Evolution Letters最新文献

{"title":"Anisogamy and the Darwin-Bateman paradigm.","authors":"Tim Janicke","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Darwin-Bateman paradigm advanced as the central concept to explain the evolutionary origin of sex differences. However, debates regarding its theoretical underpinnings persist, particularly with respect to the role of anisogamy in sexual selection. The theoretical work presented by Lehtonen and Parker suggests that the initial split in gamete production rate drives sex differences in sexual selection but that any further variation in the degree of anisogamy is not expected to alter the strength of sexual selection in males and females. Here, I discuss the historical background of a recently emerged controversy and present empirical data that corroborate the theoretical predictions. Lehtonen and Parker's contribution refines our understanding of the Darwin-Bateman paradigm by providing a broad theory for large-scale patterns of sex differences that can be observed in nature. Further understanding of how demographic and environmental factors influence sexual selection is essential to predict the vast diversity of sex differences across the tree of life, beyond the primordial impact of anisogamy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"756-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the genomic overlap between intraspecific mating traits and interspecific mating barriers.","authors":"Leeban H Yusuf, Sonia Pascoal, Peter A Moran, Nathan W Bailey","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differences in interspecific mating traits, such as male sexual signals and female preferences, often evolve quickly as initial barriers to gene flow between nascent lineages, and they may also strengthen such barriers during secondary contact via reinforcement. However, it is an open question whether loci contributing to intraspecific variation in sexual traits are co-opted during the formation and strengthening of mating barriers between species. To test this, we used a population genomics approach in natural populations of Australian cricket sister species that overlap in a contact zone: <i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i> and <i>Teleogryllus commodus.</i> First, we identified loci associated with intraspecific variation in <i>T. oceanicus</i> mating signals: advertisement song and cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) pheromones. We then separately identified candidate interspecific barrier loci between the species. Genes showing elevated allelic divergence between species were enriched for neurological functions, indicating potential behavioral rewiring. Only two CHC-associated genes overlapped with these interspecific candidate barrier loci, and intraspecific CHC loci showed signatures of being under strong selective constraints between species. In contrast, 10 intraspecific song-associated genes showed high genetic differentiation between <i>T. commodus</i> and <i>T. oceanicus</i>, and 2 had signals of high genomic divergence. The overall lack of shared loci in intra vs. interspecific comparisons of mating trait and candidate barrier loci is consistent with limited co-option of the genetic architecture of interspecific mating signals during the establishment and maintenance of reproductive isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"902-915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating systems and recombination landscape strongly shape genetic diversity and selection in wheat relatives.","authors":"Concetta Burgarella, Marie-Fleur Brémaud, Gesa Von Hirschheydt, Veronique Viader, Morgane Ardisson, Sylvain Santoni, Vincent Ranwez, Miguel de Navascués, Jacques David, Sylvain Glémin","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How and why genetic diversity varies among species is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. Life history traits have been shown to explain a large part of observed diversity. Among them, mating systems have one of the strongest impacts on genetic diversity, with selfing species usually exhibiting much lower diversity than outcrossing relatives. Theory predicts that a high rate of selfing amplifies selection at linked sites, reducing genetic diversity genome-wide, but frequent bottlenecks and rapid population turn-over could also explain low genetic diversity in selfers. However, how linked selection varies with mating systems and whether it is sufficient to explain the observed difference between selfers and outcrossers has never been tested. Here, we used the <i>Aegilops</i>/<i>Triticum</i> grass species, a group characterized by contrasted mating systems (from obligate outcrossing to high selfing) and marked recombination rate variation across the genome, to quantify the effects of mating system and linked selection on patterns of neutral and selected polymorphism. By analyzing phenotypic and transcriptomic data of 13 species, we show that selfing strongly affects genetic diversity and the efficacy of selection by amplifying the intensity of linked selection genome-wide. In particular, signatures of adaptation were only found in the highly recombining regions in outcrossing species. These results bear implications for the evolution of mating systems and, more generally, for our understanding of the fundamental drivers of genetic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"866-880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic mechanisms of axial patterning in <i>Apeltes quadracus</i>.","authors":"Amy L Herbert, David Lee, Matthew J McCoy, Veronica C Behrens, Julia I Wucherpfennig, David M Kingsley","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genetic mechanisms underlying striking axial patterning changes in wild species are still largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that <i>Apeltes quadracus</i> fish, commonly known as fourspine sticklebacks, have evolved multiple different axial patterns in wild populations. Here, we revisit classic locations in Nova Scotia, Canada, where both high-spined and low-spined morphs are particularly common. Using genetic crosses and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we examine the genetic architecture of wild differences in several axial patterning traits, including the number and length of prominent dorsal spines, the number of underlying median support bones (pterygiophores), and the number and ratio of abdominal and caudal vertebrae along the anterior-posterior body axis. Our studies identify a highly significant QTL on chromosome 6 that controls a substantial fraction of phenotypic variation in multiple dorsal spine and pterygiophore traits (~15%-30% variance explained). An additional smaller-effect QTL on chromosome 14 contributes to the lengths of both the last dorsal spine and anal spine (~9% variance explained). 