tract. It is one of the oldest and most widespread diseases known to man, their discovery and characterisation chronology began with the civilisation's history. This pathology has a multifactorial aetiology, very frequent worldwide with geographic and racial variation, their prevalence is increasing in lockstep with socioeconomic development. In fact, this disorder affects between 2 and 20% of the population, with an approximate recurrence rate of 30% to 50% in 5 years. Furthermore, calciumtype stones, which are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) alone or a mixture of CaOx and calcium phosphate are the most common, accounting for more than 80% of cases. The medical management of urolithiasis is done by medical treatments and/or by surgical intervention for the stones extraction by the techniques such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy (URS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and open surgery. However, various therapies, including thiazide diuretics and alkaline citrate, are used in an attempt to prevent stones recurrence induced by hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria, but the scientific evidence for their effectiveness is less convincing. On the other hand, endoscopic and ESWL methods have revolutionised the treatment of urinary lithiasis, but these costly methods, can cause acute kidney injury and decreased renal function, in addition, do not prevent the probability of new stone formation. The deepening of our knowledge on all points relating to this disease is a priority for specialists in order to find adequate solutions for this disease. This review provides an overview of urolithiasis, its history, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"333-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the International Congress of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2023: Precision Medicine: Revolutionizing Pathology in Genomic Era, organised by the College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia and at World Trade Centre Kuala Lumpur on 20-22 September 2023.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"45 3","pages":"481-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}