{"title":"Application-Oriented Cloud Workload Prediction: A Survey and New Perspectives","authors":"Binbin Feng;Zhijun Ding","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010024","url":null,"abstract":"Workload prediction is critical in enabling proactive resource management of cloud applications. Accurate workload prediction is valuable for cloud users and providers as it can effectively guide many practices, such as performance assurance, cost reduction, and energy consumption optimization. However, cloud workload prediction is highly challenging due to the complexity and dynamics of workloads, and various solutions have been proposed to enhance the prediction behavior. This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding and categorization of existing solutions through extensive literature reviews. Unlike existing surveys, for the first time, we comprehensively sort out and analyze the development landscape of workload prediction from a new perspective, i.e., application-oriented rather than prediction methodologies per se. Specifically, we first introduce the basic features of workload prediction, and then analyze and categorize existing efforts based on two significant characteristics of cloud applications: variability and heterogeneity. Furthermore, we also investigate how workload prediction is applied to resource management. Finally, open research opportunities in workload prediction are highlighted to foster further advancements.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"34-54"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attack and Defense Game with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs in Infrastructure Networks","authors":"Yibo Dong;Jin Liu;Jiaqi Ren;Zhe Li;Weili Li","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010063","url":null,"abstract":"Due to our increasing dependence on infrastructure networks, the attack and defense game in these networks has draw great concerns from security agencies. Moreover, when it comes to evaluating the payoffs in practical attack and defense games in infrastructure networks, the lack of consideration for the fuzziness and uncertainty of subjective human judgment brings forth significant challenges to the analysis of strategic interactions among decision makers. This paper employs intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) to depict such uncertain payoffs, and introduce a theoretical framework for analyzing the attack and defense game in infrastructure networks based on intuitionistic fuzzy theory. We take the changes in three complex network metrics as the universe of discourse, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets are employed based on this universe of discourse to reflect the satisfaction of decision makers. We employ an algorithm based on intuitionistic fuzzy theory to find the Nash equilibrium, and conduct experiments on both local and global networks. Results show that: (1) the utilization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets to depict the payoffs of attack and defense games in infrastructure networks can reflect the unique characteristics of decision makers' subjective preferences. (2) the use of differently weighted proportions of the three complex network metrics has little impact on decision makers' choices of different strategies.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"384-401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extensible Bloom Filters: Adaptive Strategies for Scalability and Efficiency in Network and Distributed Systems to Handle Increased Data","authors":"Jigang Wen;Shuyu Pei;Chuhan Yan;Kun Xie;Wei Liang","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010160","url":null,"abstract":"Bloom Filters (BFs) are compact and probabilistic data structures designed for efficient set membership queries. They offer high query and storage efficiency, making them particularly useful in network and distributed systems. However, the scalability of BFs in accommodating “big data” is limited by increased false positive rates, inflexible hash functions, and inefficient matching with dynamic datasets. To address these limitations, we introduce the Extensible Bloom Filter (EBF), which incorporates a flexible expansion mechanism and an adaptive hash function generation scheme. The EBF design features a set of BF vectors that expand according to the rate of incoming data, with each vector sized to suit the characteristics of the data. Adaptive hash functions, derived from common base matrices, streamline the process by leveraging strong inter-hash relationships. This reduces overhead and simplifies queries across multiple BF vector sizes. Performance evaluations have shown that the EBF consistently achieves a low false positive rate and minimal query time, even amid dynamic data arrivals and large data sets. With its extensibility and adaptability, the EBF provides a robust solution for applications requiring dynamic set representations with stringent accuracy requirements. It enhances the capabilities of network and distributed systems, making them more efficient in handling complex data scenarios.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"1846-1864"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10678800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive Metasurface-Based Low Earth Orbit Ground Station Design","authors":"Hao Pan;Lili Qiu","doi":"10.26599/TST.2023.9010157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2023.9010157","url":null,"abstract":"Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is vital for wireless systems. The main challenges in designing LEO satellite ground stations include increasing the input signal strength to counteract severe path loss, and adaptively steering the direction of the output signal to accommodate the continuous movement of LEO satellites. