Urban Climate最新文献_第4页

Research on the veering wind characteristics in typical suburban terrain based on lidar field measurements

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102269

Jian Wu, Yi Yang

{"title":"Research on the veering wind characteristics in typical suburban terrain based on lidar field measurements","authors":"Jian Wu, Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102269","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Doppler lidar field measurement results of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) lasting for 25 months in a typical suburban terrain where the Shenzhen Meteorological Gradient Tower is located, the veering wind characteristics of different wind fields types in ABL within an altitude range of approximately 800 m were systematically investigated. Results show that: 1) The veering wind of the monsoon was significantly influenced by the topographic conditions, and the total wind veering angles were about −13° ∼ −45°. By defining the mountain influence factor M, the influence ranges of Yangtai Mountain on the east and Fenghuang Mountain on the west on the monsoon wind direction profile were detected to be within 60° ∼ 120° and 240° ∼ 345°, respectively. 2) The characteristics of veering wind were influenced by different types of wind climates (monsoon and typhoon), exhibiting different distribution characteristics with altitude, wind speed and wind direction. 3) The Ekman spiral and inverse Ekman spiral phenomena in the monsoon group exhibited obvious time variation characteristic and were influenced by atmospheric stability. 4) A new mathematical model for describing the monsoon wind direction characteristics suitable for flat terrain was proposed, which would be useful for the wind resistance design for super high-rise building structures.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virginia Heat Watch: Collaboration to assess climate vulnerability at local to regional scales

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102252

Todd R. Lookingbill, Karin P. Warren, J. Christopher Haley, Elizabeth G. Malcolm, Lisa Jordan Powell, Scott M. Starr, Sarah Melissa Witiak, Michael J. Wolyniak, Beth Zizzamia

{"title":"Virginia Heat Watch: Collaboration to assess climate vulnerability at local to regional scales","authors":"Todd R. Lookingbill, Karin P. Warren, J. Christopher Haley, Elizabeth G. Malcolm, Lisa Jordan Powell, Scott M. Starr, Sarah Melissa Witiak, Michael J. Wolyniak, Beth Zizzamia","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102252","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic studies of temperature using consistent, field-validated methods are needed to make inter- and intra-urban heat comparisons and to prioritize resources and mitigation strategies. This study investigated spatial patterns of heat hazard across 10 small- to medium- sized cities in Virginia, USA, using a community science approach. Air temperature data were collected on a high-heat day in July 2021, employing a network of 213 volunteers. Geolocated one-second temperature and humidity measurements were used to create and validate 10-m resolution temperature models for each locality. Results indicate substantial intra-urban temperature differentials even in the smallest localities, averaging 3.2 °C for the morning, 5.1 °C for the afternoon, and 4.9 °C for the evening. The average cooling rate for the region was 0.28 °C per 10 % increase in tree cover. Census Block Groups with highest percentages of people of color and historically redlined neighborhoods exhibited elevated temperatures, highlighting environmental justice (EJ) implications. Socioeconomic variables less commonly used in EJ studies, such as educational attainment and employment status, were predictive of high-temperature areas in the smaller localities. Findings underscore the broad range of urban heat drivers and illustrate how community-based data can be used to prioritize policy and actions addressing extreme heat at local and regional scales.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A conceptual analytical framework for green infrastructure (GI) towards resilience building in urban contexts: A Stakeholders' collaboration perspective

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102254

Frances Ifeoma Ukonze, Antoni B. Moore, Greg H. Leonard, Ben K. Daniel

引用次数: 0

Long-term trends in heat wave gaps for the New York City metropolitan area

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102247

Anthony Lin, Brian A. Colle

{"title":"Long-term trends in heat wave gaps for the New York City metropolitan area","authors":"Anthony Lin, Brian A. Colle","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102247","url":null,"abstract":"Heat waves occurring in close succession to one another are hazardous because of the prolonged stress on the human body and energy demand. A heat wave gap metric, the time between two adjacent heat wave events, was utilized to examine the gap length and frequency trend for several stations around New York City (NYC) during the last several decades. From 1961 to 1990 to 1991–2020, the average heat wave gap for the various stations decreased by 15–41 %, the number of short gaps (≤5 days) increased by 33–300 %, while the number of long gaps (>5 days) remained relatively constant. K-means, a clustering algorithm, applied to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) daily reanalysis data was used to identify flow patterns associated with the short and long gaps. The leading short-gap pattern started with a weak cold front that ended the heat wave, while a highly amplified upper ridge over the central U.S. and a westward extension of a surface high pressure over the southeast U.S. advected warm air to the Northeast U.S. over the next few days to start another heat wave. The leading two long-gap patterns were associated with a stronger surface cold front, a weaker central U.S. upper ridge, and a deeper eastern U.S. upper trough.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combined effects of future urban development and rainfall patterns on flood characteristics in the Qinhuai River basin

