Physical Communication最新文献_第6页

TDMRNet: Exploiting multiscale residual learning for blind estimation of polar code parameters TDMRNet：利用多尺度残差学习盲估计极性码参数

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103028

Chang Li , Yanou Cao , Kai Liu

{"title":"TDMRNet: Exploiting multiscale residual learning for blind estimation of polar code parameters","authors":"Chang Li , Yanou Cao , Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polar codes are widely utilized in modern communication systems, where accurate identification of their parameters from received signals is crucial for reliable information decoding. However, existing methods often perform inadequately in non-cooperative scenarios due to the lack of prior information. In this study, we propose a two-dimensional multiscale residual network (TDMRNet) for the blind identification of polar code parameters. Considering the structural characteristics of polar codes, the received signal sequence is first reshaped into a two-dimensional matrix to enable more effective parameter recognition. To further process the reshaped data, TDMRNet integrates an inter-code feature extraction module (ICFEM) and a data-coupling module (DCM). The ICFEM employs a unit convolution layer and three parallel standard convolution layers to construct a multiscale feature extractor, thereby enhancing the model's generalization capability and recognition accuracy. The DCM combines standard and dimension-reducing residual blocks to strengthen feature extraction while mitigating overfitting. Simulation results demonstrate that TDMRNet achieves a recognition accuracy of 93.80 %, surpassing existing methods, and reducing computational complexity, confirming its effectiveness in scenarios without prior knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open set recognition for drone based on deep metric learning 基于深度度量学习的无人机开放集识别

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103030

Jiangfeng Hong, Jiakai Liang, Chao Wang, Keqiang Yue, Wenjun Li

{"title":"Open set recognition for drone based on deep metric learning","authors":"Jiangfeng Hong, Jiakai Liang, Chao Wang, Keqiang Yue, Wenjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of drone technology and its wide range of applications, some potential security issues have gradually surfaced. In practice, however, most drone identification methods are based on the closed set assumption, which hinders the capacity to respond effectively to unidentified drone classes.To address this issue, we propose an open set recognition method based on deep metric learning in this paper. Specifically, we design a multi-scale time-frequency feature extraction network that learns and extracts low-dimensional embedding representations from the Time-Frequency Spectrum (TFS) of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) radio-frequency signals. In the subsequent feature optimization stage, we jointly employ triplet loss and center loss to refine the feature distribution. Moreover, we directly use the distances between the optimized class centers and the feature vectors as the basis for classification, leading to a simple and deployment-friendly prototype-distance based recognition rule that avoids introducing an additional trainable classifier module and does not require test-time iterative clustering to form prototypes. Finally, we propose an Adaptive Threshold Distance Distribution Classifier (AT-DDC), which dynamically determines the optimal decision threshold by analyzing the distance distribution between feature vectors and class centers, thus enabling open set recognition of drones.Compared with the existing method, the proposed method’s known average accuracy (KA) has been improved by 3.5% in all scenarios. Meanwhile, the true unknown rate (TUR) is reduced by only 1.40%, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the decision thresholds and the optimal thresholds is reduced by 8.68%, which demonstrates the excellent performance of the proposed method in drone open set recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cell-free massive MIMO signal detector fused with multi-head attention by graph neural network 基于图神经网络融合的无小区海量MIMO信号检测器

