Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of urban morphology on typhoon-induced wind hazards at the pedestrian level","authors":"Dahu Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoon-induced wind hazards are uncertain and extreme within urban neighborhoods at the pedestrian level. Previous studies lacked of effective assessment methods. In this study, typhoon Mui-fa (2022) event over Lujiazui Financial Center in Shanghai was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM), then the pedestrian distress indicators (Gust Factor (<em>GF</em>) and Speeding-up Efficacy (<em>SE</em>)) were calculated for describing local risks. The findings suggest that there are positive correlations between urban morphological parameters and pedestrian distress indicators, with <em>λp</em> (building area fraction) exhibiting the best correlations. This indicates that <em>λp</em> can be regarded as effective parameter for wind safety assessment. Meanwhile, the probability density functions (PDFs) of <em>GF</em> and <em>SE</em> constructing by <em>λp</em> can establish the connections between the extreme at specific probabilities and the average. With the increase of <em>λp</em>, these PDFs exhibit a slow rightward shift of the peak and a rapid broadening of the distributions. The assessment method valuable to typhoon-prone coastal cities in the field of practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical and chemical impacts of urban green areas on air pollution in a city environment","authors":"Beatrice Biagi ,&nbsp;Erika Brattich ,&nbsp;Carlo Cintolesi ,&nbsp;Francesco Barbano ,&nbsp;Silvana Di Sabatino","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) can be utilized to mitigate air pollution in cities; however, other factors associated with urban morphology and local meteorological conditions contribute to pollution concentrations. Urban dispersion models are frequently used for analysing these aspects, but they may not account for vegetation effects on pollutant dynamical and chemical processes. The present study implements a methodology to evaluate the impact of vegetation on city pollution levels. The aerodynamic effect of vegetation is introduced by modifying the surface roughness using the morphometric method. Tree emissions are modelled as point sources, considering tree characteristics and environmental conditions. The ADMS-Urban model is utilized to reproduce the variability of pollutant concentrations during summer 2023 in a selected neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy, characterized by densely vegetated areas. Results are verified by comparing the results of numerical simulations with pollutant observations measured within an ad-hoc measuring campaign, part of the I-CHANGE H2020 project. Pollutant emissions from green areas locally increase <span><math><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> concentrations up to 7.4 % during the day, generating a persistent accumulation in surrounding areas. Thus, tree emission has a significant impact on pollutant concentrations, comparable to building elements in urban morphology. This highlights the need to include vegetation emissions to accurately assess urban air quality and to minimise possible side effects of green NBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring environmental and meteorological factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions on major urbanized cities in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Tushar Ali ,&nbsp;Quazi Hamidul Bari ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming and climate change, is a significant concern for developing countries like Bangladesh due to its direct and substantial impacts on various sectors of society and the economy. This study focuses on greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH₄), ozone (O₃), and water vapor (WV) and their trend patterns across the four most industrialized cities in Bangladesh. For this purpose, twelve environmental and meteorological variables with 60 months of data (2019–2023), known to influence GHG emissions, were selected as predictors. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to assess the relationships and predictor influence on GHGs. The results reveal a consistent seasonal pattern in the GHGs identified over the observed years. The results of GAM show that population density (PD) demonstrates a robust correlation with CH₄ across all cities, yielding high linear correlations: R² = 0.93 for Dhaka, 0.85 for Khulna, and cubic R² = 0.87 for Rajshahi, all statistically significant (<em>P</em> = 0.00). Conversely, in Chittagong, municipal solid waste (MSW)/day exhibits a strong cubic correlation with CH₄ (R² = 0.95, <em>P</em> = 0.002). Moreover, O₃ and WV show proportional relationships with temperature and precipitation and also being statistically significant in all cities (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, Dhaka exhibited the highest intercept for CH₄, while Rajshahi showed the highest for O₃ and WV. Key predictors included temperature and PD for O₃; PD, MSW, and albedo for CH₄; and precipitation and PD for WV in most of the cities. In the PCA analysis, PC1 is primarily associated with climatic factors, while PC2 reflects anthropogenic and land-use factors. PCA-regression shows the modest predictive power of the model for O₃ and WV. This study provides critical city-specific insights into GHG emissions and their determinants, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and planners to formulate effective emission management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of wet nitrogen deposition and its response to COVID-19 in Danjiangkou reservoir area: A strategic water resource in China","authors":"Haoxin Jia ,&nbsp;Pan Huo ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jibao Chen ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is crucial to global nitrogen cycles, yet its spatiotemporal dynamics and sensitivity to environmental perturbations in large reservoir remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19, a significant environmental health event, on wet nitrogen