{"title":"Updates in Radial Access for Neurointervention: Feasibility, Innovations, and Future Directions.","authors":"Simona Nedelcu, Marwah Suroop, Ajit S Puri","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1813747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radial access has rapidly gained popularity in the neurointervention world, building on its proven success in cardiovascular procedures. Radial access is currently used for a variety of neurointervention procedures, such as diagnostic cerebral angiography, aneurysm embolization, and mechanical thrombectomy due to a proven strong safety profile, patient-preferred alternative to traditional femoral access, faster ambulation, and fewer access-site complications. Additionally, the radial approach has proven effective for navigating particularly challenging arches not suitable for the femoral approach, posterior circulation interventions, and select acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy cases. Advances in the radial access technique, such as the distal radial access approach in the anatomical snuffbox, development of specialized access catheters, long radial sheaths to mitigate spasm, and refined hemostasis techniques have improved its feasibility, broadened its applicability to be routinely used in neurointervention procedures, and increased its utilization in cases with challenging aortic arch anatomy. Meta-analyses have reported high technical success (around 97%) with low crossover (approximately 5%) and minimal complications. This review highlights the latest evidence on radial access in neurointervention, focusing on technical tips, appropriate patient selection, clinical applications, as well as complication management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"646-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical Management of Acute Venous Thromboembolism.","authors":"Cy R Wilkins, Andrew M Chiu, Sirish A Kishore","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813235","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1813235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, consisting of both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Therapeutic anticoagulation is the primary treatment for acute VTE with the therapeutic goals of reducing proximal DVT embolization, inhibiting propagation or formation of new or recurrent VTE, and reducing mortality in patients with PE. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are now considered first-line therapy for most patients with acute VTE, though parenteral therapy and vitamin K antagonist (VKAs) remain as the preferred option in select patient groups. This study practically summarizes the medical management of acute VTE for interventionalists, focusing on the choice of agent amongst common pharmacologic therapies as well as the optimal duration of therapy based on risk factors for recurrent VTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 5","pages":"558-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Core Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Evidence.","authors":"Zachary L Schwartz, Jesse G Jones","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1813701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatments for acute ischemic stroke have rapidly evolved in recent decades. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has joined intravenous thrombolysis as the standard of care for ischemic stroke patients meeting certain criteria. The application of endovascular techniques in subgroups of ischemic stroke patients is a topic of active research. Stroke patients presenting with a large volume ischemic core have historically been inadequately studied. Multiple recent trials describe the results of applying EVT to this subgroup. Some trials show that EVT offers benefit for patients with large core ischemic stroke, though this result is not uniform. Though meta-analyses exist, heterogeneity in these studies complicates their comparison. Recent evidence challenges historical notions that thrombectomy in this subgroup carries increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"622-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Trends in Carotid Artery Revascularization.","authors":"Emily B Crawford, Eric A Secemsky","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1813702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotid artery revascularization plays an important role in stroke prevention among patients with carotid stenosis. While carotid endarterectomy has been the mainstay of revascularization in those with moderate to severe stenosis, the evolution of carotid artery stenting and the recent expansion of Medicare coverage have impacted utilization trends and guideline recommendations. We aim to review currently available data on revascularization techniques, discuss important factors influencing treatment decisions, and explore future directions of carotid stenosis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.","authors":"Hugo Cuellar, Rahul Shah","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1812508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a not well-understood syndrome of raised intracranial pressure, with a disproportionately higher incidence in obese women. This article summarizes the epidemiology and clinical features, and the diagnostic evaluation and management options of IIH, with a focus on venous sinus stenting as a promising treatment option.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With growing obesity levels, IIH incidence has shown a commensurate increase globally. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition continues to remain limited. Diagnostic modalities and criteria have evolved over the years with better imaging technology. Symptom management and preservation of vision form the cornerstone of most treatment strategies. Acetazolamide and topiramate are the first-line drugs of choice for medical management. Surgical interventions are essential in medically refractory cases or in cases of fulminant IIH. Sinus venous stenting is growing in popularity as a safe and effective surgical alternative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There exists a dearth of randomized controlled trials to guide our treatment strategies in patients with IIH. Although Venous sinus stenting offers a safe and effective treatment option in medically refractory cases, variability in various aspects of the procedure is extensive.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"596-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seminars in IR-New Editor-in-Chief, January 2026.","authors":"Charles E Ray","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 4","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12606052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abin Sajan, Raghuram Posham, Stephen Reis, Noor Ahmad
