Evolution Letters最新文献_第6页

Relative testis size is associated with vagina length but not sperm storage traits in Galliformes. 在加利形目动物中，睾丸的相对大小与阴道长度有关，但与精子储存特征无关。

IF 4.3 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-10-03 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf035

Katherine Assersohn, Nicola Hemmings

{"title":"Relative testis size is associated with vagina length but not sperm storage traits in Galliformes.","authors":"Katherine Assersohn, Nicola Hemmings","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf035","url":null,"abstract":"Post-copulatory sexual selection, comprised of sperm competition and cryptic female choice, is a powerful evolutionary force that can drive the rapid diversification of reproductive traits across taxa. In birds, the female reproductive tract provides the arena for post-copulatory sexual selection, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the female specific processes that shape the evolution of sexually selected traits. Here, we use a comparative approach to explore the relationships between female reproductive tract morphology, sperm competition intensity, and sperm traits across Galliformes. Accounting for phylogenetic and allometric relationships, we find that species with relatively larger testes for their body size-a proxy for intense sperm competition-have relatively longer vaginas, suggesting that important co-evolutionary dynamics exist between male and female reproductive physiology. Surprisingly, we find no link between sperm length and sperm storage tubule morphology, challenging existing predictions. Our findings suggest that the vagina has a significant but currently overlooked influence on post-copulatory processes and emphasizes the need to better integrate female morphology into models of sexual selection.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"686-695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infrared thermography is a useful tool in research on thermoregulation and evolution of heat tolerance. 红外热像仪是研究热调节和耐热性演化的有效工具。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-25 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf032

Erik I Svensson, Mads F Schou, Julian Melgar, John T Waller, Anel Engelbrecht, Zanell Brand, Schalk Cloete, Charlie K Cornwallis

{"title":"Infrared thermography is a useful tool in research on thermoregulation and evolution of heat tolerance.","authors":"Erik I Svensson, Mads F Schou, Julian Melgar, John T Waller, Anel Engelbrecht, Zanell Brand, Schalk Cloete, Charlie K Cornwallis","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf032","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive methods for measuring thermal tolerance and thermoregulation in large numbers of individuals under natural environmental conditions are useful to understand the capacity of species to adapt to future climate scenarios. Infrared thermography (IRT) is one such tool in research on thermal adaptation, but concerns have been raised about its reliability, specifically the correlation between surface temperature (T s) and body temperature (T b) (Monge et al., (2025). What does IRT tell us about the evolutionary potential of heat tolerance in endotherms? Evolution Letters, 9(2),184-188). Here, we discuss the biological inferences that can be made from data on T s and T b, and whether T s needs to be correlated with T b to be informative in studies of thermoregulation in free-living organisms. We also present a framework illustrating biological insights that can be gained by integrating IRT with data on different phenotypic traits, fitness metrics, pedigree information and other physiological traits, including T b. We illustrate the utility of this new framework by demonstrating how it has increased our understanding of the evolution of thermal tolerance in a large animal where T b is not easily measured, the ostrich (Struthio camelus) (Svensson et al., (2024). Heritable variation in thermal profiles is associated with reproductive success in the world's largest bird. Evolution Letters, 8(2), 200-211). Integrating IRT with individual fitness data and pedigree information in field studies can aid our biological interpretation of T s in future research on the ecology and evolution of thermal tolerance in both endotherms and ectotherms.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"611-616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation in the resource environment affects patterns of seasonal adaptation at phenotypic and genomic levels in Drosophila melanogaster. 资源环境的变化在表型和基因组水平上影响黑腹果蝇的季节适应模式。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-22 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf031

Jack K Beltz, Mark Christopher Bitter, August Goldfischer, Dmitri A Petrov, Paul Schmidt

{"title":"Variation in the resource environment affects patterns of seasonal adaptation at phenotypic and genomic levels in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Jack K Beltz, Mark Christopher Bitter, August Goldfischer, Dmitri A Petrov, Paul Schmidt","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf031","url":null,"abstract":"Natural populations often experience heterogeneity in the quality and abundance of environmentally acquired resources across both space and time, and this variation can influence population demographics and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we directly manipulated diet in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster cultured in experimental mesocosms in the field. We found no significant effect of resource variation on estimates of adult census size. Resource variation altered patterns of phenotypic and genomic evolution across replicate populations; however, we find that this effect is secondary to selection driven by the fluctuating seasonal environment. Seasonal adaptation was observed for all traits assayed and elicited genome-wide signatures of selection. In contrast, adaptation to the resource environment was trait-specific and exhibited an oligogenic architecture. This illustrates the capacity of populations to adapt to a specific axis of variation (the resource environment) without hindering the adaptive response to seasonal change. This, in turn, suggests that resource variation may be an important force driving fluctuating selection across natural populations, ultimately contributing to the maintenance of genetic and phenotypic variation.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"663-674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early-season helping yields increasing returns to scale at the onset of eusociality. 在社会性开始时，早期的收获有助于增加回报的规模。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-22 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf033