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103023

Shihao Guo , Xiaohui Zhang , Gaoyuan Zhang

{"title":"Cell-free massive MIMO signal detector fused with multi-head attention by graph neural network","authors":"Shihao Guo , Xiaohui Zhang , Gaoyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system utilizes multiple access points (APs) to receive user information and has the advantage of uniform coverage. During uplink transmission, the aliased multi-user signals are aggregated by each AP to the central processing unit (CPU). Designing efficient detection algorithms is the key to eliminating multi-user interference and ensuring collaborative gain. In this paper, aiming at the limitations of the independent Gaussian approximation in expectation propagation (EP), and using the 2D multi-head attention (MHA) module to obtain the temporal and frequency correlations, a Graph neural network (GNN) detector based on EP and MHA is proposed. It is called a GNN-MHA-EP detector. The simulation results show that in different low-precision quantization systems, or when there are errors in channel estimation, the proposed detection algorithm is significantly superior to the traditional EP algorithm, belief propagation (BP) algorithm and minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm, and also significantly improves the performance of the GNN-EP detection algorithm and maintains the same order of computational complexity with it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FMCW radar implementation on RF sampling transceiver with signal processing techniques for enhanced range accuracy FMCW雷达在射频采样收发机上的实现，采用信号处理技术提高距离精度

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103013

S. Reshma , Indu Gopan , M.J. Lal , S. Sreelal , M. Vani Devi

{"title":"FMCW radar implementation on RF sampling transceiver with signal processing techniques for enhanced range accuracy","authors":"S. Reshma , Indu Gopan , M.J. Lal , S. Sreelal , M. Vani Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present the implementation of an improved signal processing algorithm on an FMCW radar system realized using a direct RF sampling transceiver with greater flexibility compared to traditional radars built with several independent analog and digital components. In addition to the sweep bandwidth, the range resolution of an FMCW radar relies on the beat frequency estimation technique used in the signal processing stage. For improved range accuracy, we propose a signal processing algorithm based on the Chirp Z transform (CZT) combined with an inter-bin interpolation technique that outperforms the conventional FFT in beat frequency estimation. To further enhance the accuracy of radar range, the wavelet denoising technique is applied to the beat signal prior to beat frequency estimation. The effectiveness of this algorithm is validated through hardware experiment in radiated mode using the FMCW signal impaired with simulated noisy scenarios, especially phase noise. The range estimation accuracy of the radar system was evaluated based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as the performance metric. From the test results, it was found that the CZT technique with the Jacobsen estimator and wavelet denoising resulted in the least RMSE value and provided the best accuracy in range measurements, even under noisy conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Range estimation in FMCW SDR radars with unsynchronized receivers 非同步接收机FMCW SDR雷达的距离估计

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103000

Juan Carlos Martinez Quintero, Edward Paul Guillen Pinto

{"title":"Range estimation in FMCW SDR radars with unsynchronized receivers","authors":"Juan Carlos Martinez Quintero, Edward Paul Guillen Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars are widely used in applications such as automotive sensing and remote monitoring. Implementing these systems on software-defined radio (SDR) platforms offers flexibility but also introduces challenges, such as synchronization and isolation between the transmitter and receiver, processing large volumes of data, and digital signal processing. This paper proposes two methods for range detection in FMCW radars using unsynchronized SDR platforms for the transmitter and receiver. In both approaches, a direct signal between the transmitting and receiving antennas, positioned a few centimeters apart, serves as a reference. The first method employs FFT on the squared magnitude of the received signal to estimate the range, while the second method adapts the classical matched filter technique. The proposed methods also enable the receiver to operate with a lower sampling rate than the transmitter. Tests were conducted using LimeSDR platforms with a frequency deviation of 58 MHz (corresponding to the sweep bandwidth), an output power of 10 dBm, and a central frequency of 2.4 GHz, targeting distances between 5.27 m and 28.45 m. The first method achieved an average error of 3.5% with matching sampling rates, while the second method reduced the error to 2.15%. When halving the receiver's sampling rate, the average errors increased to 4.28% and 2.33%, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed methods for flexible and efficient radar implementations on SDR platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint optimization of multi-beam configuration and resource allocation for low-earth orbit satellites 近地轨道卫星多波束构型联合优化与资源分配

