Physical Review E最新文献

{"title":"Nonstationary critical phenomena: Expanding the critical point.","authors":"Richard E Spinney, Richard G Morris","doi":"10.1103/hx6n-9qsk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/hx6n-9qsk","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A prototypical model of symmetry-broken active matter-biased quorum-sensing active particles (bQSAPs)-is used to extend notions of dynamic critical phenomena to the paradigmatic setting of driven transport, where characteristic behaviors are nonstationary and involve persistent fluxes. To do so, we construct an effective field theory with a single order-parameter-a nonstationary analog of active model B-that reflects the fact that different properties of bQSAPs can only be interpreted in terms of passive thermodynamics in appropriately chosen inertial frames. This codifies the movement of phase boundaries due to nonequilibrium fluxes between coexisting bulk phases in terms of a difference in effective chemical potentials and therefore an unequal tangent construction on a bulk free energy density. The result is both an anomalous form of coarsening and, more generally, an exotic phase structure; binodals are permitted to cross spinodal lines so that criticality is no longer constrained to a single point. Instead, criticality, with exponents that are seemingly unchanged from symmetric QSAPs, is shown to exist along a line that marks the entry to an otherwise forbidden region of phase space. The interior of this region is not critical in the conventional sense but retains certain features of criticality, which we term pseudocritical. While an inability to satisfy a Ginzburg criterion implies that fluctuations remain relevant at macroscopic scales, finite-wave-number fluctuations grow at finite rates and exhibit nontrivial dispersion relations. The interplay between the growth of fluctuations and the speed at which they move relative to the bulk results in distinct regimes of micro- and meso-phase separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-1","pages":"064129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-way catalysis in a solvable lattice model.","authors":"Sara Mahdavi, Yann Sakref, Olivier Rivoire","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.111.064106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.064106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catalysts speed up chemical reactions with no energy input and without being transformed in the process, therefore leaving equilibrium constants unchanged. Some catalysts, however, are much more efficient at accelerating one direction of a reaction. Is it possible for catalysis to be strictly unidirectional, accelerating only one direction of a reaction? Can we observe directional catalysis by analyzing the microscopic trajectory of a single reactant undergoing conversions between a substrate and a product state? We use the framework of a simple but exactly solvable lattice model to study these questions. The model provides examples of strictly one-way catalysts and illustrates a mathematical relationship between the asymmetric transition rates that underlie directional catalysis and the symmetric transition fluxes that underlie chemical equilibrium. The degree of directionality generally depends on the catalytic mechanism and we compare different mechanisms to show how they can obey different scaling laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-1","pages":"064106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant diffusion of Debye Brownian oscillators in weakly tilted periodic potentials.","authors":"Lin Miao, He-Chuan Liu, Jing-Xue Sun, Peng-Cheng Li, Jing-Dong Bao, Ming-Gen Li","doi":"10.1103/6z4r-wpj9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/6z4r-wpj9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the diffusive dynamics of Debye Brownian oscillators in tilted periodic potentials. These oscillators are driven by Debye-type noise characterized by a spectral density with a hard cutoff at high finite frequencies. For force-free Debye Brownian oscillators, we derive an explicit expression for the self-oscillating frequency of the velocity autocorrelation function. When subjected to weakly tilted forces in a periodic potential, the oscillators exhibit a resonant diffusion phenomenon. Specifically, the effective diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum when the self-oscillating frequency matches the frequency of local wells in the tilted periodic potential. We attribute this resonance diffusion to the competition between fluctuation and friction. At resonance, the effective temperature exhibits a more pronounced increase compared with the effective friction. As the tilted force increases, the resonant diffusion phenomenon gradually disappears. This is accompanied by a monotonic decrease in the effective diffusion coefficient, caused by stronger friction with increasing cutoff frequency. This study provides insights into diffusive dynamics in realistic systems with limited resources, which may have implications for understanding various physical processes involving Brownian motion in complex environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-1","pages":"064118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of irreversibility in quantum many-body systems.","authors":"Takato Yoshimura, Lucas Sá","doi":"10.1103/82f6-qdyd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/82f6-qdyd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We address the longstanding challenge in quantum many-body theory of reconciling unitary dynamics with irreversible relaxation. In classical chaos, the unitary evolution operator develops Ruelle-Pollicott (RP) resonances inside the unit circle in the continuum limit, leading to mixing. In the semiclassical limit, chaotic single-particle quantum systems relax with the same RP resonances. In contrast, the theory of quantum many-body RP resonances and their link to irreversibility remain underdeveloped. Here, we relate the spectral form factor to the sum of autocorrelation functions and, in generic many-body lattice systems without conservation laws, we argue that all quantum many-body RP resonances converge inside the unit disk, highlighting the role of nonunitary and the thermodynamic limit. While we conjecture this picture to be general, we analytically prove the emergence of irreversibility in the random phase model (RPM), a paradigmatic Floquet quantum circuit model, in the limit of large local Hilbert space dimension. To this end, we couple it to local environments and compute the exact time evolution of autocorrelation functions, the dissipative form factor, and out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs). Although valid for any dissipation strength, we then focus on weak dissipation to clarify the origin of irreversibility in unitary systems. When the dissipationless limit is taken after the thermodynamic limit, the unitary quantum map develops an infinite tower of decaying RP resonances-chaotic systems display so-called anomalous relaxation. We identify the exact RP resonances in the RPM and prove that the same RP resonances are obtained from operator truncation. We also show that the OTOC in the RPM can undergo a two-stage relaxation, and that during the second stage, the approach to the stationary value is again controlled by the leading RP resonance. Finally, we demonstrate how conservation laws, many-body localization, and nonlocal interactions merge the leading RP resonance into the unit circle, thereby suppressing anomalous relaxation. Our findings clarify the microscopic origin of macroscopic relaxation in quantum systems and emphasize the role of RP resonances as a largely unexplored signature of many-body quantum chaos.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-1","pages":"064135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive modeling of microscale gas breakdown under extremely high electric field.","authors":"Jiandong Chen, Yangyang Fu","doi":"10.1103/wjfj-3qfv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/wjfj-3qfv","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We develop theoretical models for microscale breakdown under extremely high electric field conditions, by incorporating physical mechanisms associated with extremely strong electric fields, such as field emission, electron runaway, ion impact ionization, and the dynamics of fast atoms, which allows for accurate predictions of trends observed in existing experiments and simulations. Specifically, the mechanisms of breakdown characteristics exhibiting a multivalued curve in helium and a single-valued curve in argon are explicitly revealed. The results from the presented model also indicate that strong field-driven heavy particle reactions occur preferentially between smooth electrodes rather than rough electrodes in a microgap. Furthermore, simplified breakdown models tailored for argon and helium under strong field conditions are proposed after excluding less significant processes, providing theoretical references for the insulation design of miniaturized gaseous electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-2","pages":"065214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of Landau damping oscillations in very weakly collisional plasma.","authors":"Evgeny V Polyachenko, Ilia G Shukhman","doi":"10.1103/zspf-dhw4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/zspf-dhw4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Landau-damped oscillations in collisionless plasmas, described by van Kampen and Case, are quasimodes, representing a continuous superposition of singular eigenfunctions, not true eigenmodes. Recent work by Ng et al. shows that even rare collisions replace these singular modes with discrete regular modes having complex eigenvalues for the phase velocity (or frequency), approaching Landau eigenvalues in the collisionless limit. We analytically derive approximate expressions for the eigenvalue correction due to rare collisions and for the shape of the eigenfunction describing distribution function perturbations in velocity space, demonstrating its increasing oscillations in the resonance region as the collision frequency tends to zero. We also obtain approximate expressions for the resonance region's width and peak value, and the oscillation period within it. We validate these analytical results with high-precision numerical calculations using a standard linear matrix eigenvalue problem approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-2","pages":"065213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positional ordering and close packing of hard spheres in nanochannels.","authors":"Szabolcs Varga","doi":"10.1103/7spz-tppl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/7spz-tppl","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phase behavior of a quasi-one-dimensional fluid of hard spheres is studied in hard cylindrical and rectangular straight channels using the transfer operator method. The radius of the channel (R) is chosen such that only first-neighbor interactions are present, which allows only fluidlike and zigzag solidlike structures to form. It is managed to show that the fluid-solid structural change occurs approximately at ρ=1/〈σ_{∥}〉, where ρ is the one-dimensional density and 〈σ_{||}〉 is the average of the longitudinal contact distance in the case of uniform particle