Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"Built environment dynamics, atmospheric circulations, and geographical context shaping urban microclimates: Mobile observational insights from Athens's complex basin, Greece","authors":"Christos Giannaros ,&nbsp;Katerina Papagiannaki ,&nbsp;Petros Kyriakou ,&nbsp;Ilias Agathangelidis ,&nbsp;Vasileios Vafeiadis ,&nbsp;Antonis Bezes ,&nbsp;Vassiliki Kotroni ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Lagouvardos","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fine-scale variability of urban microclimates plays a critical role in shaping heat stress vulnerability and informing targeted mitigation responses. The present study aims to advance understanding of how urban form and function, atmospheric circulations, and geographical features influence this variability by assessing intra-urban heat and moisture patterns in Athens, Greece—a Mediterranean coastal city with complex topography—using mobile observations, collected during a summer 2024 heat wave day, and a multiple linear regression modeling framework. This analytical approach incorporated five urban morphological and functional predictors, along with two landscape variables, while it used vapor pressure as the humidity-related dependent variable, offering a more physically consistent and thermo-physiologically relevant indicator of atmospheric moisture. Results revealed a dominant modulation by heat wave-amplified sea breeze dynamics during the early afternoon, contributing to spatial confounding effects and reducing the influence of urban structural and functional attributes. Notably, West Athens—a socially vulnerable and heat-exposed area—demonstrated enhanced daytime cooling potential due to more open building arrangements, although elevated water vapor content may counteract perceived heat stress relief. At early nighttime, cooling in vegetated urban areas became more evident, with the role of built environment dynamics becoming increasingly apparent and varying by location and Local Climate Zone context. These findings can support climate-just urban planning and guide future relevant research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic-algorithms based optimization method of building geometric opening configurations for enhancing outdoor wind environment performance","authors":"Tingzhou Liu ,&nbsp;Zhichao Lin ,&nbsp;Shi Yin ,&nbsp;Yiqiang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of the outdoor environment is closely linked to urban ventilation performance. Poor wind conditions in high-density urban areas can lead to severe air pollution and reduced thermal comfort. However, the relationship between outdoor wind conditions and building opening configurations is complex. This study aims to optimize building opening designs for improving the urban wind environment. By combining multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithms and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology, this research proposes a framework to guide the design and layout of building openings. Various opening schemes were simulated in a digital model based on a real site in Shenzhen, China. Potential opening configurations for high and low permeability scenarios were obtained through Pareto optimization, and an opening probability map was generated. The results demonstrate that at a porosity of 15 %, pedestrian-level mean wind speed, wind speed dispersion, and pressure differences between the front and rear of the downstream building can be improved by up to 20.00 %, 19.35 %, and 183.33 %, respectively. When the porosity is increased to 25 %, these values improve to 42.22 %, 16.13 %, and 483.33 %. Based on the opening probability distribution map, two building façade opening schemes with different permeability were designed and validated through CFD simulations. Our findings suggest that this framework can effectively guide the design of building openings, improve urban airflow, and offer valuable practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102600"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of land-use changes on the increase in extreme precipitation events in the Lake Victoria Basin","authors":"Joan Birungi ,&nbsp;Jinhua Yu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Yeboah ,&nbsp;Philemon Henry King'uza ,&nbsp;Kazora Jonah","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of land use and land cover changes on extreme rainfall events in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), a region undergoing significant environmental changes. Understanding these influences is crucial for effective land use planning and climate adaptation. The study addresses a knowledge gap by examining how future land cover changes will affect the frequency, intensity, and distribution of extreme rainfall. A multidisciplinary approach combines remote sensing, climate modeling, and hydrological analysis, utilizing Landsat satellite imagery to track historical land use and climate data from CMIP6, CHIRPS, and ERA5. Focusing on the period from 1995 to 2099, the study predicts a 14 % decrease in forest cover and a 7 % to 25 % increase in urbanization. These changes are expected to significantly impact local climate, with a projected 20 % increase in annual maximum daily precipitation (Rx1day) by 2099. Additionally, heavy rainfall days (R10mm) may increase by 5 to 40 days per year, peaking around 2084, 2090, and 2095. The study also forecasts an increase in CDD ranging from 20 to 80 days, emphasizing the need for integrating land management strategies into climate adaptation plans to enhance resilience against future extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population mobility network characteristics and its influencing factors under the influence of Typhoon Bebinca","authors":"Yicheng Huang,&nbsp;Ying Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing frequency of typhoons, the stability and resilience of the inter-city population mobility network is facing serious challenges. However, existing studies have failed to comprehensively illuminate the dynamics in the regional network in general, especially the changes in network structure and drivers under disaster situations. Therefore, based on the PSR framework and the complex network model, this paper constructs an assessment model for the characteristics of the population mobility network in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region under the influence of Typhoon Bebinca, in order to analyze the impact of the typhoon on the network structure and the changes in its driving factors.