Evolution Letters最新文献

{"title":"Evolution and spread of multiadapted pathogens in a spatially heterogeneous environment","authors":"Q. Griette, Matthieu Alfaro, G. Raoul, Sylvain Gandon","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrad073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pathogen adaptation to multiple selective pressures challenges our ability to control their spread. Here we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens spreading in a heterogeneous host population where selection varies periodically in space. We study both the transient dynamics taking place at the front of the epidemic and the long-term evolution far behind the front. We identify five types of epidemic profiles arising for different levels of spatial heterogeneity and different costs of adaptation. In particular, we identify the conditions where a generalist pathogen carrying multiple adaptations can outrace a coalition of specialist pathogens. We also show that finite host populations promote the spread of generalist pathogens because demographic stochasticity enhances the extinction of locally maladapted pathogens. But higher mutation rates between genotypes can rescue the coalition of specialists and speed up the spread of epidemics for intermediate levels of spatial heterogeneity. Our work provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between migration, local selection, mutation, and genetic drift on the spread and on the evolution of pathogens in heterogeneous environments. This work extends our fundamental understanding of the outcome of the competition between two specialists and a generalist strategy (single- vs. multiadapted pathogens). These results have practical implications for the design of more durable control strategies against multiadapted pathogens in agriculture and in public health.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host specificity in Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebas","authors":"Suegene Noh, Ron F. Peck, Emily R Larson, Rachel M. Covitz, Anna Chen, Prachee Roy, Marisa C. Hamilton, Robert A. Dettmann","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In facultative symbioses, only a fraction of hosts are associated with symbionts. Specific host and symbiont pairings may be the result of host–symbiont coevolution driven by reciprocal selection or priority effects pertaining to which potential symbiont is associated with a host first. Distinguishing between these possibilities is important for understanding the evolutionary forces that affect facultative symbioses. We used the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, and its symbiont, Paraburkholderia bonniea, to determine whether ongoing coevolution affects which host–symbiont strain pairs naturally cooccur within a facultative symbiosis. Relative to other Paraburkholderia, including another symbiont of D. discoideum, P. bonniea features a reduced genome size that indicates a significant history of coevolution with its host. We hypothesized that ongoing host–symbiont coevolution would lead to higher fitness for naturally cooccurring (native) host and symbiont pairings compared to novel pairings. We show for the first time that P. bonniea symbionts can horizontally transmit to new amoeba hosts when hosts aggregate together during the social stage of their life cycle. Here we find evidence for a virulence–transmission trade-off without host specificity. Although symbiont strains were significantly variable in virulence and horizontal transmission rate, hosts and symbionts responded similarly to associations in native and novel pairings. We go on to identify candidate virulence factors in the genomes of P. bonniea strains that may contribute to variation in virulence. We conclude that ongoing coevolution is unlikely for D. discoideum and P. bonniea. The system instead appears to represent a stable facultative symbiosis in which naturally cooccurring P. bonniea host and symbiont pairings are the result of priority effects.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation","authors":"Tania S Barerra, Marie-Laure Sattolo, Kevin E Kwok, A. Agrawal, H. Rundle","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrae002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The evolution of behavioral isolation is often the first step toward speciation. While past studies show that behavioral isolation will sometimes evolve as a by-product of divergent ecological selection, we lack a more nuanced understanding of factors that may promote or hamper its evolution. The environment in which mating occurs may be important in mediating whether behavioral isolation evolves for two reasons. Ecological speciation could occur as a direct outcome of different sexual interactions being favored in different mating environments. Alternatively, mating environments may vary in the constraint they impose on traits underlying mating interactions, such that populations evolving in a “constraining” mating environment would be less likely to evolve behavioral isolation than populations evolving in a less constraining mating environment. In the latter, mating environment is not the direct cause of behavioral isolation but rather permits its evolution only if other drivers are present. We test these ideas with a set of 28 experimental fly populations, each of which evolved under one of two mating environments and one of two larval environments. Counter to the prediction of ecological speciation by mating environment, behavioral isolation was not maximal between populations evolved in different mating environments. Nonetheless, mating environment was an important factor as behavioral isolation evolved among populations from one mating environment but not among populations from the other. Though one mating environment was conducive to the evolution of behavioral isolation, it was not sufficient: assortative mating only evolved between populations adapting to different-larval environments within that mating environment, indicating a role for ecological speciation. Intriguingly, the mating environment that promoted behavioral isolation is characterized by less sexual conflict compared to the other mating environment. Our results suggest that mating environments play a key role in mediating ecological speciation via other axes of divergent selection.