deposition in Danjiangkou Reservoir, China. From 2018 to 2021, we monitored total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) at two distinct sites: Xichuan (urban) and Qushou (rural). The results revealed significant spatial and temporal variations, with Qushou (rural) exhibiting higher TN and NH₄⁺-N fluxes, reaching 19.99 kg/(hm² a) and 9.92 kg/(hm² a), respectively, likely due to intensive agricultural practices. Conversely, Xichuan (urban) recorded fluxes of 17.66 kg/(hm²·a) for TN and 7.58 kg/(hm²·a) for NH₄⁺-N. No significant regional difference was observed for NO₃⁻-N deposition. The implementation of COVID-19 lockdown led to a marked reduction in nitrogen deposition, particularly at the urban site, where TN, NO₃⁻-N, and NH₄⁺-N fluxes decreased by 29.4 %, 32 %, and 52.7 % respectively. However, a subsequent resurgence in nitrogen deposition was observed with the easing of restrictions, highlighting the challenges in sustaining environmental improvements during periods of economic recovery. These findings highlight the need for targeted nitrogen management strategies to protect water quality in reservoir areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do geometric forms of public squares affect year-round thermal comfort? A field study in a cold coastal city","authors":"Mingxuan Luo ,&nbsp;Haiquan Tang ,&nbsp;Fei Guo ,&nbsp;Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Hongchi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Dong ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Shiyu Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of geometric forms on thermal comfort in public squares in cold coastal cities. Field measurements were conducted across four representative squares during typical meteorological days throughout the year to collect climatic parameters, along with skin temperature and thermal comfort from 16 healthy university students. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as the thermal index, revealing differences in microclimatic conditions, physiological parameters, and thermal comfort. The results show that: (1) Geometric forms significantly influence microclimate and thermal comfort. Enclosure levels and sky view factor (SVF) primarily impact temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while orientation introduces seasonal variations through monsoon and maritime effects. (2) Higher enclosure levels and lower SVF are associated with higher neutral Universal Thermal Climate Index (NUTCI) values, with semi-enclosed spaces showing a broader thermal neutrality range. (3) Geometric forms affect the sensitivity of mean skin temperature (MST) to thermal changes, with lower SVF resulting in higher MST under neutral thermal sensation (TSV = 0). (4) In Dalian, the NUTCI for neutral thermal sensation ranges from 11.80 °C to 21.90 °C, while the no thermal stress range spans 5 °C to 31.80 °C. These findings provide insights for designing and renovating public squares in cold regions to improve outdoor thermal comfort and encourage outdoor activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for modelling roofs on large-scale urban drainage models focusing on incomplete data scenarios","authors":"C. Montalvo ,&nbsp;E. Sañudo ,&nbsp;L. Cea ,&nbsp;A.S. Chen ,&nbsp;J. Puertas ,&nbsp;B. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impermeable surfaces such as roofs play a key role in urban pluvial floods due to the rapid transfer of rainfall to drainage networks, contributing to system overloading. This study proposes and evaluates different modelling strategies within large-scale urban drainage models, exploring simplified approaches for roof geometry and roof-to-manhole connections. The results indicate that, regardless of the methodology used to estimate roof width, the differences become negligible if the discharge point is distant. Additionally, for a contributing area of roofs discharging upstream to a manhole, the method of roof-to-manhole connection does not have a significant influence, which demonstrates the potential of these strategies to streamline the modelling process without compromising the reliability of the simulations. The findings highlight the feasibility of applying these modelling strategies in situations where data completeness is not feasible, offering a balanced solution between model complexity and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term variation of O3 in the Yangtze River Delta and its influencing factors from a regional perspective","authors":"Qiuyue Bao ,&nbsp;Weili Lin ,&nbsp;Junli Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Xu ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianli Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To tackle regional O₃ pollution, understanding long-term trends and drivers of background O₃ is crucial. This comprehensive study analyzed O₃ data from the Lin'an regional atmospheric background station (LAN) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), utilizing the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method to discern trends and the Random Forest (RF) model to evaluate anthropogenic and meteorological impacts, while also employing the satellite-based HCHO/NO₂ column ratio (FNR) as a proxy to assess O₃ production sensitivity. EEMD effectively filtered out high-frequency signals, revealing a significant decreasing trend of −0.7 ppb/decade (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in O₃ mixing ratios from 2005 to 2022. In contrast, direct analysis of the raw O₃ data showed an insignificant increase of 0.4 ± 0.9 ppb/decade (<em>p</em> = 0.67), highlighting the importance of data preprocessing methods in assessing long-term trends. Meteorological normalization using the RF model, anthropogenic emissions drove a slight O₃ rise (1.7 ppb/decade), partly offset by meteorology. Using the FNR, a noticeable shift in O₃ photochemical production sensitivity from VOCs-limited to transitional regime was observed since 2014, potentially attributed to decreased NO_<em>x</em> emissions. Effective regional O₃ pollution mitigation in the YRD demands a comprehensive strategy, focusing on concurrent