Viviana Di Pietro, Ricardo Caliari Oliveira, Tom Wenseleers

{"title":"Early-season helping yields increasing returns to scale at the onset of eusociality.","authors":"Viviana Di Pietro, Ricardo Caliari Oliveira, Tom Wenseleers","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf033","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of eusociality, characterized by cooperative brood care, reproductive division of labor, and overlapping generations, represents a major evolutionary transition. A central paradox is that early models suggested diminishing returns to helping, making solitary reproduction seemingly more efficient. Here, we experimentally demonstrate increasing returns to scale from early-season helping in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes gallicus. By manipulating the proportion of females allowed to remain as helpers, we show that while reproductive output scales linearly with worker numbers, total sexual productivity increases convexly with helper probability, thereby showing that early-season helping leads to compounding effects on reproductive output. Using these data, we parameterize a dynamic population genetic model and show that this convex relationship facilitates the spread of eusociality alleles more readily under monandry than polyandry, contrary to the conclusions of some prior models. Importantly, we show that compounding effects can cause eusociality to evolve even when helpers are no more efficient at rearing brood than solitary breeders. Our findings emphasize the value of integrating experimental data with mechanistically motivated theoretical models to study social evolution.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An early-life survival and reproductive trade-off shapes selection on body size. 生命早期的生存和繁殖权衡决定了对体型的选择。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-13 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf029

Maria João Janeiro, Jonathan M Henshaw, Josephine M Pemberton, Jill G Pilkington, Michael B Morrissey

{"title":"An early-life survival and reproductive trade-off shapes selection on body size.","authors":"Maria João Janeiro, Jonathan M Henshaw, Josephine M Pemberton, Jill G Pilkington, Michael B Morrissey","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf029","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary trade-offs-opposing trait effects on total fitness via different fitness components-are likely to be widespread. Some key trade-offs are expected to be the result of chains of causation acting across an organism's lifetime. For example, a trait imparting reproductive benefits early in life may trade off against reduced survival to attain later-life reproductive opportunities. Tools in evolutionary quantitative genetics have recently been developed to formally characterize selection acting through different causal pathways throughout the life cycle and, therefore, to formally characterize evolutionary trade-offs. We use these methods to investigate a trade-off between early life reproduction and survival and how that trade-off affects selection on body size in the Soay sheep population inhabiting St Kilda (Outer Hebrides, Scotland). We decompose and quantify the total effects of first-year female body mass on lifetime fitness, with particular attention to the effect of body mass on early-life reproduction and the potential survival cost of early-life reproduction. Our results establish that the total effect of body mass on lifetime fitness is positive, despite the strong negative contribution acting via early life reproduction. Moreover, we show that the magnitude of the selection on body mass acting through different causal paths highly depends on population density. At higher densities, the cost of early-life reproduction is higher, and therefore, it contributes a strong negative component to the total selection of body mass-i.e., at higher population density, selection on body mass is weaker than it is when the population density is smaller. By decomposing total selection and quantifying selection acting through different causal paths, we expose the underlying mechanics shaping body mass in Soay sheep female lambs, and we provide a meaningful contribution to the understanding of the evolution of body size in this population.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"637-650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gestation length both shapes and is shaped by other life history traits in terrestrial eutherian mammals. 在陆生真兽哺乳动物中，妊娠期长度既决定了其他生活史特征，又受其影响。

IF 4.3 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-26 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf028

Thodoris Danis, Dana Lin, Daniel S Caetano, Gregory F Funston, Antonis Rokas

{"title":"Gestation length both shapes and is shaped by other life history traits in terrestrial eutherian mammals.","authors":"Thodoris Danis, Dana Lin, Daniel S Caetano, Gregory F Funston, Antonis Rokas","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf028","url":null,"abstract":"The length of gestation in eutherian mammals, which is key to their reproductive success, is closely connected to other life history traits, body mass, and brain mass, but the direction of relationships between these variables is unclear. Here, we used an integrative analytical framework to evaluate the evolutionary relationships between gestation length and 8 other traits on a dataset of 3,258 eutherian mammals and to infer potential causal influences. Using a random forest machine learning algorithm as well as phylogenetic comparative methods, we identify litter size as the primary predictor of gestation length, while additional traits, such as brain mass and weaning age, are significant predictors in specific mammalian orders. Using a structural equation modeling approach known as phylogenetic path analysis, we find that gestation length directly negatively influences litter size and is directly positively influenced by brain mass across eutherian orders. In contrast, the commonly observed relationship between gestation length and body size can be better understood as indirect effects through other traits. Consistent with these inferred relationships, examination of trait-trait coevolution reinforces that gestation length is strongly negatively associated with litter size, strongly positively associated with brain mass, and only moderately correlated with body mass. These findings suggest that gestation length both shapes and is shaped by other key traits, across eutherian mammals as well as sometimes in an order-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"628-636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alignment across taxonomic levels in strategies rather than in traits along elevational gradients. 跨分类水平的策略比对，而不是沿海拔梯度的性状比对。

