Animal Frontiers最新文献_第7页

Methane matters: from blue-tinged moos, to boozy roos, and the health of humans too 甲烷很重要:从蓝色的驼鹿到醉酒的房间，以及人类的健康

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0029

E. Hoedt, P. Ó. Cuív, M. Morrison

{"title":"Methane matters: from blue-tinged moos, to boozy roos, and the health of humans too","authors":"E. Hoedt, P. Ó. Cuív, M. Morrison","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0029","url":null,"abstract":"• Methane emissions from ruminant livestock are proposed to contribute ~10 to 20% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions. • Recent efforts have shown that \"low methane emitting\" animals can be identified both within and across species, including nondomesticated herbivores. • Methanogens are also present within the human gut and some other body sites, and variations in their diversity and/or abundance has been linked to some functional gastrointestinal disorders and non-communicable chronic diseases. • Recent advances in \"-omics\" technologies have provided new insights of the roles that methanogens play in both feed digestion and host-microbe interactions. • Although much research and understanding has been derived from the study of the numerically dominant Methanobrevibacter genus, the recent studies outlined above have shown that other, \"heterotrophic\" methanogens warrant greater attention. • Here, we provide a brief overview of our recent research of the Methanosphaera genus and outline the possible consequences associated with its presence in the gut of livestock, native Australian herbivores, and humans.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Gut microbiota, diet, and health: Application to livestock and companion animals 肠道菌群、饮食和健康:家畜和伴侣动物的应用

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0027

K. Swanson

引用次数: 8

Role of the gut microbiota in equine health and disease 肠道菌群在马的健康和疾病中的作用

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0033

E. Venable, S. Bland, J. L. McPherson, J. Francis

引用次数: 15

Importance of gut microbiota for the health and disease of dogs and cats 肠道菌群对猫狗健康和疾病的重要性

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0032

Amanda B Blake, J. Suchodolski

引用次数: 29

The role of gut microbiota in the health and disease of pigs 肠道菌群在猪健康和疾病中的作用

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0031

J. Fouhse, R. Zijlstra, B. Willing

{"title":"The role of gut microbiota in the health and disease of pigs","authors":"J. Fouhse, R. Zijlstra, B. Willing","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0031","url":null,"abstract":"The pig intestine is home to a dynamic microbial population that forms a complex ecosystem and has a symbiotic relationship with the host. The population of gut microbes, or microbiota, plays key roles in maintaining nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions of the pig (Lee and Mazmanian, 2010; Brestoff and Artis, 2013). However, this microbial population also includes disease-causing organisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Clostridia. These pathogenic organisms can cause substantial morbidity and mortality; thus, prophylactic use of antibiotics has been common in livestock industries. Disturbances in the gut microbial ecosystem during the rearing of pigs can dramatically increase risk of disease. To meet production goals in the swine industry, piglets are weaned early, before a stable microbial population is established and the immune system is mature. Stress at weaning further disrupts the gut microbial ecosystem (Konstantinov et al., 2006), increasing susceptibility to bacterial post-weaning diarrhea (Lallès et al., 2004). The use of prophylactic antibiotics tends to balance these disturbances, decreasing incidence of gastrointestinal disease, particularly at weaning. Widespread use of prophylactic and growth-promoting antibiotics has increased selective pressure for anti-microbial resistant bacteria and is now a major public health concern (Dibner and Richards, 2005). Using current knowledge of the host–microbial relationship, strategies including the use of prebiotics, highly fermentable carbohydrate cereal grains, probiotics, and (or) microbial transplants may promote animal health and reduce the need for antibiotic use. However, future research must quantitatively and qualitatively define the composition and function of a ‘healthy’ pig gut microbiota to successfully implement such strategies.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 158

Dietary impacts on rumen microbiota in beef and dairy production 饲料对牛肉和乳制品生产中瘤胃微生物群的影响

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0030

J. Loor, A. Elolimy, J. McCann

{"title":"Dietary impacts on rumen microbiota in beef and dairy production","authors":"J. Loor, A. Elolimy, J. McCann","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0030","url":null,"abstract":"The reticulo-rumen is the largest compartment of the ruminant digestive tract, and it harbors a complex anaerobic microbial community capable of producing a wide array of enzymes, some of which are important for the breakdown of plant lignocellulosic and non-structural carbohydrate (starch, sugars) material through the process of fermentation (Russell and Rychlik, 2001). Important outcomes of microbial fermentation are the production of volatile fatty acids (or short-chain fatty acids) that serve as fuels for the animal’s tissues and the synthesis of microbial protein that provides amino acids for the animal to produce high-quality protein for human consumption, i.e., meat and milk. Studies over the last few decades have conclusively demonstrated that the ruminal microbial ecosystem (both of the neonate and mature ruminant) can be altered by nutritional management (McCann et al., 2014b). Therefore, nutrition represents an important tool for manipulating the microbial ecosystem to optimize rumen function while producing high-quality meat and milk for meeting the demands of a growing human population. The recent development of omic technologies, e.g., sequencing of the 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA gene, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics, along with bioinformatics tools, have not only enhanced the understanding of the rumen ecology, but also our ability to predict the functional capacity of the microbiota (McCann et al., 2014b). From a production standpoint, it is believed that further gains in knowledge that in the medium-to-long term could lead to practical applications will arise from the integration of taxonomic and functional data with “classical” parameters of rumen digestion, metabolism, and performance (Morgavi et al., 2013). Our aim in this review is to provide recent examples demonstrating how nutrition can alter the structure, composition, and diversity of the rumen microbiota in beef and dairy production. In addition, we attempt to highlight points where there are knowledge gaps for further research.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Gut microbiome and omics: a new definition to ruminant production and health 肠道微生物组和组学:反刍动物生产和健康的新定义

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0017

N. Malmuthuge, L. Guan

引用次数: 34

The importance of microbiota in ruminant production 微生物群在反刍动物生产中的重要性

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2016-0016

T. Alexander, J. Plaizier

引用次数: 6

Modifying gut microbiomes in large ruminants: Opportunities in non-intensive husbandry systems 修改大型反刍动物的肠道微生物群:在非集约化养殖系统中的机会