1 or no QTL were detected for differences in the numbers of abdominal and caudal vertebrae. The major-effect patterning QTL on chromosome 6 is centered on the <i>HOXDB</i> gene cluster, where sequence changes in a noncoding axial regulatory enhancer have previously been associated with prominent dorsal spine differences in <i>Apeltes</i>. The QTL that have the largest effects on dorsal spine number and length traits map to different chromosomes in <i>Apeltes</i> and <i>Gasterosteus</i>, 2 distantly related stickleback genera. However, in both genera, the major-effect QTL for prominent skeletal changes in wild populations maps to linked clusters of powerful developmental control genes. This study, therefore, bolsters the body of evidence that regulatory changes in developmental gene clusters provide a common genetic mechanism for evolving major morphological changes in natural species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"893-901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some like it hot: adaptation to the urban heat island in common dandelion.","authors":"Yannick Woudstra, Ron Kraaiveld, Alger Jorritsma, Kitty Vijverberg, Slavica Ivanovic, Roy Erkens, Heidrun Huber, Barbara Gravendeel, Koen J F Verhoeven","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) is a globally consistent pressure on biological species living in cities. Adaptation to the UHIE may be necessary for urban wild flora to persist in cities, but experimental evidence is scarce. Here, we report evidence of adaptive evolution in a perennial plant species in response to the UHIE. We collected seeds from common dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i>) individuals along an urban-rural gradient in the city of Amsterdam (The Netherlands). In common-environment greenhouse experiments, we assessed the effect of elevated temperatures on plant growth and the effect of vernalization treatments on flowering phenology. We found that urban plants accumulate more biomass at higher temperatures and require shorter vernalization periods, corresponding to milder winters, to induce flowering compared to rural plants. Differentiation was also observed between different intra-urban subhabitats, with park plants displaying a higher vernalization requirement than street plants. Our results show genetic differentiation between urban and rural dandelions in temperature-dependent growth and phenology, consistent with adaptive divergence in response to the UHIE. Adaptation to the UHIE may be a potential explanation for the persistence of dandelions in urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"881-892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the strength of viral fitness trade-offs between hosts: a meta-analysis of pleiotropic fitness effects.","authors":"Xuechun 'May' Wang, Julia Muller, Mya McDowell, David A Rasmussen","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The range of hosts a given virus can infect is widely presumed to be limited by fitness trade-offs between alternative hosts. These fitness trade-offs may arise naturally due to antagonistic pleiotropy if mutations that increase fitness in one host tend to decrease fitness in alternate hosts. Yet there is also growing recognition that positive pleiotropy may be more common than previously appreciated. With positive pleiotropy, mutations have concordant fitness effects such that a beneficial mutation can simultaneously increase fitness in different hosts, providing a genetic mechanism by which selection can overcome fitness trade-offs. How readily evolution can overcome fitness trade-offs therefore depends on the overall distribution of mutational fitness effects between hosts, including the relative frequency of antagonistic versus positive pleiotropy. We therefore conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the pleiotropic fitness effects of viral mutations reported in different hosts. Our analysis indicates that while both antagonistic and positive pleiotropy are common, fitness effects are overall positively correlated between hosts and unconditionally beneficial mutations are not uncommon. Moreover, the relative frequency of antagonistic versus positive pleiotropy may simply reflect the underlying frequency of beneficial and deleterious mutations in individual hosts. Given a mutation is beneficial in one host, the probability that it is deleterious in another host is roughly equal to the probability that any mutation is deleterious, suggesting there is no natural tendency toward antagonistic pleiotropy. The widespread prevalence of positive pleiotropy suggests that many fitness trade-offs may be readily overcome by evolution given the right selection pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"851-865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of reduced facilitation in a four-species bacterial community.","authors":"Philippe Piccardi, Eric Ulrich, Marc Garcia-Garcerà, Rita Di Martino, Samuele E A Testa, Sara Mitri","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial evolution is typically studied in monocultures or in communities of competing species. But microbes do not always compete and how positive inter-species interactions drive evolution is less clear: Initially facilitative communities may either evolve increased mutualism, increased reliance on certain species according to the Black Queen Hypothesis (BQH), or weaker interactions and resource specialization. To distinguish between these outcomes, we evolved four species for 44 weeks either alone or together in a toxic pollutant. These species initially facilitated each other, promoting each other's survival and pollutant degradation. After evolution, two species (<i>Microbacterium liquefaciens</i> and <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>) that initially relied fully on others to survive continued to do so, with no evidence for increased mutualism. Instead, <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> and <i>Comamonas testosteroni</i> (<i>Ct</i>) whose ancestors