</div><div>The study shows that, first, during the typhoon, the network size and density decreased, long-distance mobility decreased, and mobility was concentrated among neighboring cities, showing the characteristics of “small world”. Second, after the typhoon landfall, the population inflow to the central city dropped significantly. Then, network connectivity declines during the typhoon, but modularity increases. Finally, in terms of drivers, differences in wind, air quality, residents' economic conditions, and the level of pollution control between cities significantly and negatively affect the network.</div><div>In summary, this paper enriches the theoretical study of population mobility network in disaster situations, and provides scientific basis and policy recommendations for enhancing emergency management capabilities and optimizing post-disaster recovery strategies in the YRD region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual impacts of built environment on extreme heat and urban heat resilience: A comparative study in Beijing","authors":"Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Wanlu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Zheng Tan ,&nbsp;Yuqian Mei ,&nbsp;Bowen Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating urban heat requires both reducing extreme land surface temperatures (ELST) and enhancing urban heat resilience (UHR). However, these two goals are often studied in isolation. This study provides an integrated analysis of ELST and UHR across Beijing's core urban area. We define UHR as an index of thermal resistance—ability to resist temperature increases during extreme hot days. Using Geographically Weighted Random Forest (GWRF) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we analyze how built environment attributes simultaneously influence both ELST and UHR. Our findings reveal that: 1) A critical 94.3 % spatial mismatch between areas with ELST and UHR, indicating that two metrics capture related but distinct aspects of urban thermal environment; 2) While water bodies were the most influential factor in reducing ELST, greenery had the greatest impact on enhancing UHR; 3) The effects of all built environment attributes on ELST and UHR were spatially heterogeneous; 4) The synergistic benefits of greenery and water were context-dependent, reducing ELST in 27.6 % of study area and enhancing UHR in 30.7 %; and 5) The GWRF model significantly outperformed non-spatial approaches (R2 = 0.825 for ELST, 0.903 for UHR). This research underscores the necessity of tailoring strategies that distinctly target temperature reduction and resilience enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the influence of rooftop vegetation on pollution dispersion in urban canyons through Large-Eddy Simulations","authors":"Malik Safi Ullah,&nbsp;Alessandro Di Giulio,&nbsp;Carlo Cintolesi,&nbsp;Silvana Di Sabatino","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban air pollution is a significant hazard to human health, which is expected to worsen with the increase of urbanisation worldwide. There is a growing need to evaluate mitigation measures such as green Nature-Based Solutions. However, most studies focus on vegetation at street level, while the role of rooftop trees remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate a simplified urban canyon where trees are placed on building rooftops, at the canyon-atmosphere interface level, which is a key area for pollutant removal mechanisms. Nine types of tree crown are analysed using highly-resolved Large-Eddy Simulations at Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The simulation without trees is successfully validated against laboratory and numerical experiments. Results show that the key parameter is the tree crown density, while other characteristics like the leaf area index play a secondary role. Overall, rooftop trees reduce horizontal velocity and increase the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the outer layer above the canyon: low-density-crown trees generate higher TKE, mimicking the presence of isolated obstacles and increasing the turbulent vertical mixing; high-density-crown trees reduce the atmospheric wind velocity, mainly acting as an extended area of momentum sink, which also reduces the wind turbulent level. Within the canyon, rooftop trees have a limited effect on the overall dynamics and the pollutant concentration distribution. Hence, unlike street trees, rooftop trees can be used to extend urban green areas and shade streets without hampering the dispersion of pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on shading effects on the wind-thermal environment of a 1:15 scaled building complex in autumn in Zhengzhou, China","authors":"Qianru Chen ,&nbsp;Zhengrong Li ,&nbsp;Yongheng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wind-thermal environment within a building complex is closely related to meteorological parameters, building complex morphology design and building complex surface temperature. Most existing studies ignored the shading effect between buildings, leading to significant differences in surface temperature and turbulence characteristics between building complexes and isolated buildings. Therefore, in this study, a 4 × 4 scaled building complex (scale 1:15) was constructed in Zhengzhou, China. Statistical analysis was employed to examine the impact of meteorological factors and building morphology on the wind-thermal environment. The results show that after airflow travels 6.7 m along the ventilation corridor, the power spectral density (PSD) drops from 193.622 to 107.910 m²·s⁻²·Hz⁻¹, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decreases from 0.170 to 0.115 m²/s². PSD in the wake area is 76.93 % lower than in the corridor. Turbulence intensity (TI) is substantially higher than values typically observed in open and unobstructed areas. Except for the incoming air temperature, building surface temperature, which is influenced by solar radiation and surface thermal properties, is the main factor affecting air temperature within the building complex. Incoming wind speed has a relatively weak influence. Non-uniformity analysis shows that surface temperature variance is highest on the south side (1.88 °C²), followed by the ground (0.86 °C²), west (0.57 °C²), east (0.46 °C²), and north (0.19 °C²). A hierarchical strategy treats surfaces with higher temperature variance as non-uniform. This study not only reveals the impact of building morphology on the wind-thermal environment under the shading effect, but also provides