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102256

Yuqin Gao, Xilan Tan, Yunping Liu, Meijuan Xia, Xiao Chen

{"title":"Combined effects of future urban development and rainfall patterns on flood characteristics in the Qinhuai River basin","authors":"Yuqin Gao, Xilan Tan, Yunping Liu, Meijuan Xia, Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102256","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial patterns of urban development and storm characteristics significantly influence flood forecasting and early warning systems in watersheds. This study simulated the spatial distribution pattern of urban land cover under different future scenarios by coupling multi-objective programming (MOP) with the Path-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) models. Then, the HEC-HMS model was used to analyze the response between urban spatial and storm patterns. Results indicated that natural environmental factors contributed significantly to cropland, forest, and grassland, while socioeconomic factors primarily influenced other land types. 6-h and daily rainfall data analysis consistently recognized common storm types—early, late, and mid-peak (Types I, II, and III). With increasing rainfall intensity, the peak flow of Type I occurs earlier. For all scenarios (Natural, Rapid urban, Ecological conservation, Coordinated development), Type II exhibited the highest peak flows, averaging 31.1 % and 8.5 % higher than Types I and III. Under the rapid urban development scenario, peak flow and volumes for all storm types were the highest. Urban development patterns significantly affected flood processes at the subbasin scale, while variations in rainfall patterns impacted the basin scale more significantly. Future urban planning should balance economic growth with ecological sustainability and guard against Type II rainfall patterns during flood prevention.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of PM2.5 around 1893 elementary schools and kindergartens in Tehran over different time windows

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102249

Mohammad Khanizadeh, Kazem Naddafi, Masud Yunesian, Gerard Hoek, Ramin Nabizadeh, Helen Suh, Sadegh Niazi, Reza Bayat, Fatemeh Momeniha, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Sasan Faridi

{"title":"Comparison of PM2.5 around 1893 elementary schools and kindergartens in Tehran over different time windows","authors":"Mohammad Khanizadeh, Kazem Naddafi, Masud Yunesian, Gerard Hoek, Ramin Nabizadeh, Helen Suh, Sadegh Niazi, Reza Bayat, Fatemeh Momeniha, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Sasan Faridi","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102249","url":null,"abstract":"We employed a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate ambient fine particulate matter (PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf>) concentrations around elementary schools and kindergartens across Tehran, utilizing 138 predictor variables within buffers ranging from 100 to 2000 m. Among these, nine variables predicted the annual ambient PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> concentration around elementary schools and kindergartens. The model demonstrated acceptable performance, as indicated by the magnitude of the coefficients of determination (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> and adjusted R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>) and validation metrics such as K-fold cross-validation (K-foldCV) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, adjusted R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, K-foldCV R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> and LOOCV R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> were 0.74 and 0.68, 0.68, and 0.55, respectively. The predictor variables included green space, population density, the distance to secondary roads, water channels, fuel/gas stations, main squares, the number of parking lots and mosques. There is a substantial spatial inequality in annual concentration of ambient PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> across Tehran as nearly all of the schools situated in the north experienced lower levels (< 35 μg/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>) compared with those in the south (> 40 μg/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>). This pattern observed for the Kindergartens across Tehran. Our findings highlight the importance of infrastructure design changes, such as expanding green spaces and relocating parking lots, to enhance air quality around schools and kindergartens.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing extreme rainfall exposure to climate-focused planning efforts: A mixed methods analysis in the northeastern United States

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102258

Naomi Miller, Donovan Finn, Kevin A. Reed

{"title":"Comparing extreme rainfall exposure to climate-focused planning efforts: A mixed methods analysis in the northeastern United States","authors":"Naomi Miller, Donovan Finn, Kevin A. Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the motivation for climate planning at the local level in three states in the northeastern United States. Cataloging climate-focused plans in 461 coastal and riverine municipalities in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut we compare these efforts to the incidence of extreme precipitation from 2000 to 2021 based on climatologies of precipitation derived from a large-scale meteorological dataset. Localities' experience with extreme precipitation and their climate planning status is also compared with a selection of socio-demographic indicators. For the region analyzed, climate-focused planning is relatively rare, but coastal communities experienced more frequent extreme precipitation events and appear to have engaged in more climate-focused planning relative to riverine communities and also are more likely to cite scientific evidence of climate change as justification for planning. Notably, some coastal communities engaged in climate-related planning despite having a higher proportion of Republican voters, who are typically more conservative and skeptical of both climate change and public policy efforts to address it. Finally, some storms, even when not climatologically extreme, nonetheless leave a lasting impression because of their impacts. These have significant implications for local efforts to address climate challenges, showing how extreme climatological events may drive government decisions and highlighting additional factors that may also amplify or impede planning for climate change.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land-surface-physics-based downscaling versus conventional dynamical downscaling for high-resolution urban climate change information: The case study of two cities