IF 4.3 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-26 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf023

Aaditya Narasimhan, Yvonne Willi

{"title":"Alignment across taxonomic levels in strategies rather than in traits along elevational gradients.","authors":"Aaditya Narasimhan, Yvonne Willi","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf023","url":null,"abstract":"Trait variation along environmental gradients can indicate the different strategies that organisms have evolved in response to environmental heterogeneity. So far, many inferences on trait-environment associations come from global studies performed at high taxonomic levels, and their transferability to lower evolutionary and spatial scales is unclear. Here, we tested for alignment in trait-environment relationships in 13 life-history and physiological traits among and within 7 Brassicaceae species over elevational gradients. Species and source populations originated from different elevations in the central Alps, and plants were raised under benign and warm conditions in greenhouse chambers. Some traits showed alignment in both within- and among-species trait clines, with even higher alignment on the level of trait complexes. There was high parallelism in resource allocation to leaves, particularly of carbon, with allocation decreasing with elevation. Size and biomass also decreased with elevation at the species and within-species level, respectively. Overall, the concordance in resource investment strategies when coping with lower as compared to higher elevations across evolutionary and spatial scales highlights their general role in adaptation to elevation.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 5","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Accountability, voice, and trust - responsible use of GenAI in scientific publishing. 编辑：问责制、话语权和信任——科学出版中负责任地使用GenAI。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-22 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf027

引用次数: 0

Changes in flexibility but not in compactness underlie the thermal adaptation of prokaryotic adenylate kinases. 原核腺苷酸激酶热适应的基础是灵活性的变化，而不是致密性的变化。

IF 4.3 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-06 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf026

Dimitrios-Georgios Kontopoulos, Ilias Patmanidis, Timothy G Barraclough, Samraat Pawar

{"title":"Changes in flexibility but not in compactness underlie the thermal adaptation of prokaryotic adenylate kinases.","authors":"Dimitrios-Georgios Kontopoulos, Ilias Patmanidis, Timothy G Barraclough, Samraat Pawar","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf026","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the structural changes that enable enzymes to remain active in extreme thermal conditions is of broad scientific interest for both fundamental and applied biological research. Three key mechanisms that underlie the thermal adaptation of enzymes are modifications in structural flexibility, compactness, and the contacts formed among amino acids. However, most previous studies on these topics have been limited to small sample sizes or a narrow taxonomic focus, and the importance of these factors to thermal adaptation remains poorly understood. In this study, we combined molecular dynamics simulations and phylogenetic comparative analyses to thoroughly analyze the structural factors underlying thermal adaptation in adenylate kinase-a key enzyme involved in cellular energy balance and homeostasis-across 70 prokaryotic species. We detect systematic increases in the flexibility of the enzyme with temperature, both across and within species. In contrast, structural compactness appears to be almost completely independent of temperature. Finally, we uncover a remarkable diversity in the number and types of amino acid contacts observed in different adenylate kinases that cannot be explained solely by temperature. Our results suggest that there are multiple paths toward the adaptation of prokaryotic adenylate kinases to extreme thermal environments and that these paths are generally accessible through changes in flexibility.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 5","pages":"598-609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pleiotropy increases with gene age in six model multicellular eukaryotes. 六种模式多细胞真核生物的多效性随基因年龄增加而增加。

IF 3.7 1区生物学

Evolution Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-04 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qraf025

Reese Martin, Ann T Tate

{"title":"Pleiotropy increases with gene age in six model multicellular eukaryotes.","authors":"Reese Martin, Ann T Tate","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qraf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qraf025","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental traits of genes, including function, length, and Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content, all vary with gene age. Pleiotropy, where a single gene affects multiple traits, arises through selection for novel traits and is expected to be removed from the genome through subfunctionalization following duplication events. It is unclear, however, how these opposing forces shape the prevalence of pleiotropy through time. We hypothesized that the prevalence of pleiotropy would be lowest in young genes, peak in middle-aged genes, and then either decrease to a middling level in ancient genes or stay near the middle-aged peak, depending on the balance between exaptation and subfunctionalization. To address this question, we have calculated gene age and pleiotropic status for several model multicellular eukaryotes, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene age was determined by finding the most distantly related species that shared an ortholog using the Open Tree of Life and the Orthologous Matrix Database. Pleiotropic status was determined using both protein-protein interactions (STRINGdb) and associated biological processes (Gene Ontology). We found that middle-aged and ancient genes tend to be more pleiotropic than young genes, and that this relationship holds across all species evaluated and across both modalities of measuring pleiotropy. We also found absolute differences in the degree of pleiotropy based on gene functional class, but only when looking at biological process count. From these results, we propose that there is a fundamental relationship between pleiotropy and gene age, and further study of this relationship may shed light on the mechanism behind the functional changes genes undergo as they age.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"9 5","pages":"589-597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0