Zoological Research最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the genetic basis of sex differentiation in silver-lipped pearl oyster ( <i>Pinctada maxima</i>) based on integrative transcriptomic analysis.","authors":"Zi-Jian Li, Zhi-Hui Yang, Jia-Hui Wang, Yi-Bing Liu, Hui Wang, Ming-Yang Liu, Qian-Qian Mu, Li-Xia Tang, Zhen-Yuan Xu, Ping-Ping Liu, Jing-Jie Hu, Zhen-Min Bao","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.266","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The silver-lipped pearl oyster ( <i>Pinctada maxima</i>) is the largest and most commercially valuable pearl-producing oyster, renowned for its ability to generate large, lustrous pearls. This species is a sequential hermaphrodite, with pearl production displaying notable sexual dimorphism. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing sex determination and differentiation is crucial for advancing breeding strategies in the pearl oyster industry. To elucidate these mechanisms, this study conducted integrative transcriptomic analyses of <i>P. maxima</i> gonadal tissues using isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Comparative analysis of ovarian and testicular tissues identified 2 768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene co-expression network analysis delineated four key modules, including three sex-specific modules and one shared module. Key genes implicated in sex determination and maintenance were identified, including <i>FOXL2</i>, <i>NANOS1</i>, and <i>β-catenin</i>, important for ovarian maintenance, and <i>DMRT</i>, <i>SOX30</i>, <i>FEM1</i>, and <i>FOXJ1</i>, crucial for testicular maintenance. These genes, widely studied in other taxa, were confirmed as hub genes in the sex-related modules of <i>P. maxima</i>. Interestingly, genes within the shared module were significantly enriched in the spliceosome pathway. Alternative splicing analysis highlighted its extensive role in gonadal tissues, with more pronounced activity observed in the testis compared to the ovary. Nearly half (47.83%, 375) of the identified genes undergoing differential alternative splicing (DASGs) also exhibited differential transcript usage (DTUGs), while only 17% of DTUGs overlapped with DEGs. Genes associated with sex differentiation, such as <i>DMRT</i>, <i>β-catenin</i>, and <i>U2AF2</i>, displayed sex-specific and/or sex-biased isoforms. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular basis of sex differentiation in <i>P. maxima</i>, which could inform the development of targeted breeding strategies aimed at sex control, thereby enhancing pearl quality and yield in aquaculture. This study offers a robust molecular foundation for advancing breeding programs and optimizing production in the pearl oyster industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"285-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning lightweight model for real-time captive macaque facial recognition based on an improved YOLOX model.","authors":"Jia-Jin Zhang, Yu Gao, Bao-Lin Zhang, Dong-Dong Wu","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.296","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automated behavior monitoring of macaques offers transformative potential for advancing biomedical research and animal welfare. However, reliably identifying individual macaques in group environments remains a significant challenge. This study introduces ACE-YOLOX, a lightweight facial recognition model tailored for captive macaques. ACE-YOLOX incorporates Efficient Channel Attention (ECA), Complete Intersection over Union loss (CIoU), and Adaptive Spatial Feature Fusion (ASFF) into the YOLOX framework, enhancing prediction accuracy while reducing computational complexity. These integrated approaches enable effective multiscale feature extraction. Using a dataset comprising 179 400 labeled facial images from 1 196 macaques, ACE-YOLOX surpassed the performance of classical object detection models, demonstrating superior accuracy and real-time processing capabilities. An Android application was also developed to deploy ACE-YOLOX on smartphones, enabling on-device, real-time macaque recognition. Our experimental results highlight the potential of ACE-YOLOX as a non-invasive identification tool, offering an important foundation for future studies in macaque facial expression recognition, cognitive psychology, and social behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral asymmetry in craniofacial structures and kinematics of feeding attacks in the scale-eating cichlid fish, <i>Perissodus</i> <i>microlepis</i>.","authors":"Xiaomeng Tian, Sooyeon Lee, Jan Tuckermann, Axel Meyer","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.314","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cichlid fishes are a textbook example for adaptive radiations, since they diversified into several hundred highly specialized species in each of three great East African lakes. Even scale-eating, an extremely specialized feeding mode, evolved independently multiple times in these radiations and in Lake Tanganyika alone, six endemic scale-eating species occupy this extremely specialized ecological niche. <i>Perissodus</i> <i>microlepis</i> went a step further, by evolving bilaterally asymmetrical heads with an intra-specific polymorphism where left- and right-headed morphs predominantly scrape scales from the opposite sides of their prey. While the bilateral asymmetry of scale-eating cichlids has been known, exactly which craniofacial features explain the laterality of the heads remained unclear. Here we aimed, by utilizing micro-computed tomography (μCT), to resolve this issue of how bilateral symmetry in the skeletal structure is broken in