Water Resources and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Household preferences for time and monetary contributions for river restoration: A study from the Danda River Basin in Nepal","authors":"Niraj Khatiwada ,&nbsp;Alok K. Bohara ,&nbsp;Samrat B. Kunwar","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Willingness to pay (WTP) has commonly been used as a metric for the valuation of environmental goods and services. Recent studies have also recommended the use of willingness to volunteer (WTV) as a measure for valuation, especially in developing countries with low monetary income and missing (or imperfect) labor markets. The joint households' decision to contribute money and time, however, is often overlooked in these studies. When households are willing to contribute both time and money, using WTP (or WTV) alone can underestimate their preferences for environmental goods and services. This study examines both households’ WTP and WTV for the Danda river restoration in Nepal using survey data of 752 households residing near the river. By jointly estimating WTP and WTV, this study finds robust public support for improving the river in both time and monetary forms, although the proportion of respondents reporting positive WTV is higher. Wealthier households, however, prefer the payment option and are significantly less willing to contribute their time. We also find that households that perceive more direct benefits from an improved Danda river express higher WTP but are not significantly likely to volunteer more time, suggesting that volunteering decisions may not purely be motivated by the benefits households perceive from a clean river.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42187171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water value, irrigation policy, and implementation hazards in Vietnam’s rural economy","authors":"Le Viet Phu","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Irrigation plays a critical role in Vietnam’s rural economy and the national food security priority. The Vietnamese government has developed an extensive irrigation system and waived irrigation costs for farmers to reduce rural poverty. However, excessive use of water in </span>agriculture has become a major concern. It is important to evaluate the value of water in order to encourage economical use. We use a multi-model approach and plot-level data to indirectly estimate the value of irrigation water and address a majority of issues related to causal identification. Our results indicate that farmlands with access to irrigation have significantly higher productivity and land values. The high value of irrigation water in agricultural production is a premise for compulsory payment for irrigation water. We then investigate the design of Vietnam’s irrigation policy and the hazards that have arose from the fee waiver policy. Finally, we explain why the current policy has failed to promote a sustainable long-term solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water contamination and treatment costs","authors":"Arnt O. Hopland ,&nbsp;Sturla F. Kvamsdal","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the relationship between drinking water contamination and treatment costs using a panel data for Norwegian local governments in the period 2003–2021. Because contamination and costs affect each other, we derive and estimate a set of reduced form equations that take the two-way causality into account. Our results indicate that while post-treatment contamination has little if any effect on treatment costs, increased expenditures reduce contamination in the following years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the cost-effectiveness of Nature-based Solutions under climate change uncertainty and learning","authors":"Lennart G. Vogelsang ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Weikard ,&nbsp;Jantsje M. van Loon-Steensma ,&nbsp;Birgit Bednar-Friedl","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While ongoing climate change requires effective adaptation strategies, decision-making on the scale, timing and location of adaptation measures remains challenging, as the extent and pace of climate change is uncertain. In particular, uncertainty surrounds the success of mitigation strategies and economic and demographic developments. While ‘grey’ measures, such as dikes and pumping, have been the dominant form of adaptation in the past against inland flooding, Nature-based Solutions are receiving more attention. However, evidence on their cost-effectiveness compared to grey alternatives is still limited. In this article, we develop a real options model that integrates climate change uncertainty as well as flexibility of the timing of investment. We expect that the uncertainty falls over time due to an increase in climate data that becomes available to the decision-maker. The decision-maker learns about climate change from two types of events: inland flooding and meteorological drought. The model is calibrated with data from the Oldambt–Eemskanaal–Dollardboezem water system in the Dutch Province of Groningen. Our results show the potential for Nature-based Solutions to become a viable alternative to dike heightening and pumping in addressing both extreme events. Moreover, we observe that the cost-effectiveness of Nature-based Solutions depends on the maturing time of the ecosystem, the value of land on which the measure is being implemented, and the type of information considered in the investment decision. We show that maturing times of up to nine years make a Nature-based Solution the preferred measure to invest in, even under strong beliefs of severe climate change. When maturing times exceed nine years, the option takes too long to become effective and pumping is preferred. Furthermore, our results show that an increase in the value of land on which a Nature-based Solution is being constructed may substantially reduce its cost-effectiveness. Finally, decision-making flexibility becomes valuable if expected damages from floods and droughts are sufficiently low and the decision-maker learns quickly about climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48822105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are being abandoned municipal wastewater treatment plants in Mexico? When a more money policy approach is not enough","authors":"Antonio Cáñez-Cota, C. Renteria","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2023.100226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are