Physical Review E最新文献

{"title":"Low efficiency of Janus microswimmers as hydrodynamic mixers.","authors":"Maximilian R Bailey, Dmitry A Fedosov, Federico Paratore, Fabio Grillo, Gerhard Gompper, Lucio Isa","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The generation of fluid flows by autophoretic microswimmers has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance mass transport and mixing at the micro- and nanoscale. Here, we experimentally investigate the ability of model 2D active baths of photocatalytic silica-titania Janus microspheres to enhance the diffusivity of tracer particles at different microswimmer densities below the onset of collective behavior. Inspired by the similarities between our experimental findings and previous results for biological microorganisms, we then model our Janus microswimmers using a general squirmer framework, specifically treating them as neutral squirmers. The numerical simulations faithfully capture our observations, offer an insight into the microscopic mechanism underpinning tracer transport, and allow us to expand the parameter space beyond our experimental system. We find strong evidence that near-field interactions dominate enhancements in tracer diffusivity in active Janus baths, leading to the identification of an operating window for enhanced tracer transport by chemical microswimmers based on scaling arguments. Based on this argumentation, we suggest that for many chemically active colloidal systems, hydrodynamics alone is likely to be insufficient to induce appreciable mixing of passive components with large diffusion coefficients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aubry transition with small distortions.","authors":"O Cépas, P Quémerais","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We show that when the Aubry transition occurs in incommensurately distorted structures, the amplitude of the distortions is not necessarily large as suggested by the standard Frenkel-Kontorova mechanical model. By modifying the shape of the potential in such a way that the mechanical force is locally stronger (i.e., increasing the nonlinearities), the transition may occur at a small amplitude of the potential with small distortions. A phason gap then opens, while the phonon spectrum resembles a standard undistorted spectrum at higher energies. This may explain the existence of pinned phases with very small distortions as experimentally observed in charge-density waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bifurcation control and analysis of traffic flow model based on driver prediction effect.","authors":"Wen-Huan Ai, Yi-Fan Zhang, Dan-Dan Xing, Da-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the measured data, in this paper, we find that there are significant differences in the ideal speed of drivers with different attributes during their driving process. Through wavelet analysis, it is proved that the regularity of the car-following behavior of the driver is poor in a short time, and it cannot be predicted and analyzed at a small time scale. As one of the important participants in the traffic system, it is necessary to consider the driving behavior factors in the traffic flow model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a nonuniform continuous traffic flow model. Based on the difference in the expected headway of the driver, the model considers the self-stabilization effect of the prediction time of the driver on the optimal speed difference and considers control theory to further improve the model. Through this model, the bifurcation theory can be applied to the stability analysis of the traffic system to study the stability mutation behavior of the traffic system at the bifurcation point. Through linear and nonlinear analysis methods, the stability conditions of the model can be derived, and the type of equilibrium point of the model can be judged. In addition, the random function is applied to the traffic model, and the bifurcation control is carried out for the bifurcation behavior in the traffic; that is, the bifurcation characteristics of the traffic system are changed by designing linear and nonlinear random feedback controllers. In this paper, we theoretically prove the existence conditions and types of Hopf bifurcation at the equilibrium point of the model and analyze the internal causes of the stability mutation of the traffic flow through the Hopf bifurcation point. Then a feedback controller is designed to control the amplitude of the Hopf bifurcation and the limit cycle formed by the Hopf bifurcation. Finally, the theoretical derivation results are verified by experimental numerical simulation. In this paper, we show that, by adjusting the control parameters of the feedback controller, the Hopf bifurcation of the stochastic system can be delayed or even eliminated, and the amplitude of the limit cycle formed by the Hopf bifurcation can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of controlling the stability of the traffic system and prevent or alleviate traffic congestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ductile and brittle yielding of athermal amorphous solids: A mean-field paradigm beyond the random-field Ising model.","authors":"Jack T Parley, Peter Sollich","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.045002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.045002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amorphous solids can yield in either a ductile or brittle manner under strain: plastic deformation can set in gradually, or abruptly through a macroscopic stress drop. Developing a unified theory describing both ductile and brittle yielding constitutes a fundamental challenge of nonequilibrium statistical physics. Recently, it has been proposed that, in the absence of thermal effects, the nature of the yielding transition is controlled by physics akin to that of the quasistatically driven random field Ising model (RFIM), which has served as the paradigm for understanding the effect of quenched disorder in slowly driven systems with short-ranged interactions. However, this theoretical picture neglects both the dynamics of, and the elasticity-induced long-ranged interactions between, the mesoscopic material constituents. Here, we address these two aspects and provide a unified theory building on the Hébraud-Lequeux elastoplastic description. The first aspect is crucial to understanding the competition between the imposed deformation rate and the finite timescale of plastic rearrangements: We provide a dynamical description of the macroscopic stress drop, as well as predictions for the shifting of the brittle yield strain and the scaling of the peak susceptibility with inverse shear rate. The second is essential to capture properly the behavior in the limit of quasistatic driving, where avalanches of plasticity diverge with system size at any value of the strain. We fully characterise the avalanche behavior, which is radically different to that of the RFIM. In the quasistatic, infinite-size limit, we find that both models have mean-field Landau exponents, obscuring the effect of the interactions. We show, however, that the latter profoundly affect the behavior of finite systems approaching the spinodal-like brittle yield point, where we recover qualitatively the finite-size trends found in particle simulations. The interactions also modify the nature of the random critical point separating ductile and brittle yielding, where we predict critical behavior on top of the marginality present at any value of the strain. We finally discuss how all our predictions can be directly tested against particle simulations