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel transceiver system, referred to as MetaLEO. This system integrates a passive metasurface with a small phased array, enabling powerful focusing and adaptive signal steering. By harnessing the metasurface's robust wavefront manipulation capabilities and the programmability of phased arrays, MetaLEO offers an efficient and cost-effective solution that supports both uplink and downlink bands. Specifically, we devise a joint optimization model specifically to obtain the optimal uplink codebook for phased array antennas and metasurface phase profile, which enables electronic steering. In a similar manner, we establish the downlink metasurface phase profile to enhance focusing and signal reception. MetaLEO's efficacy is evaluated via theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments. Our prototype includes a single metasurface with 21×21 uplink and 22×22 downlink elements, and a 1×4 antenna array for receiving and transmitting. Experimental results show signal strength improvements of 8.32 dB (uplink) and 16.57 dB (downlink).","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"148-160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum-Inspired Sensitive Data Measurement and Secure Transmission in 5G-Enabled Healthcare Systems","authors":"Xiaohong Lv;Shalli Rani;Shanmuganathan Manimurugan;Adam Slowik;Yanhong Feng","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010122","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential advancement witnessed in 5G communication and quantum computing has presented unparalleled prospects for safeguarding sensitive data within healthcare infrastructures. This study proposes a novel framework for healthcare applications that integrates 5G communication, quantum computing, and sensitive data measurement to address the challenges of measuring and securely transmitting sensitive medical data. The framework includes a quantum-inspired method for quantifying data sensitivity based on quantum superposition and entanglement principles and a delegated quantum computing protocol for secure data transmission in 5G-enabled healthcare systems, ensuring user anonymity and data confidentiality. The framework is applied to innovative healthcare scenarios, such as secure 5G voice communication, data transmission, and short message services. Experimental results demonstrate the framework's high accuracy in sensitive data measurement and enhanced security for data transmission in 5G healthcare systems, surpassing existing approaches.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"456-478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A P4-Based Approach to Traffic Isolation and Bandwidth Management for 5G Network Slicing","authors":"Wenji He;Haipeng Yao;Huan Chang;Yunjie Liu","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010020","url":null,"abstract":"With various service types including massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), fifth generation (5G) networks require advanced resources management strategies. As a method to segment network resources logically, network slicing (NS) addresses the challenges of heterogeneity and scalability prevalent in these networks. Traditional software-defined networking (SDN) technologies, lack the flexibility needed for precise control over network resources and fine-grained packet management. This has led to significant developments in programmable switches, with programming protocol-independent packet processors (P4) emerging as a transformative programming language. P4 endows network devices with flexibility and programmability, overcoming traditional SDN limitations and enabling more dynamic, precise network slicing implementations. In our work, we leverage the capabilities of P4 to forge a groundbreaking closed-loop architecture that synergizes the programmable data plane with an intelligent control plane. We set up a token bucket-based bandwidth management and traffic isolation mechanism in the data plane, and use the generative diffusion model to generate the key configuration of the strategy in the control plane. Through comprehensive experimentation, we validate the effectiveness of our architecture, underscoring its potential as a significant advancement in 5G network traffic management.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"171-185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LP-Rounding Based Algorithm for Capacitated Uniform Facility Location Problem with Soft Penalties","authors":"Runjie Miao;Chenchen Wu;Jinjiang Yuan","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010040","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitated facility location problem (CFLP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem that has various applications in operations research, theoretical computer science, and management science. In the CFLP, we have a potential facilities set and a clients set. Each facility has a certain capacity and an open cost, and each client has a spliitable demand that need to be met. The goal is to open some facilities and assign all clients to these open facilities so that the total cost is as low as possible. The CFLP is NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial-hard), and a large amount of work has been devoted to designing approximation algorithms for CFLP and its variants. Following this vein, we introduce a new variant of CFLP called capacitated uniform facility location problem with soft penalties (CUFLPSP), in which the demand of each client can be partially rejected by paying penalty costs. As a result, we present a linear programming-rounding (LP-rounding) based 5.5122-approximation algorithm for the CUFLPSP.