Physical Communication最新文献

{"title":"An indoor positioning algorithm fusing stacked auto-encoders and residual networks","authors":"Shuang Zhai,&nbsp;Xiao Zhao,&nbsp;Wenqing Guan,&nbsp;Chenjun Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance localization precision in multi-story complex environments, we propose an innovative indoor localization methodology that integrates an advanced stacked auto-encoder with a refined residual neural network. Initially, we architect a convolutional branch featuring multi-layer convolutional operations, built upon the foundation of a stacked auto-encoder, to facilitate skip feature connections. Subsequently, we introduce an optimized residual neural network that employs a one-dimensional convolutional layer for feature extraction, utilizes global average pooling for dimensionality reduction, and amalgamates the output of global average pooling with a multi-layer fully connected layer. This design ensures the extraction of deep features while preserving critical feature information, thereby mitigating the gradient vanishing issue prevalent in deep networks. Furthermore, our study incorporates an enhanced genetic algorithm to explore the global optimal solution, thereby augmenting the accuracy of indoor positioning. Empirical results on the UJIndoorLoc public dataset demonstrate that our proposed method achieves an average positioning error of 7.85 meters, with building identification accuracy reaching 100% and floor positioning accuracy attaining 97.2%. These results signify a substantial improvement over existing algorithms, rendering our approach particularly suitable for scenarios demanding higher positioning accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GR-WiFi: A GNU radio based WiFi platform with single-user and multi-user MIMO capability","authors":"Natong Lin ,&nbsp;Zelin Yun ,&nbsp;Shengli Zhou ,&nbsp;Song Han","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its first release, WiFi has been highly successful in providing wireless local area networks. The ever-evolving IEEE 802.11 standards continue to add new features to keep up with the trend of increasing numbers of mobile devices and the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Unfortunately, the lack of open-source IEEE 802.11 testbeds in the community limits the development and performance evaluation of those new features. Motivated by an existing popular open-source software-defined radio (SDR) package for single-user single-stream transmission based on the IEEE 802.11/a/g/p standard, in this paper we present GR-WiFi, an open-source package for single-user and multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmissions based on 802.11n and 802.11ac standards. The distinct features of GR-WiFi include the support of parallel data streams to single or multiple users, and the compatible preamble processing to allow the co-existence of conventional, high-throughput (HT) and very-high-throughput (VHT) traffics. The performance of GR-WiFi is evaluated through both extensive simulation and real-world experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of computation offloading in UAV-assisted mobile edge computing for IoT applications","authors":"Iman Dakhil Idan Saeedi ,&nbsp;Ali Kadhum M. Al-Qurabat","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless networks have received increasing research interest in recent years and are gradually being utilized in various aspects of our society. Due to the growing demand of UAV applications such as disaster management, plant protection, and environment monitoring, Mobile edge computing (MEC) was introduced to resolve the conflict and the restricted resources of Internet of Thing (IoT) devices. Note that UAV support is crucial for establishing reliable connections in regions lacking or with inadequate communication infrastructure. Combining UAV-assisted communication with MEC has been seen as a potential model shift to handle the increasing demands for big data processing from UAV-aided IoT applications. In this paper, the overall performance of MEC is determined via offloading modeling. We provide a synopsis of all the relevant research on offloading modeling, including both historical developments and more current breakthroughs. First, we present some key aspects of edge computing architecture and then classify the previous works on computation offloading into different categories. Second, an overview of offloading and its metrics, as well as a discussion of UAVs, MEC, collaboration between UAV and MEC, and offloading strategies, methodologies, and factors. The two main categories of offloading strategies are full and partial offloading. Finally, discussion and future research directions related to offloading by UAV is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSMA-enhanced ultra-dense network: Joint analysis of coverage and area spectral efficiency","authors":"Yuen Tan,&nbsp;Hongyu Ma,&nbsp;Weiguo Guan,&nbsp;Han Li,&nbsp;Tiantian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) approach is proposed to address the challenges in ultra-dense network (UDN) deployments, particularly in optimizing spectrum resource utilization and power allocation. To reflect real-world network deployment scenarios more accurately, a hybrid spatial distribution modeling method based on stochastic geometry is adopted. The locations of small base stations (SBSs) are modeled using a Poisson cluster process (PCP), while the locations of macro base stations (MBSs) are modeled using a Poisson point process (PPP). For the channel model, the Nakagami-m fading model is employed to characterize multipath propagation