views of water bodies associated with higher water consumption? An empirical analysis from New Zealand","authors":"Robbie Maris ,&nbsp;Yvonne Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Freshwater scarcity is worsening as we quickly approach the freshwater planetary boundary. There has been extensive research and policy development in the space of </span>water scarcity<span>, pollution and accessibility, centered around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A large body of literature examines household and climate characteristics predictive of water consumption by households. However, there does not appear to be any research on the role of views of and proximity to water bodies in household water consumption. In this paper, we develop a simple model of water consumption which depends on the perceptions of water scarcity and the perceptions of whether water scarcity is an issue. Using geographic information systems (GIS) </span></span>viewshed analysis, we model whether properties in Tauranga, New Zealand, have views of lakes and the coast. We then use these variables in an SA1 unit fixed effects model of water consumption. We find that views of lakes are associated with higher water consumption and views of the coast are associated with lower water consumption. We suggest that these associations are driven by psychological biases which alter the perceptions of water scarcity and concern for water scarcity. We deploy a range of robustness checks and argue that our results may be causal, though further research is required to confirm this.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence and persistence of payments for watershed services programs in Mexico","authors":"Kelly W. Jones ,&nbsp;Sergio M. López-Ramirez ,&nbsp;Robert H. Manson ,&nbsp;V. Sophie Ávila-Foucat","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2023.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Payments for watershed services (PWS) programs have become a prominent approach to protect or restore ecosystems and watershed services but little is known about where these innovative financing tools and governance systems emerge and persist. In 2008, the Mexican government launched a program where they matched funding from local partners to establish user-financed PWS, leading to the creation of 145 programs between 2008 and 2019. We study the factors related to the emergence and persistence of these local, user-financed PWS programs across Mexico<span>. We assemble a unique database on these programs, as well as biophysical, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional variables, at the municipality level. We use logistic regression to analyze the variables correlated with the emergence and persistence of PWS. We find that PWS programs are more likely to emerge in municipalities with lower opportunity costs of forest conservation; that are wealthier; that have higher institutional capacity; and that have more collective land tenure and protected areas. PWS programs are more likely to persist in municipalities where watershed conditions are a concern; that have more </span></span>wealth<span> and institutional capacity; and that have a non-governmental organization or water utility involved as the local counterpart. These results suggest that emergence and persistence of local, user-financed PWS programs to address water security can occur when the opportunity costs of conservation are met; the provision of ecosystem services is enhanced; there are sustainable sources of financing; and there is institutional capacity that involves non-state actors.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49751475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and environmental nudges and water usage: Evidence from a field experiment in Iran","authors":"Mehdi Feizi ,&nbsp;Navideh Khatabiroudi","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We nudged households in Torbat Heydarieh, a city in Iran, with social comparison and public environmental messages to decrease water consumption. In the former treatment, we provided subjects with their actual water consumption compared to their neighborhood’s minimum and average consumption. In the latter one, we illustrated some facts about the water crisis in Iran and each individual’s potential role in dropping it. We also incorporated perceptions and attitudes of our subjects on water consumption, extracted from our survey, to control for their possible impacts. Our results show that the social comparison nudge lessens the daily water usage of each family member by about 30 percent. In contrast, a nudge with public environmental messages does not have any effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the WTA-WTP disparity for irrigation water reliability","authors":"Anastasio J. Villanueva ,&nbsp;José A. Gómez-Limón","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper assesses the WTP and WTA for improvements and deteriorations, respectively, in irrigation water supply reliability. The assessment relies on a double-sided discrete choice experiment valuation using latent-class modeling accounting for preference and scale heterogeneity. This valuation approach is empirically implemented using a case study of a Spanish irrigated district significantly impacted by climate change. The results obtained show individual-specific preference heterogeneity in the WTA-WTP disparity, primarily driven by the different impacts of water reliability on farmers' utility (changes in business revenues and costs, uncertainty in business performance, and farm income effects) and interindividual differences in loss aversion (different degrees of endowment effect). Additionally, the significant scale heterogeneity and ordering effects found suggest that it may be advisable to use modeling approaches that account for them. Several policy-relevant implications can be drawn, including the non-neutrality of the initial allocation of property rights, repercussions on the cost-benefit of climate change adaptation measures, and the need to account for irrigators’ preference heterogeneity in order to design successful market-based instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing child diarrhoea in India: Shifting policy focus from source of water to quality","authors":"Zakir Husain ,&nbsp;Pallabi Das","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45615282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}