distribution. At this density, the pressure of positionally disordered structure diverges, but the pressure ratio (P/P_{T}), where P is the pressure of the system and P_{T} is the pressure of an effective one-dimensional hard rod fluid, exhibits a peak. At the close packing, while the positional fluctuation (〈Δr^{2}〉) vanishes with P^{β[over ̃]}, where β[over ̃]=-2 for any R and cross section, P/P_{T} (we call it α[over ̃]) goes to 2 in the rectangular and 2.5 in the cylindrical channel. The most striking difference can be observed in the transversal position correlation length (ξ). It exhibits exp(ΔP) dependence in the rectangular channel with Δ being the extra length necessary to create a defect. However, ξ goes with P^{γ[over ̃]} in the cylindrical channel, where γ[over ̃]=1. Interestingly, the cylindrically confined hard spheres obey the sum rules α[over ̃]+β[over ̃]=1/2 and β[over ̃]+γ[over ̃]=-1 for any R.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-2","pages":"065418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombination effects in laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions.","authors":"S Morris, D O Gericke, S Fritzsche, J Machado, J P Santos, M Afshari","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.111.065209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.065209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombination effects are shown to modify the charge-state distribution achieved in the acceleration of heavy ions during high-intensity laser-solid interactions. A recombination package has been developed for particle-in-cell codes, which includes dielectronic, radiative, and three-body recombination. One-dimensional simulations were then performed to model a recent experiment, where 4.1×10^{20}Wcm^{-2} laser pulses heated thin gold targets to produce gold ion beams. Simulations show that the ion beams from 100-nm targets were unaffected by recombination, but that recombination caused charge states to drop in 300-nm targets, similar to experimental observations. These differences were attributed to target temperature, as 300-nm targets were heated to lower temperatures than 100-nm targets during the laser-target interaction, causing ions to spend more time in environments where recombination rates dominated ionization rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-2","pages":"065209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of compressional dynamics in setting the scale-dependent rheology of granular flows: An explanation for the emergence of thin layer stability.","authors":"Christopher Harper, Josef Dufek, Eric C P Breard","doi":"10.1103/qk3y-24s5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qk3y-24s5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One great challenge of modeling granular systems lies in capturing the rheologic dependencies on scale. For example, there are marked differences between quasistatic, intermediate, and rapid flow regimes. In this study, we demonstrate that assumptions for infinite stiffness of rigid particles, an assumption upon which the state-of-the-art [μ(I)-rheology] modeling approaches are constructed, must be relaxed in order to recover the physical mechanisms behind many scale-dependent and nonlocal rheological effects. Any relaxation of the infinite stiffness assumption allows for particles to compress in series, whereby the number of simultaneously compressed particles controls the extent to which end-member particles experience a modified coefficient of effective friction, analogous to reduced stiffness for springs in series. To demonstrate the importance of such a mechanism in setting the dynamics for dense rigid granular systems, we show that modifying simple models to include the kinematics introduced by compression in series captures the emergence of thin layer stability, a widely observed yet incompletely explained nonlocal granular phenomenon. We also discuss, in general, how knowledge of the contact network and softness provides a potential physical basis for the diffusion of granular temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-2","pages":"065409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancilla measurement-based quantum Otto engine using double-pair spin architecture.","authors":"S R Rathnakaran, Asoka Biswas","doi":"10.1103/w4j5-gftl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/w4j5-gftl","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a quantum-heat engine model utilizing a dual spin-pair architecture, wherein an Otto-like cycle is implemented using a single heat bath. The conventional cold bath is replaced by a measurement protocol, enabling engine operation without the need for a second thermal reservoir. Unlike standard quantum-heat engines, our framework employs an ancillary spin pair in a two-dimensional configuration to regulate performance. Operating in finite time, the engine attains finite power, which is enhanced through quantum correlations, specifically correlation between spin pairs and projective measurements on the ancillary pair. The system consists of dual-qubit pairs, where one pair serves as the working medium and the other as an ancillary system facilitating measurement-induced heat exchange. We demonstrate that the engine efficiency can exceed the standard quantum Otto limit through local control of the ancillary pair while maintaining nonzero power output. Moreover, correlation between spin pairs enables efficiency modulation via the measurement basis, underscoring the role of quantum resources in optimizing quantum thermal machines.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 6-1","pages":"064116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}