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103001

Bowen Zhu, Pan Zhen, Zihao Pan, Wenming Zhu, Ning Yang, Daoxing Guo

{"title":"Joint optimization of multi-beam configuration and resource allocation for low-earth orbit satellites","authors":"Bowen Zhu, Pan Zhen, Zihao Pan, Wenming Zhu, Ning Yang, Daoxing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional multi-beam satellite systems typically employ fixed beam pointing and static directional designs, lacking the ability to adapt spatial-domain resources. Consequently, service load is often distributed unevenly among beams or users, causing substantial mismatches between requested and allocated capacities. With the rapid evolution of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) and the convergence of 5G/6G communications, flexible payloads and reconfigurable beam technologies have emerged as promising approaches to improve capacity utilization and service fairness. Motivated by these advances, this paper introduces a unified beam-configuration optimization framework that jointly integrates beam-pattern and beam-pointing design.We proposed a hierarchical iterative optimization method to address beam configuration, user association, and power allocation simultaneously. The overall coupled optimization problem was decomposed into three synergistic subproblems: beam configuration, user association, and power allocation. Specifically, the outer layer used an exchange-matching mechanism for dynamic beam-user mapping, while the inner layer employed a successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm for efficient power allocation. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed framework substantially improved capacity-demand matching, achieving 10–25% higher capacity than optimizing beam pointing or pattern alone, with robust performance, fast convergence, and superior energy efficiency across diverse user distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relay-driven magnetic induction communication with enhanced coverage-Data rate trade-offs for transboundary UUV control and information exchange 中继驱动磁感应通信与增强覆盖-跨界UUV控制和信息交换的数据速率权衡

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.102996

Ke Yang, Jiarui Yang, Mingyu Gao, Peng Lin, Xin Zhang

{"title":"Relay-driven magnetic induction communication with enhanced coverage-Data rate trade-offs for transboundary UUV control and information exchange","authors":"Ke Yang, Jiarui Yang, Mingyu Gao, Peng Lin, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.102996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.102996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic induction (MI) communication across the air-sea boundary (transboundary MI) offers unique advantages for seamless information exchange between aerial and underwater platforms. However, its performance, quantified by the product of coverage range and data rate, is fundamentally constrained by the rapid attenuation of MI signals with distance and frequency. This paper presents a novel relay transmission framework to address such limitations by enabling distributed superposition of magnetic induction fields. The proposed method extends MI propagation from the near-field to medium/far-field regimes, thereby mitigating signal attenuation while enhancing transmission robustness. A comprehensive propagation model and channel characterization are developed, along with closed-form expressions for channel capacity. Through systematic simulations guided by underwater coverage threshold lines, the communication range, achievable bandwidth, and Coverage×Data-Rate performance limits are rigorously evaluated under diverse relay configurations. Numerical results demonstrate that optimized relay strategies not only enable transboundary MI signals to penetrate expected underwater depths but also elevate data rates by up to 10-fold compared to conventional non-relay systems. This breakthrough significantly extends the theoretical and practical performance boundaries of transboundary MI communication, establishing relay-aided architectures as a transformative paradigm for next-generation cross-domain UUV networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A RIS-Programmable hybrid uplink for grant-Free NOMA networks with distributed signal aggregation 基于分布式信号聚合的无授权NOMA网络的ris -可编程混合上行链路

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103047

Emmanuel Atebawone , Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum , James Dzisi Gadze , Kwasi Adu-Boahen Opare , Owusu Agyeman Antwi , Robert Akromond