scale-eating <i>Perissodus</i>. Our 3D geometric morphometrics analysis clearly separated and identified the two groups of either left- or right-headed fish. In addition, we observed consistent asymmetric volume changes in the premaxilla, maxilla, and mandible of the craniofacial structures, where left-headed fish have larger jaw elements on the right side, and vice versa. The bimodality implies that the effect sizes of environmental factors might be minor while genetics might be responsible to a larger extent for the asymmetry observed in their head morphology. High-speed video analyses of attacks by asymmetrical morphotypes revealed that they utilize their asymmetrical mouth protrusion, as well as lateralized behavior, to re-orientate the gape towards the preferred side of their prey fish to more efficiently scrape scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-translational cleavage generates truncated IgY forms in the snake <i>Elaphe taeniura</i>.","authors":"Ming Zhang, Long Hua, Tang-Yuan Xie, Tao Wang, Li-Juan Du, Di Yu, Han-Wei Cao, Jin-Cheng Zhong, Geng-Sheng Cao, Xiang Ding, Hai-Tang Han, Yao-Feng Zhao, Tian Huang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.295","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While variable regions of immunoglobulins are extensively diversified by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in vertebrates, the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains also utilize certain mechanisms to produce diversity, including class switch recombination (CSR), subclass differentiation, and alternative expression of the same gene. Many species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians express a truncated isoform of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), termed IgY(ΔFc), which lacks the υCH3 and υCH4 domains. In Anseriformes, IgY(ΔFc) arises from alternative transcriptional termination sites within the same υ gene, whereas in some turtles, intact IgY and IgY(ΔFc) are encoded by distinct genes. Different from the previously reported IgY(ΔFc) variants, this study identified a truncated IgY in the snake <i>Elaphe taeniura</i>, characterized by the loss of only a portion of the CH4 domain. Western blotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed that this truncated IgY is generated by post-translational cleavage at N338 within the IgY heavy chain constant (CH) region. Furthermore, both human and snake asparaginyl endopeptidase were shown to cleave snake IgY <i>in vitro</i>. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the production of shortened IgY forms, demonstrating that the immunoglobulin CH region undergoes diversification through distinct strategies across vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic alterations in bacterial and fungal microbiome and inflammatory cytokines following SRV-8 infection in cynomolgus monkeys.","authors":"Yun-Peng Yang, Li-Bing Xu, Yong Lu, Jing Wang, Yan-Hong Nie, Qiang Sun","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.278","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While viral infections can disturb the host gut microbiome, the dynamic alterations in microbial composition following infection remain poorly characterized. This study identified SRV-8-infected monkeys and classified them into five groups based on infection progression. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed significant alterations in the relative and inferred absolute abundance of bacterial genera <i>UCG-002</i>, <i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Coprococcus</i>, and <i>Holdemanella</i> during the early stage of SRV-8 infection, coinciding with provirus formation. These microbial shifts were accompanied by functional modifications in bacterial communities at the same stage. In contrast, ITS amplicon sequencing indicated no significant differences in fungal composition between healthy wild-type and SRV-8-infected monkeys. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated close interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi following SRV-8 infection. Additionally, SRV-8 seropositive groups exhibited significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory ( <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IFN-γ</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i>) and anti-inflammatory ( <i>IL-10</i>) cytokine genes, highlighting close associations between inflammatory cytokines and immune responses. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive characterization of bacterial and fungal microbiota dynamics and inflammatory cytokine responses associated with SRV-8 infection, clarifying the pathobiological mechanisms underlying SRV-8 infection from the perspective of the gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Window to the soul: Pupil dynamics unveil the consolidation of recent and remote memories.","authors":"Hongyu Chang, Wenbo Tang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.036","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"261-262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals the essential role of the m ⁶A reader YTHDF1 in retinal visual function by regulating TULP1 and DHX38 translation.","authors":"Xian-Jun Zhu, Xiao-Yan Jiang, Wen-Jing Liu, Yu-Di Fan, Guo Liu, Shun Yao, Kuan-Xiang Sun, Jun-Yao Chen, Bo Lei, Ye-Ming Yang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.399","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N6-methyladenosine (m ⁶A) modification of mRNA is a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that modulates mRNA metabolism and neuronal function. The m ⁶A reader YTHDF1 has been shown to enhance the translational efficiency of m ⁶A-modified mRNAs in the brain and is essential for learning and memory. However, its role in the mature retina remains unclear. Herein, we report a novel role of <i>Ythdf1</i> in the maintenance of retinal function using a genetic knockout model. Loss of <i>Ythdf1</i> resulted in impaired scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses and progressive retinal degeneration. Detailed analyses of rod photoreceptors confirmed substantial degenerative changes in the absence of ciliary defects. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed comprehensive molecular alterations across all retinal cell types in <i>Ythdf1</i>-deficient retinas. Integrative analysis of methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing and RIP sequencing identified <i>Tulp1</i> and <i>Dhx38</i>, two inheritable retinal degeneration disease-associated gene homologs, as direct targets of YTHDF1 in the retina. Specifically, YTHDF1 recognized and bound m ⁶A-modified <i>Tulp1</i> and <i>Dhx38</i> mRNA at the coding sequence (CDS), enhancing their translational efficiency without altering mRNA levels. Collectively, these findings highlight the essential role of YTHDF1 in preserving visual function and reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of m ⁶A reader proteins in retinal degeneration, identifying potential therapeutic targets for severe retinopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the salivary gland microbiota of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> during tick-to-host transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.","authors":"Jingjing Chen, Chuanfei Yuan, Qiong Xu, Yu Sun, Rui Zheng, Chenghong Zeng, Yan Wu, Zhen Zou, Qianfeng Xia","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.332","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies. However, microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens. In this study, SFTSV transmission from <i>H. longicornis</i> to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tick-rabbit transmission model. Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission. The relative abundance of three genera ( <i>Serratia</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>) increased, whereas five genera <i>(Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Enhydrobacter</i>, <i>Massilia</i>, and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>) decreased. Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Flavobacterium</i>. These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of <i>H. longicornis</i>, providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"459-468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InteBOMB: Integrating generic object tracking and segmentation with pose estimation for animal behavior analysis.","authors":"Hao Zhai, Hai-Yang Yan, Jing-Yuan Zhou, Jing Liu, Qi-Wei Xie, Li-Jun Shen, Xi Chen, Hua Han","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.268","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology, enabling fully automated behavior analysis. Existing multi-animal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-by-detection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches, requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances. This study introduces InteBOMB, an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability. InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings. The \"background enhancement\" strategy optimizes foreground-background contrastive loss, generating more discriminative correlation maps. The \"online proofreading\" strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory, enabling adaptive updates to object visual features. The \"automated labeling suggestion\" technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling. Additionally, the \"joint behavior analysis\" technique integrates these features with multimodal data, expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering. To evaluate the framework, six datasets of mice and six datasets of non-human primates were compiled, covering laboratory and natural scenes. Benchmarking results demonstrated a 24% improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21% enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust, generalizable behavior analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of probiotics on <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> growth and immune function via the recruitment of gut Rhodobacteraceae symbionts.","authors":"Hao-Nan Sha, Yang-Ming Lu, Ping-Ping Zhan, Jiong Chen, Qiong-Fen Qiu, Jin-Bo Xiong","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.364","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gut-associated Rhodobacteraceae species, critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application. This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut. Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, and immune responses, thereby promoting shrimp growth. Additionally, probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition, enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance, and reduced community variability, leading to a more stable gut microbiome. Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of non-Rhodobacteraceae nodes, indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability. Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance. These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa, stabilizes gut microbial networks, and enhances host digestive and immune functions, ultimately improving shrimp growth performance. This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"388-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}