under both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Under this framework, closed-form expressions for the coverage probability and area spectral efficiency (ASE) of the RSMA system are derived. Results show that although the coverage performance of RSMA is degraded compared to traditional schemes in certain scenarios, its coverage probability can be effectively improved by adjusting the channel fading parameters. In high-density SBS deployment environments, the trade-off between the coverage probability and ASE of RSMA system can obtain better benefits on the overall transmission performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mission-oriented secure semantic satellite communication","authors":"Han Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanhao Li ,&nbsp;Bao Feng ,&nbsp;Qigong Xu ,&nbsp;Xincheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinghang Zheng ,&nbsp;Ji Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite communication plays a pivotal role in future 6G networks, and the introduction of semantic communication offers significant advantages such as reduced bandwidth usage and improved task relevance, especially in low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios. However, the openness of satellite links increases the risk of semantic information being intercepted at the physical layer. To address this challenge, we propose a task-oriented secure image semantic communication scheme tailored for LEO satellite links. The model integrates (<em>i</em>) probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) to improve robustness against channel noise by adapting symbol distributions to varying conditions, and (<em>ii</em>) 4-weighted-type fractional Fourier transform (4-WFRFT) to enhance physical layer security by introducing order-dependent perturbations that hinder unauthorized decoding. The model is trained to maximize semantic preservation for legitimate receivers while minimizing information gain for potential eavesdroppers. Simulation results on the CIFAR-10 dataset confirm that the proposed scheme maintains high classification accuracy across different signal-to-noise ratios and compression ratios, while significantly reducing the eavesdropper’s ability to recover meaningful content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOA estimation for movable antenna array systems under gain and phase errors","authors":"Chengzhi Ye ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Changcheng Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Yao ,&nbsp;Wen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movable antenna (MA) technology has become a promising technology in the field of wireless communications. By adjusting the spatial position of the antennas in a confined region, more accurate direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation can be achieved. This paper investigates the phase errors and gain fluctuations induced by the movement of MA during operation. We develop a method for DOA estimation in MA array systems affected by gain and phase errors. This method employs the covariance matrix of the array output signals to accurately estimate gain errors. By leveraging the Hadamard product of the covariance matrix, we extract quantities that are insensitive to phase errors, thereby enabling accurate DOA estimation. In addition, we analyze the impact of antenna positioning at various locations on performance, as well as the effect of movement distance on the antenna. Based on these analyses, we propose a straightforward linear array reconfiguration method. Simulation results indicate that under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, the rearranged array exhibits superior performance compared to traditional array setups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of multi-antenna multi-IRS assisted communication system for 6G wireless networks","authors":"Suresh Penchala ,&nbsp;Shravan Kumar Bandari ,&nbsp;Sivaprasad Valluri ,&nbsp;V.V. Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A single-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted communication system is one of the potential solutions to address blockage issues by creating a virtual line-of-sight (LOS) link between the transmitter and the receiver. In this work, to address the limited coverage angle posed by single-IRS, a multi-antenna multi-IRS supported system model is considered under a generalized <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> wireless fading channel. Deriving the statistical information of the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the theoretical expressions of bit error rate (BER), Ergodic capacity (EC), and outage probability were derived, which cover Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, and exponential distributions as corner cases. Extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations demonstrate the validity of all the analytical expressions. The investigation focused on examining the impact of individual parameters such as fading parameters, the number of IRSs, the number of reflecting elements, the number of antennas at the transmitter, and the position of the IRSs. A thorough comparative analysis reveals the fact that the multiple antenna multiple IRS system outperforms in all the performance metrics under consideration, with respect to the single IRS single-input single-output (SISO) system. Furthermore, we present an energy efficiency (EE) and energy consumption gain assessment for the multi-IRS system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization for full-duplex emergency communication enhanced