{"title":"Acute Caval Thrombectomy: A Review of Tools, Techniques, and Outcomes for Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis.","authors":"Abin Sajan, Raghuram Posham, Stephen Reis, Noor Ahmad","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1812485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) is a rare but severe form of venous thromboembolism, associated with significant risks of pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome. While anticoagulation remains the primary treatment, acute caval thrombectomy has emerged as an effective strategy for rapid thrombus resolution in select cases. This review examines the tools, techniques, and outcomes of endovascular interventions, including aspiration and mechanical thrombectomy devices as well as catheter-directed thrombolysis and adjunctive technologies such as intravascular ultrasound and temporary IVC filters. Published retrospective studies show technical success rates of 80 to 100% and vessel patency of 75 to 90% at 6 to 12 months, with low complication rates. Despite promising results, prospective studies are needed to standardize device selection and post-procedural care. This review highlights thrombectomy's role as a first-line option for IVCT, offering rapid, lytic-free clot removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 5","pages":"528-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Acute Stroke Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Brooke Kindleman, Zeyad Aboyoussef, Anik Das, Mumu Aktar, Roberto Souza, Johanna Ospel, Mariana Bento","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1813016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute stroke imaging is paramount for quick diagnostic decisions using imaging modalities, including computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These modalities provide valuable information to determine the disease etiology and course of action. \"Time is brain,\" and as such, there are unique challenges regarding acute stroke imaging, including acute decision making, limited resource availability, and compromised image quality. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools may provide support for acute stroke imaging in clinical care settings and have the potential to mitigate many of these challenges. This paper investigates the role of AI in acute stroke imaging in research and industry, including reviewing 39 papers published between 2022 and 2025 that investigated the development and application of tools specific to interventional radiology and stroke and examined their tools' efficacy and the studies' consideration of data privacy, reproducibility, and practical usability. We also investigated four commercially available AI tools available for clinical use, focusing on their primary objectives, strengths, and limitations. We found that while AI tools demonstrate the potential for improving time-to-treatment and diagnostic accuracy, there are key limitations related to low reproducibility, the development of impractical tools, and minimal documentation about AI development and employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"582-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa Veltre, Stephen J Sozio, Henry Herrera, Joshua Mensah, Serena Hoost, Emad Nourollah-Zadeh, Hai Sun, Gaurav Gupta, Sudipta Roychowdhury, Sri H Sundararajan
{"title":"Pharmacologic and Medical Management in the Setting of Endovascular Stroke Interventions: A Comprehensive Overview to Management.","authors":"Vanessa Veltre, Stephen J Sozio, Henry Herrera, Joshua Mensah, Serena Hoost, Emad Nourollah-Zadeh, Hai Sun, Gaurav Gupta, Sudipta Roychowdhury, Sri H Sundararajan","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1812856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endovascular therapy (EVT) has transformed acute ischemic stroke management, achieving successful vessel recanalization in approximately 70 to 80% of patients. Despite these advances, recommendations regarding medical management in the setting of EVT remain complex and variable across institutions. In keeping, this work presents a comprehensive overview of medical management in the setting of EVT is presented to provide direction and clarity regarding essential components of management, thus promoting positive outcomes and minimizing morbidity/mortality. In the preprocedural setting, intravenous thrombolysis remains standard therapy for eligible patients, while periprocedural anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies are generally discouraged due to increased risk of hemorrhage and lack of functional benefit, with select exceptions such as emergency stenting for tandem lesions. Postprocedural blood pressure management should be individualized, with consensus favoring systolic blood pressure targets below 160 mm Hg after reperfusion, noting that higher targets (up to 180 mm Hg) may be considered in cases of incomplete reperfusion, and excessively low targets (<120 mm Hg) may be detrimental to maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion. Ongoing research is refining optimal management strategies to improve outcomes in this population further.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"572-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large-bore Thrombectomy for Iliocaval Thrombosis: An Updated Device Review.","authors":"Griffin McNamara, Margerie Arraut, Mona Ranade","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1812097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-bore thrombectomy has emerged as a critical treatment option in the management of iliocaval thrombosis, a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. These devices are designed for rapid removal of clot and symptom resolution while minimizing the need for thrombolytic therapy. Ongoing trials, prospective registries, and retrospective reviews are also investigating the role of early thrombectomy or thrombolysis on subsequent development of post-thrombotic syndrome. These interventions are particularly beneficial for patients with contraindications to systemic or catheter-directed thrombolysis, those at high risk for post-thrombotic syndrome, or those with chronic thrombus, which is less likely to respond to lytic therapy. These devices utilize mechanical, aspiration, and rotatory systems to break up and remove acute and chronic, densely adherent thrombus. Each has unique characteristics that make them preferred in different disease states and many cases require use of multiple devices in conjunction with one another. This review describes the importance of large-bore thrombectomy in the treatment of iliocaval thromboembolic disease and highlights modern devices and case-specific uses for each.</p>","PeriodicalId":48689,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Interventional Radiology","volume":"42 5","pages":"518-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}