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"279-289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CPT: A Configurable Predictability Testbed for DNN Inference in AVs","authors":"Liangkai Liu;Yanzhi Wang;Weisong Shi","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010037","url":null,"abstract":"Predictability is an essential challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs)‘ safety. Deep neural networks have been widely deployed in the AV's perception pipeline. However, it is still an open question on how to guarantee the perception predictability for AV because there are millions of deep neural networks (DNNs) model combinations and system configurations when deploying DNNs in AVs. This paper proposes configurable predictability testbed (CPT), a configurable testbed for quantifying the predictability in AV's perception pipeline. CPT provides flexible configurations of the perception pipeline on data, DNN models, fusion policy, scheduling policies, and predictability metrics. On top of CPT, the researchers can profile and optimize the predictability issue caused by different application and system configurations. CPT has been open-sourced at: https://github.com/Torreskai0722/CPT.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabeer Ahmad;Jinling Zhang;Ali Nauman;Adil Khan;Khizar Abbas;Babar Hayat
{"title":"Deep-EERA: DRL-Based Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in UAV-Empowered Beyond 5G Networks","authors":"Shabeer Ahmad;Jinling Zhang;Ali Nauman;Adil Khan;Khizar Abbas;Babar Hayat","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010071","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of innovative applications, like online gaming, smart healthcare, and Internet of Things (IoT) services, has increased demand for high data rates and seamless connectivity, posing challenges for Beyond 5G (B5G) networks. There is a need for cost-effective solutions to enhance spectral efficiency in densely populated areas, ensuring higher data rates and uninterrupted connectivity while minimizing costs. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Aerial Base Stations (ABSs) offer a promising and cost-effective solution to boost network capacity, especially during emergencies and high-data-rate demands. Nevertheless, integrating UAVs into the B5G networks presents new challenges, including resource scarcity, energy efficiency, resource allocation, optimal power transmission control, and maximizing overall throughput. This paper presents a UAV-assisted B5G communication system where UAVs act as ABSs, and introduces the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based Energy Efficient Resource Allocation (Deep-EERA) mechanism. An efficient DRL-based Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) mechanism is introduced for optimal resource allocation with the twin goals of energy efficiency and average throughput maximization. The proposed Deep-EERA method learns optimal policies to conserve energy and enhance throughput within the dynamic and complex UAV-empowered B5G environment. Through extensive simulations, we validate the performance of the proposed approach, demonstrating that it outperforms other baseline methods in energy efficiency and throughput maximization.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"418-432"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BASIL: Binary Anchor-Based Smart Indoor Localization","authors":"Zhe Yang;Yanjun Li;Yufan Zhang;Yun Pan;Chung Shue Chen;Yi-hua Zhu","doi":"10.26599/TST.2024.9010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010008","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor localization has been challenging research due to the invalidity of the global navigation satellite system in indoor scenarios. Recent advances in ambient assistive living have shown great power in detecting and locating persons living in their homes, especially using the ON/OFF binary sensors. In this paper, we exploit the Bluetooth low-energy beacons as device-based binary anchors under the lowest transmission power to turn any indoor activity and facility interaction into a binary location indicator. The binary anchors are fused with an extended Kalman filter based pedestrian dead-reckoning using a factor graph optimization, with extra constraints including the normalized magnetic loop closure which is optimized using an attenuation factor, and a rapidly-exploring random tree-based map collision validation. The proposed system provides a cost-effective, scalable, and robust localization for common indoor scenarios. The experimental results show an effective sub-meter precision for the long-term trajectories, and a small amount of anchors is enough for significant calibration in large scenarios.","PeriodicalId":48690,"journal":{"name":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10676357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}