by Beyond-diagonal RIS","authors":"Kai Cheng,&nbsp;Wei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In post-disaster scenarios, there are high demands for the convenience, flexibility, and energy efficiency of emergency communication setup. Beyond-diagonal (BD) RIS presents benefits including passivity, ease of deployment, and cost-effectiveness, while also providing a significant performance improvement over conventional RIS. This paper investigates the potential of a BD-RIS-aided full-duplex (FD) system to enhance communication quality and spectral efficiency in post-disaster scenarios, where the BD-RIS is deployed to establish reflective links with users in blind zones. Firstly, we aim to maximize the weighted sum of downlink and uplink rates by jointly designing the transmit precoder of temporary base station and the phase shift matrix of BD-RIS, while satisfying the transmit power, symmetry and orthogonality constraints. Then, to address this non-convex problem, we reformulate the original problem as a weighted sum of mean squared error minimization problem and employ the alternating optimization algorithm as well as the alternating direction method of multipliers to solve this equivalent minimization problem. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a superior weighted sum of downlink and uplink rates compared to a baseline schemes. Additionally, deploying a BD-RIS may also reduce the transmit energy expenditure of users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EBi2ET protocol for self-sustainable IRS-assisted bidirectional communication: A transfer learning approach","authors":"Md Sarfraz Alam,&nbsp;R.S. Kurmvanshi,&nbsp;G. Prasad,&nbsp;P. Pattanayak","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internet of Things (IoT) networks require sensors to collect real-time data for various applications, but they have limited battery capacity for ubiquitous services. In this work, we address the critical energy limitations in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) by introducing an energy borrowing (EB) mechanism to ensure reliable bidirectional communication. We develop a novel framework, EB-assisted integrated information and energy transfer (EBi<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>ET) protocol for self-sustainable IoT networks. Here, a hybrid access point (HAP) performs bidirectional communication with a source (or sensor) node via an IRS. For self-sustainability, HAP harvests energy from the ambient solar/wind. But for ubiquitous energy supply, HAP borrows energy from the power grid (PG) and returns the energy with interest, when it has sufficient energy from the ambient energy harvesting (EH). Further, HAP transfers the energy to the source via IRS using nonlinear radio frequency EH (RF-EH). Then, both HAP and source perform bidirectional communication. To enhance self-sustainable communication, we formulate a joint optimization problem aimed at maximizing the bidirectional data rate while accounting for energy transactions. Although managing these transactions and bidirectional communications in an unknown environment presents challenges, we address them effectively by transforming the problem into a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Leveraging the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm, we derive the optimal online policy within a continuous action space. To further accelerate convergence and improve stability, we incorporate a transfer learning (TL)-based DDPG approach. Lastly, we demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method through performance comparisons with existing benchmark schemes, where the EBi<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>ET protocol achieves an impressive average performance gain of 193.58%. Furthermore, TD3 without TL, IRS-WPCN, EBi<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>ER, and i<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>ER protocols also yield notable improvements of 187.33%, 95.33%, 67.02%, and 43.18%, respectively, over the benchmark.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOMA-based RIS-IoV networks: Perspective of power allocations and RIS deployments","authors":"Jinyuan Gu ,&nbsp;Biting Zhuo ,&nbsp;Jinliang Huang ,&nbsp;Feifei Song ,&nbsp;Wei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper compares the system performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) internet of vehicles (IoV) systems with different RIS deployment locations. Firstly, we distinguish two RIS deployment locations and two decoding schemes based on their corresponding NOMA power allocation coefficients. Then, using Jensen’s inequality, the upper bounds on the channel capacity of the two decoding schemes are derived. By considering the RIS location (from the base station to the RIS) and the geometric included angle of the near user-base station-RIS, as well as using the Taylor expansion of the binary function, we obtain an approximate expression for the RIS location that equalizes the upper bound of the two decoding schemes in the situation of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In particular, when the channel gain difference between the two users’ direct links is too large, the gain provided by the RIS will be insufficient to bridge the gap in channel quality between the near and far users. Moreover, simulation results show that when both the distance and the angle are not fixed, the achievable sum-rates of the two decoding schemes will be equal when the RIS is at certain positions, which form a three-dimensional curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}