reductions in NO_<em>x</em> and VOCs emissions, with emphasis on efficient VOCs control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102353"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lawn and irrigation cooling from ground longwave radiation reduction: Understanding the climate-driven variability in cooling performance","authors":"Boze Huang ,&nbsp;Bao-Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lawn is an important ecological strategy for cooling, while providing space for recreation and activities. However, research on the cooling benefits of lawns is limited, particularly regarding the role of irrigation. This study addresses these gaps by assessing the cooling performance of lawns in Changzhou, China, and quantifying the influence of irrigation on microclimatic parameters. The results show that lawns exhibited significantly lower mean pedestrian-level PET than asphalt surfaces (−1.16 °C, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with the cooling effect being more pronounced at night (−1.99 °C, p &lt; 0.001) due to reduced upward longwave radiation (<em>L</em>↑) at the ground level. A significant PET reduction was detected within 37 min after irrigation in the morning (1.74 °C, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while the cooling effect of irrigation in the afternoon was not statistically significant. Further analysis of microclimatic parameters revealed that pedestrian-level thermal comfort improvement was mainly through reducing ground-level <em>L</em>↑ rather than reducing pedestrian-level air temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>a</em>). Strong solar radiation in the afternoon weakened the contribution of <em>L</em>↑ to PET reduction. These findings underscore the pivotal role of ground-level <em>L</em>↑ reduction in lawn and irrigation cooling, and the variability in cooling performance under different climate conditions. The study provides insights into lawn design and management to regulate thermal environments in cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-benefits of carbon and pollutant emission reduction in urban transport: Sustainable pathways and economic efficiency","authors":"Dawei Weng,&nbsp;Huangfan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Wen,&nbsp;Xisheng Hu,&nbsp;Lanyi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for urban passenger transportation, driven by economic growth and urbanization, has led to substantial emissions of CO₂ and other pollutants. Although significant attention has been given to CO₂ reduction, the simultaneous emission of pollutants from similar sources and the benefits of their reduction emissions strategies, both in terms of emissions and economic outcomes, remain underexplored. To address the above concerns, this study has developed an urban passenger transportation emissions system dynamics (UPTE-SD) model, to analyze the economic benefits, emission trends, and synergistic effects of CO₂ and pollutant reduction under different scenarios. The results show that: (1) Economic Benefits: CO₂ reduction is the primary driver of economic benefits. Among single scenarios, the Transportation structure optimization policy (TSO) scenario performs best, yielding total economic benefits of 9.11 billion RMB. In combined scenarios, the TSO + technological progress policy (TP), promotion of new energy vehicle policy (PNEV) + TSO + TP, and PNEV + TSO + road green space priority development policy (RPD) + TP (composite scenario) exhibit the highest economic benefits, reaching 13.62 billion RMB, 17.04 billion RMB, and 18.44 billion RMB, respectively; (2) CO₂ and Pollutant Reduction: For CO₂ reduction, TSO is most effective in single scenarios (23.89 %), followed by TSO + TP (36.33 %), PNEV+TSO + TP (41.56 %), and PNEV+TSO + RPD + TP (44.45 %) in combined scenarios. For pollutant reduction, PNEV performs best in single scenarios (29.67 %), followed by PNEV+TSO (38.49 %), PNEV+TSO + RPD (46.38 %), and PNEV+TSO + RPD + TP (49.29 %) in combined scenarios; (3) Synergistic Emission Reduction: In terms of synergistic emission reduction, the best-performing scenarios are RPD in single scenarios, RPD + TP, PNEV+TSO + TP, and PNEV+TSO + RPD + TP in combined scenarios among the recent years. The corresponding synergistic reduction coefficients are as follows: RPD (1.05), RPD + TP (0.99), PNEV+TSO + TP (0.97), and PNEV+TSO + RPD + TP (1.13).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic mobile charging station for green infrastructure: A data-driven case study","authors":"Ömer Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, it is aimed to establish photovoltaic-based charging stations for electric micro mobility vehicles (EMMCS). A data-driven optimization approach is presented for the design and site selection solution of EMMCS. This approach consists of a three-step solution methodology. <em>First</em>, 18 criteria affecting the site selection of micro mobility vehicles were determined. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the priority values of these criteria, and a new formulation was created by analysing them with six different machine-learning algorithms to increase consistency. <em>Secondly</em>, spatial analyses were conducted via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify the most suitable areas for EMMCS, and a suitability map was obtained. <em>Thirdly</em>, the station assignment process analysis was carried out with Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP). It was recommended to establish 75 stations. The sample design of EMMCS was made based on photovoltaic (PV), and the Alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI) approach was adopted to assess the performance of the alternatives. It is observed that EMMCS-8, 9, 31, and 25 have the highest construction priority. All these processes were implemented as a case study and four distinct service classes were defined based on the real-world scenario. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in which both the site selection and siting problems of PV-based stations are solved together.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}