{"title":"A RIS-Programmable hybrid uplink for grant-Free NOMA networks with distributed signal aggregation","authors":"Emmanuel Atebawone , Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum , James Dzisi Gadze , Kwasi Adu-Boahen Opare , Owusu Agyeman Antwi , Robert Akromond","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grant-free uplink transmission enables scalable connectivity in dense wireless networks but poses fundamental challenges for reliable signal aggregation under interference- and collision-dominated access. Over-the-air analog aggregation offers low-latency superposition-based processing but is highly vulnerable to collision-induced distortion, whereas digital decoding improves reliability at the expense of reduced parallelism and increased overhead. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provide a programmable propagation mechanism that can actively reshape uplink signal superposition, rather than merely enhancing individual channel gains. This paper proposes a RIS-programmable hybrid uplink framework for grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) systems, in which the wireless environment is dynamically configured to enable either coherent analog aggregation or successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based decoding depending on instantaneous access conditions. A lightweight adaptive control policy jointly selects the uplink aggregation mode and RIS phase configuration on a per-round basis, allowing explicit regulation of aggregation distortion and access reliability without scheduling or retransmission control. Analytical results characterize the bias-variance behavior of the aggregated gradients under hybrid operation, revealing how RIS-induced coherence and partitioning govern aggregation accuracy. Simulation studies using distributed learning workloads demonstrate significant improvements in convergence efficiency and robustness under dense access, heterogeneous data distributions, and interference-dominated regimes compared with fixed-mode RIS-assisted and grant-free baselines. These results confirm the effectiveness of RIS-enabled adaptive uplink control for reliable signal aggregation in large-scale grant-free wireless networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GMSANet: A hybrid CNN-transformer network for CSI feedback GMSANet：一种用于CSI反馈的混合cnn -变压器网络

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103010

Wenhong Pan, Junjie Wu, Jiangnan Yuan

{"title":"GMSANet: A hybrid CNN-transformer network for CSI feedback","authors":"Wenhong Pan, Junjie Wu, Jiangnan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating under the frequency division duplexing (FDD) mode, user equipment (UE) is required to feed back downlink channel state information (CSI) to the base station (BS). As the number of antennas increases, CSI feedback suffers from excessive bandwidth overhead. To reduce the feedback cost and facilitate practical deployment, both convolutional neural network (CNN)-based and Transformer-based methods have achieved remarkable success in CSI feedback. However, CNN-based approaches are inherently limited by convolution operations and struggle to effectively capture global contextual information. Meanwhile, Transformer-based approaches often face insufficient local feature modeling and high computational complexity caused by the self-attention mechanism. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel CNN-Transformer hybrid architecture Gated Multi-Scale Additive Attention Network, termed GMSANet. The proposed framework is built upon two key ideas. First, we introduce a new Multi-Scale Additive Attention (MSAA) mechanism that can effectively extract multi-scale features from the CSI matrix while modeling long-range correlations with reduced computational complexity. Second, by employing gated linear units (GLU) as channel mixers, the model captures frequency-domain correlations among adjacent subcarriers, thereby enhancing local modeling capability and improving robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves superior CSI reconstruction performance while reducing computational complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonally adaptive power control for NOMA-mMIMO mmWave systems under foliage-induced attenuation 树叶诱导衰减下NOMA-mMIMO毫米波系统的季节性自适应功率控制

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103054

Mourtada Oubassghir, Mohamed Boulouird

{"title":"Seasonally adaptive power control for NOMA-mMIMO mmWave systems under foliage-induced attenuation","authors":"Mourtada Oubassghir, Mohamed Boulouird","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of vegetation between base stations and users in outdoor non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO), and millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks introduces seasonal signal attenuation, as foliage density and structure vary throughout the year. These fluctuations cause substantial performance variations, challenging reliable and energy-efficient operation.</div><div>This paper proposes a seasonally adaptive power control framework to compensate for foliage-induced attenuation in downlink NOMA-mMIMO mmWave systems. The core idea is to select a reference month and adjust the base station transmit power, raising or lowering it as needed, to maintain consistent throughput across the year relative to the chosen month. The framework employs a bisection-based optimization algorithm to determine the minimum transmit power required each month to maintain the reference spectral efficiency (SE).</div><div>Simulation results show that the approach stabilizes SE year-round and reveals a trade-off between SE and energy efficiency (EE): a high-SE reference stabilizes throughput but lowers EE in dense-foliage months, whereas a low-SE reference improves EE by reducing power but limits throughput. The framework is tunable for stability or efficiency, offering practical guidance for sustainable fifth- and sixth-generation (5G/6G) deployments in foliage-affected outdoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0