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regularized regression can improve estimates of multivariate selection in the face of multicollinearity and limited data","authors":"Jacqueline L. Sztepanacz, David Houle","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrad064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The breeder’s equation, Δz¯=Gβ , allows us to understand how genetics (the genetic covariance matrix, G) and the vector of linear selection gradients β interact to generate evolutionary trajectories. Estimation of β using multiple regression of trait values on relative fitness revolutionized the way we study selection in laboratory and wild populations. However, multicollinearity, or correlation of predictors, can lead to very high variances of and covariances between elements of β , posing a challenge for the interpretation of the parameter estimates. This is particularly relevant in the era of big data, where the number of predictors may approach or exceed the number of observations. A common approach to multicollinear predictors is to discard some of them, thereby losing any information that might be gained from those traits. Using simulations, we show how, on the one hand, multicollinearity can result in inaccurate estimates of selection, and, on the other, how the removal of correlated phenotypes from the analyses can provide a misguided view of the targets of selection. We show that regularized regression, which places data-validated constraints on the magnitudes of individual elements of β, can produce more accurate estimates of the total strength and direction of multivariate selection in the presence of multicollinearity and limited data, and often has little cost when multicollinearity is low. We also compare standard and regularized regression estimates of selection in a reanalysis of three published case studies, showing that regularized regression can improve fitness predictions in independent data. Our results suggest that regularized regression is a valuable tool that can be used as an important complement to traditional least-squares estimates of selection. In some cases, its use can lead to improved predictions of individual fitness, and improved estimates of the total strength and direction of multivariate selection.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental effects on genetic variance are likely to constrain adaptation in novel environments.","authors":"Greg M Walter, Keyne Monro, Delia Terranova, Enrico la Spina, Maria Majorana, Giuseppe Pepe, James Clark, Salvatore Cozzolino, Antonia Cristaudo, Simon J Hiscock, Jon Bridle","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrad065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive plasticity allows populations to cope with environmental variation but is expected to fail as conditions become unfamiliar. In novel conditions, populations may instead rely on rapid adaptation to increase fitness and avoid extinction. Adaptation should be fastest when both plasticity and selection occur in directions of the multivariate phenotype that contain abundant genetic variation. However, tests of this prediction from field experiments are rare. Here, we quantify how additive genetic variance in a multivariate phenotype changes across an elevational gradient, and test whether plasticity and selection align with genetic variation. We do so using two closely related, but ecologically distinct, sister species of Sicilian daisy (<i>Senecio</i>, Asteraceae) adapted to high and low elevations on Mt. Etna. Using a quantitative genetic breeding design, we generated and then reciprocally planted c. 19,000 seeds of both species, across an elevational gradient spanning each species' native elevation, and then quantified mortality and five leaf traits of emergent seedlings. We found that genetic variance in leaf traits changed more across elevations than between species. The high-elevation species at novel lower elevations showed changes in the distribution of genetic variance among the leaf traits, which reduced the amount of genetic variance in the directions of selection and the native phenotype. By contrast, the low-elevation species mainly showed changes in the amount of genetic variance at the novel high elevation, and genetic variance was concentrated in the direction of the native phenotype. For both species, leaf trait plasticity across elevations was in a direction of the multivariate phenotype that contained a moderate amount of genetic variance. Together, these data suggest that where plasticity is adaptive, selection on genetic variance for an initially plastic response could promote adaptation. However, large environmental effects on genetic variance are likely to reduce adaptive potential in novel environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11285158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental noise and phenotypic plasticity are correlated in <i>Drosophila simulans</i>.","authors":"Keita Saito, Masahito Tsuboi, Yuma Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrad069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-genetic variation is the phenotypic variation induced by the differential expression of a genotype in response to varying environmental cues and is broadly categorized into two types: phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise. These aspects of variation have been suggested to play an important role in adaptive evolution. However, the mechanisms by which these two types of non-genetic variations influence the evolutionary process are currently poorly understood. Using a machine-learning-based phenotyping tool, we independently quantified phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise in the wing morphological traits of the fruit fly <i>Drosophila simulans.</i> Utilizing a rearing experiment, we demonstrated plastic responses in both wing size and shape as well as non-zero heritability of both phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise, which suggests that adaptive phenotypic plasticity can evolve via genetic accommodation in the wing morphology of <i>D. simulans</i>. We found a positive correlation between phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise, while the correlation between the plastic response to three kinds of environmental factors that were examined (nutrient condition, temperature, and light-dark cycle) was poor. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise contribute to evolvability in a similar manner, however, the mechanisms that underlie the correspondence between these two types of variation remain to be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward greater realism in inclusive fitness models: the case of caste fate conflict in insect societies.","authors":"Helena Mendes Ferreira, Denise Araujo Alves, Lloyd Cool, Cintia Akemi Oi, Ricardo Caliari Oliveira, Tom Wenseleers","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrad068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of social evolution, inclusive fitness theory has been successful in making a wide range of qualitative predictions on expected patterns of cooperation and conflict. Nevertheless, outside of sex ratio theory, inclusive fitness models that make accurate quantitative predictions remain relatively rare. Past models dealing with caste fate conflict in insect societies, for example, successfully predicted that if female larvae can control their own caste