valuable experimental data for further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of metro and low-carbon city: Bibliometric analysis, metro decarbonization and research prospects","authors":"Lingxiang Wei ,&nbsp;Mingming Liu ,&nbsp;Junyuan Ji ,&nbsp;Dongjun Guo ,&nbsp;Jun Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Zuo ,&nbsp;Tian Li ,&nbsp;Lei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metro has an irreplaceable role in the construction of low-carbon cities by utilizing urban underground space to transfer surface transportation underground. However, existing research lacks systematic analysis of the metro's contribution to low-carbon cities and research on decarbonization strategies for the metro. This study conducts a literature review on the research field of metro and low-carbon city, with the research focus lying in analyzing the current research field of metro and low-carbon city through bibliometrics. First, this study visualizes and analyzes publications in the research field of metro and low-carbon city from 1985 to 2024 through bibliometrics. Then based on the review study of this field, the contribution of metro decarbonization to low-carbon cities is explored from three aspects: carbon source reduction in low-carbon cities, ecological carbon sinks in low-carbon cities, and zero-carbon operation of the metro itself. Finally, this study discusses the current research limitations and future research directions in the metro and low-carbon city research field. The results indicate that the metro will significantly contribute to low-carbon underground cities by concentrating surface transportation underground and conserving aboveground ecological space, while also effectively reducing CO₂ emissions through geothermal energy and the wind-photovoltaic‑hydrogen hybrid system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does pluralistic collaborative governance between governmental and social actors promote urban carbon emission reduction? Evidence from 107 cities of China","authors":"Jingru Li ,&nbsp;Qianchang Luo ,&nbsp;Yanbin Cheng ,&nbsp;Jian Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional government-dominant environmental governance must undergo a transition to a pluralistic collaborative governance. Existing studies predominantly focus on the cooperation between government and public, rarely involving other social forces together. This study aims to develop methodologies for measuring collaborative governance between governmental and multiple social actors (including public, media and environmental organization) and elucidating its structural characteristics, and investigate how these characteristics impact on carbon emissions. Multi-actor collaborative carbon reduction networks (MACCRN) were constructed for 107 Chinese cities using our proposed methods based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) and multi-source data mining. Their network characteristics were described using both new indicators and conventional SNA indexes. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal evolution of these characteristics were analyzed. Finally, the econometric model and XGBoost with SHAP value algorithm were respectively used to examine the impact mechanism of MACCRN's characteristics on carbon emissions. The main findings include that: (1) MACCRNs differed significantly in the scale and intensity across the 107 Chinese cities. (2) The MACCRNs showed an overall trend towards decentralization, enhanced cooperation intensity, greater involvement of social force, and more balanced participation of various actors. (3) Four network characteristics had significant relationships with carbon emission intensity, with network balance ranking as the top factor. (4) Reducing the network hierarchical structure by decentralization, enhancing network density by engaging more actors and fostering their collaborations, and promoting network balance by participation of various actors helped reduce carbon emission intensity. (5) Cooperative modes with relatively dominant government force or social forces both achieved a reduction in carbon emission intensity. However, unilateral dominance tended to increase carbon emissions intensity. (6) Cities with higher administrative levels consistently outperform those with lower administrative levels. These findings provide valuable reference for the formulation of pluralistic collaborative carbon reduction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102608"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking carbon reduction, pollution control, green expansion, and economic growth in urban China: The role of renewable energy policy attention","authors":"Chang Qin ,&nbsp;Feng Dong ,&nbsp;Yangfan Li ,&nbsp;Huping Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the dual challenges of economic slowdown and climate change, China has put forward the strategy of “carbon reduction, pollution control, green expansion, and economic growth (CPGE)”. In the process of achieving this goal, great expectations are placed on the development of renewable energy. We evaluate the effect of renewable energy policy attention (REPA) on CPGE, using data from urban China. We develop a comprehensive evaluation framework that considers two key aspects—economic quality and vitality, and environmental assurance and outcomes, to calculate the CPGE. Moreover, we quantify city-level REPA through a text analysis approach. We then estimate the impact of REPA on CPGE using a spatial Durbin model. The results show that: (<em>i</em>) During the sample period, both CPGE and REPA exhibit an upward trend. REPA not only fosters local CPGE but also generates positive spatial spillovers to neighboring areas. (<em>ii</em>) The environmental effect of REPA fuels this progress, while the economic effect is comparatively weaker. (<em>iii</em>) The effects of REPA are dispersed. As CPGE improves, the positive effect of REPA diminishes. Moreover, the effects are more pronounced in non-resource-based cities, cities with an advanced industrial structure, small- and medium-sized cities, and cities with a low reliance on the energy industry. Our study emphasizes the importance of economic and environmental synergy and the crucial role of REPA in promoting it. The findings provide valuable insights for economies seeking to achieve inclusive growth, particularly for developing countries that face trade-offs between economic growth and environmental governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102616"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}