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102228

Lingbo Xue, Quang-Van Doan, Hiroyuki Kusaka, Cenlin He, Fei Chen

{"title":"Land-surface-physics-based downscaling versus conventional dynamical downscaling for high-resolution urban climate change information: The case study of two cities","authors":"Lingbo Xue, Quang-Van Doan, Hiroyuki Kusaka, Cenlin He, Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102228","url":null,"abstract":"This study for the first time examines the performance of the computationally-efficient land-surface-physics-based downscaling (LSP-DS) approach for high-resolution urban climate prediction by comparing it with the conventional dynamical downscaling (D-DS). LSP-DS utilizes the offline land-surface-modeling system HRLDAS, while D-DS employs the regional climate model WRF. Both approaches integrate the coupled land-surface and urban-canopy models. Simulations are driven by coarse-resolution reanalysis data to achieve 2-km climate downscaling, targeting two cities, Tokyo and Singapore. The findings reveal that LSP-DS can accurately reproduce the urban heat island (UHI) effect at high resolution, comparable with D-DS. LSP-DS even shows consistently better results for urban areas, across varying weather conditions such as heatwaves, non-heatwaves, dry, and rainy periods. Both methods show the same performance on the compound effects of heatwaves and UHI, with LSP-DS tending to simulate moderate UHI effects compared with D-DS. This study highlights the LSP-DS's potential as a computationally efficient and effective tool for urban climate downscaling, particularly to serve the next IPCC special report on climate change and cities. However, users should be mindful of the LSP-DS's limitations, such as the absence of two-way feedback with atmospheric physical and dynamical processes, when applying LSP-DS and explaining its results.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of city-scale PALM model simulations and intra-urban thermal variability in Vienna, Austria using operational and crowdsourced data

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102245

Maja Žuvela-Aloise, Claudia Hahn, B. Hollósi

{"title":"Evaluation of city-scale PALM model simulations and intra-urban thermal variability in Vienna, Austria using operational and crowdsourced data","authors":"Maja Žuvela-Aloise, Claudia Hahn, B. Hollósi","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102245","url":null,"abstract":"The PALM model system for urban applications is used to simulate the spatio-temporal thermal variability under heat wave conditions in Vienna, Austria. Model simulations covering the city area and its surroundings with a spatial resolution of 20 m are performed for four consecutive clear-sky hot days in August 2022. The results for hourly air temperature are evaluated with data from conventional weather stations of professional monitoring networks and quality-controlled data from private weather stations of the company NETATMO. The observations show high intra-urban variability during daytime and distinct spatial patterns at night with higher air temperatures in densely built city centre and lower temperatures in surrounding low-density urban region with prevailing green areas. The model shows lower variability than the observations, but similar large-scale spatial patterns. Direct comparison with observational data indicates a good model performance with a high coefficient of determination (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> > 0.85), low bias (0.2 °C – 0.4 °C) and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.8 °C. Evaluation of intra-urban thermal variability based on classification per land use and land cover type shows a statistically significant air temperature difference between the built-up areas and high vegetation surfaces during the night of about 1 °C in the observation and about 2 °C simulated by the model.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining urban agglomeration heat island with explainable AI: An enhanced consideration of anthropogenic heat emissions

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102251

Tianyu Sheng, Zhixin Zhang, Zhen Qian, Peilong Ma, Wei Xie, Yue Zeng, Kai Zhang, Zhuo Sun, Jian Yu, Min Chen

{"title":"Examining urban agglomeration heat island with explainable AI: An enhanced consideration of anthropogenic heat emissions","authors":"Tianyu Sheng, Zhixin Zhang, Zhen Qian, Peilong Ma, Wei Xie, Yue Zeng, Kai Zhang, Zhuo Sun, Jian Yu, Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102251","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global warming and urbanization, regional economic concentration has increased anthropogenic heat emissions (AHE), posing significant threats to health and sustainability. The oversimplification of AHE in previous urban heat island studies hinders the development and implementation of AHE-reduction strategies aimed at mitigating high land surface temperature (LST). Therefore, this study reevaluates the regional heat island (RHI) effect in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) using multisource geo-big data. The analysis reveals that central RHI intensity (RHII) exceeds 3 °C, indicating a significant heat island. We constructed an integrated LightGBM model with four AHE and other classical indicators to fit LST, achieving an R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> of 0.8931. To improve the model's interpretability, we utilized SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which identified NDVI, DEM, and building AHE as significant indicators influencing LST in the GBA, each with SHAP values exceeding 0.25. Simulations of three intensity scenarios for tiered AHE reduction strategies show that a 10 % industrial AHE reduction in heavy industrial cities can cool 40 % of these areas and decrease RHII by more than 0.03 °C. This study provides actionable guidelines for targeted RHI mitigation in the GBA and provides valuable insights for evaluating RHI in other bay areas and urban agglomerations.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0