fate, an excess should opt to selfishly develop as queens. Available models, however, were unable to accurately predict levels of queen production observed in <i>Melipona</i> bees-a genus of stingless bees where caste is self-determined-as empirically observed levels of queen production are approximately two times lower than the theoretically predicted ones. Here, we show that this discrepancy can be resolved by explicitly deriving the colony-level cost of queen overproduction from a dynamic model of colony growth, requiring the incorporation of parameters of colony growth and demography, such as the per-capita rate at which new brood cells are built and provisioned, the percentage of the queen's eggs that are female, costs linked with worker reproduction and worker mortality. Our revised model predicts queen overproduction to more severely impact colony productivity, resulting in an evolutionarily stable strategy that is approximately half that of the original model, and is shown to accurately predict actual levels of queen overproduction observed in different <i>Melipona</i> species. Altogether, this shows how inclusive fitness models can provide accurate quantitative predictions, provided that costs and benefits are modeled in sufficient detail and are measured precisely.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring polymorphism in a palatable prey: predation risk and frequency dependence in relation to distinct levels of conspicuousness","authors":"Riccardo Poloni, Marina Dhennin, Johanna Mappes, Mathieu Joron, Ossi Nokelainen","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrad071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Camouflage and warning signals are different antipredator strategies, which offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolutionary forces acting on prey appearance. Edible prey often escape detection via camouflage, which usually leads to apostatic selection favoring rare morphs. By contrast, defended prey often display conspicuous coloration acting as warning signals to predators, which usually leads to positive frequency dependence and signal uniformity. However, when two morphs of the same species vary greatly in conspicuousness, the maintenance of both cryptic and conspicuous forms in profitable prey populations remains enigmatic. Using the white and melanic morphs of the invasive box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) presented at three different frequencies, we investigate (a) the palatability of caterpillars and adult moths to birds, (b) predation rates on the less conspicuous melanic morph, and (c) the role of frequency dependence in balancing morph frequencies. Our results show that caterpillars are distasteful for birds but not adult moths that are fully palatable. We found that the less conspicuous, melanic morph, benefits from reduced predation due to its lower detectability. The more conspicuous, white morph, instead, is more predated and is best off when common, suggesting positive frequency dependence. These results offer new insights into the evolution of color polymorphism and prey defenses in a polymorphic moth species. Further investigation is required to understand the role of different predation regimes on the maintenance of the polymorphism in this species and test whether additional selection pressures operate in natural populations.","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neopolyploidy increases stress tolerance and reduces fitness plasticity across multiple urban pollutants: support for the \"general-purpose\" genotype hypothesis.","authors":"Martin M Turcotte, Nancy Kaufmann, Katie L Wagner, Taylor A Zallek, Tia-Lynn Ashman","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrad072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-genome duplication is a common macromutation with extensive impacts on gene expression, cellular function, and whole-organism phenotype. As a result, it has been proposed that polyploids have \"general-purpose\" genotypes that perform better than their diploid progenitors under stressful conditions. Here, we test this hypothesis in the context of stresses presented by anthropogenic pollutants. Specifically, we tested how multiple neotetraploid genetic lineages of the mostly asexually reproducing greater duckweed (<i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i>) perform across a favorable control environment and 5 urban pollutants (iron, salt, manganese, copper, and aluminum). By quantifying the population growth rate of asexually reproducing duckweed over multiple generations, we found that across most pollutants, but not all, polyploidy decreased the growth rate of actively growing propagules but increased that of dormant ones. Yet, when considering total propagule production, polyploidy increased tolerance to most pollutants, and polyploids maintained population-level fitness across pollutants better than diploids. Furthermore, broad-sense genetic correlations in growth rate among pollutants were all positive in neopolyploids but not so for diploids. Our results provide a rare test and support for the hypothesis that polyploids are more tolerant of stressful conditions and can maintain fitness better than diploids across heterogeneous stresses. These results may help predict that polyploids may be likely to persist in stressful environments, such as those caused by urbanization and other human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution is more repeatable in the introduction than range expansion phase of colonization.","authors":"Silas Tittes, Christopher Weiss-Lehman, Nolan C Kane, Ruth A Hufbauer, Nancy C Emery, Brett A Melbourne","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrad063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evlett/qrad063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How repeatable is evolution at genomic and phenotypic scales? We studied the repeatability of evolution during 8 generations of colonization using replicated microcosm experiments with the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>. Based on the patterns of shared allele frequency changes that occurred in populations from the same generation or experimental location, we found adaptive evolution to be more repeatable in the introduction and establishment phases of colonization than in the spread phase, when populations expand their range. Lastly, by studying changes in allele frequencies at conserved loci, we found evidence for the theoretical prediction that range expansion reduces the efficiency of selection to purge deleterious alleles. Overall, our results increase our understanding of adaptive evolution during colonization, demonstrating that evolution can be highly repeatable while also showing that stochasticity still plays an important role.</p>","PeriodicalId":48629,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}