interacted positively, evolved in community to interact more neutrally and grew less well than when they had evolved alone, suggesting that the community limited their adaptation. We detected several gene loss events in <i>Ct</i> when evolving with others, but these events did not increase its reliance on other species, contrary to expectations under the BQH. We hypothesize instead that these gene loss events are a consequence of resource specialization. Finally, co-evolved communities degraded the pollutant worse than their ancestors. Together, our results support the evolution of weakened interactions and resource specialization, similar to what has been observed in competitive communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"828-840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between anisogamy and sexual selection intensity-the broad theoretical predictions.","authors":"Jussi Lehtonen, Geoff A Parker","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Darwin and Bateman suggested that precopulatory sexual selection is more intense on males than females, and that this difference is due to anisogamy (i.e., dimorphism in gamete size and number). While a recent paper apparently presents empirical support for this hypothesis, another appears at first sight to present evidence against it. We argue that this is partly due to lack of transparent theoretical predictions, and discuss and analyze sexual selection theory in relation to anisogamy evolution. On one hand, we find that there exists relatively little theory that can directly address all the tested predictions; on the other, the picture painted by current theory indicates that both sets of empirical results broadly match predictions about the causal link between anisogamy and sexual selection, thus reconciling the two apparently opposing claims. We also discuss in a very broad, general sense how anisogamy is expected to affect sexual selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 6","pages":"749-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance alters the ability of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to invade bacteria from the respiratory microbiome.","authors":"Selina Lindon, Sarah Shah, Danna R Gifford, Cédric Lood, Maria A Gomis Font, Divjot Kaur, Antonio Oliver, R Craig MacLean, Rachel M Wheatley","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrae030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a global health threat. One important unanswered question is how antibiotic resistance influences the ability of a pathogen to invade the host-associated microbiome. Here we investigate how antibiotic resistance impacts the ability of a bacterial pathogen to invade bacteria from the microbiome, using the opportunistic bacterial pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and the respiratory microbiome as our model system. We measure the ability of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants to invade pre-established cultures of commensal respiratory microbes in an assay that allows us to link specific resistance mutations with changes in invasion ability. While commensal respiratory microbes tend to provide some degree of resistance to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> invasion, antibiotic resistance is a double-edged sword that can either help or hinder the ability of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to invade. The directionality of this help or hindrance depends on both <i>P. aeruginosa</i> genotype and respiratory microbe identity. Specific resistance mutations in genes involved in multidrug efflux pump regulation are shown to facilitate the invasion of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> into <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i>, yet impair invasion into <i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. <i>Streptococcus</i> species provide the strongest resistance to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> invasion, and this is maintained regardless of antibiotic resistance genotype. Our study demonstrates how the cost of mutations that provide enhanced antibiotic resistance in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> can crucially depend on community context. We suggest that attempts to manipulate the microbiome should focus on promoting the growth of commensals that can increase the fitness costs associated with antibiotic resistance and provide robust inhibition of both wildtype and antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 5","pages":"735-747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biological circuit to anticipate trend.","authors":"Steven A Frank","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrae027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organisms gain by anticipating future changes in the environment. Those environmental changes often follow stochastic trends. The steeper the slope of the trend, the more likely the trend's momentum carries the future trend in the same direction. This article presents a simple biological circuit that measures the momentum, providing a prediction about future trend. The circuit calculates the momentum by the difference between a short-term and a long-term exponential moving average. The time lengths of the two moving averages can be adjusted by changing the decay rates of state variables. Different time lengths for those averages trade off between errors caused by noise and errors caused by lags in predicting a change in the direction of the trend. Prior studies have emphasized circuits that make similar calculations about trends. However, those prior studies embedded their analyses in the details of particular applications, obscuring the simple generality and wide applicability of the approach. The model here contributes to the topic by clarifying the great simplicity and generality of anticipation for stochastic trends. This article also notes that, in financial analysis, the difference between moving averages is widely used to predict future trends in asset prices. The financial measure is called the moving average convergence-divergence indicator. Connecting the biological problem to financial analysis opens the way for future studies in biology to exploit the variety of highly developed trend models in finance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":"8 5","pages":"719-725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}