and eventually experiments, and make first steps in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-2","pages":"045002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of transport through evolving spatial networks.","authors":"Ali Molavi, Hossein Hamzehpour, Reza Shaebani","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insight into the blockage vulnerability of evolving spatial networks is important for understanding transport resilience, robustness, and failure of a broad class of real-world structures such as porous media and utility, urban traffic, and infrastructure networks. By exhaustive search for central transport hubs on porous lattice structures, we recursively determine and block the emerging main hub until the evolving network reaches the impenetrability limit. We find that the blockage backbone is a self-similar path with a fractal dimension which is distinctly smaller than that of the universality class of optimal path crack models. The number of blocking steps versus the rescaled initial occupation fraction collapses onto a master curve for different network sizes, allowing for the prediction of the onset of impenetrability. The shortest-path length distribution broadens during the blocking process reflecting an increase of spatial correlations. We address the reliability of our predictions upon increasing the disorder or decreasing the fraction of processed structural information.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical formulation of the Onsager-Machlup variational principle.","authors":"Kento Yasuda, Kenta Ishimoto, Shigeyuki Komura","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onsager's variational principle provides us with a systematic way to derive dynamical equations for various soft matter and active matter. By reformulating the Onsager-Machlup variational principle (OMVP), which is a time-global principle, we propose a new method to incorporate thermal fluctuations. To demonstrate the utility of the statistical formulation of OMVP, we obtain the diffusion constant of a Brownian particle embedded in a viscous fluid by maximizing the modified Onsager-Machlup integral for the surrounding fluid. We also apply our formulation to a Brownian particle in a steady shear flow, which is a typical nonequilibrium system. Possible extensions of our formulation to internally driven active systems are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical short-time behavior of majority-vote model on scale-free networks.","authors":"D S M Alencar, J F S Neto, T F A Alves, F W S Lima, R S Ferreira, G A Alves, A Macedo-Filho","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discuss the short-time behavior of the majority vote dynamics on scale-free networks at the critical threshold. A heterogeneous mean-field theory on the critical short-time behavior of the majority-vote model on scale-free networks is introduced. In addition, the heterogeneous mean-field predictions are compared with extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the short-time dependencies of the order parameter and the susceptibility. Closed expressions of the dynamical exponent z and the time correlation exponent ν_{∥} are obtained. The short-time scaling is compatible with a nonuniversal critical behavior for 5/2<γ<7/2. However, for γ≥7/2, we have the mean-field Ising criticality with additional logarithmic corrections for γ=7/2, the same as the stationary scaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of magnetic anisotropy on three-qubit antiferromagnetic thermal machines.","authors":"Bastian Castorene, Francisco J Peña, Ariel Norambuena, Sergio E Ulloa, Cristobal Araya, Patricio Vargas","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the anisotropic effects on a system of three qubits with chain and ring topology, described by the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg XXX model subjected to a homogeneous magnetic field. We explore the Stirling and Otto cycles and find that easy-axis anisotropy significantly enhances engine efficiency across all cases. At low temperatures, the ring configuration outperforms the chain on both work and efficiency during the Stirling cycle. Additionally, in both topologies, the Stirling cycle achieves Carnot efficiency with finite work at quantum critical points. In contrast, the quasistatic Otto engine also reaches Carnot efficiency at these points but yields no useful work. Notably, the Stirling cycle exhibits all thermal operational regimes-engine, refrigerator, heater, and accelerator-unlike the quasistatic Otto cycle, which functions only as an engine or refrigerator.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dense plasma opacity from excited states method.","authors":"C E Starrett, C J Fontes, H B Tran Tan, J M Kasper, J R White","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.045208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.045208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The self-consistent inclusion of plasma effects in opacity calculations is a significant modeling challenge. As density increases, such effects can no longer be treated perturbatively. Building on a a recently published model that addresses this challenge, we calculate opacities of oxygen at solar interior conditions. The new model includes the effects of treating the free electrons consistently with the bound electrons, and the influence of free electron energy and entropy variations are explored. It is found that, relative to a state-of-the-art-model that does not include these effects, the bound free opacity of the oxygen plasmas considered can increase by 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-2","pages":"045208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of particle elongation on dense granular flows down a rough inclined plane.","authors":"Jixiong Liu, Lu Jing, Thomas Pähtz, Yifei Cui, Gordon G D Zhou, Xudong Fu","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.044902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granular materials in nature are nearly always nonspherical, but particle shape effects in granular flow remain largely elusive. This study uses discrete element method simulations to investigate how elongated particle shapes affect the mobility of dense granular flows down a rough incline. For a range of systematically varied particle length-to-diameter aspect ratios (AR), we run simulations with various flow thicknesses h and slope angles θ to extract the well-known h_{stop}(θ) curves (below which the flow ceases) and the Fr-h/h_{stop} relations following Pouliquen's approach, where Fr=u/sqrt[gh] is the Froude number, u is the mean flow velocity, and g is the gravitational acceleration. The slope β of the Fr-h/h_{stop} relations shows an intriguing S-shaped dependence on AR, with two plateaus at small and large AR, respectively, transitioning with a sharp increase. We understand this S-shaped dependence by examining statistics of particle orientation, alignment, and hindered rotation. We find that the rotation ability of weakly elongated particles (AR≲1.3) remains similar to spheres, leading to the first plateau in the β-AR relation, whereas the effects of particle orientation saturate beyond AR≈2.0, explaining the second plateau. An empirical sigmoidal function is proposed to capture this nonlinear dependence. The findings are expected to enhance our understanding of how particle shape affects the flow of granular materials from both the flow- and particle-scale perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"110 4-1","pages":"044902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}