Urban Climate最新文献_第2页

Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration modeling for urban green spaces: A case study in Vienna 基于遥感的城市绿地蒸散模型：维也纳案例研究

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192

{"title":"Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration modeling for urban green spaces: A case study in Vienna","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) play a critical role in enhancing urban livability, moderating microclimates, and supporting ecological balance. This study models actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in Vienna's UGS using high-resolution climate data and Sentinel-2 imagery. The primary objective is to adapt crop coefficients (Kc) for urban environments and provide a comprehensive understanding of UGS water dynamics, essential for sustainable urban planning and water management. By integrating satellite imagery with detailed climate data, this research adapts Kc values and measures ETa, incorporating the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to account for water availability. The study reveals significant variations in ETa rates influenced by vegetation type and seasonal changes, demonstrating the importance of considering water availability in ETa modeling. This research offers a robust framework for assessing and managing water dynamics in UGS, combining meteorological data with remote sensing methodology. The developed approach is straightforward and adaptable, allowing for replication in other cities and facilitating retrospective analyses. This insight is valuable for evaluating the impact of urban planning measures on water dynamics and highlights the potential of remote sensing technologies in delivering reliable ETa estimates crucial for the ecological resilience of urban vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity analysis of building material, ground material, and tree parameters in microclimate simulations 小气候模拟中建筑材料、地面材料和树木参数的敏感性分析

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102184

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of building material, ground material, and tree parameters in microclimate simulations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding urban microclimates is crucial amid rapid urbanization and climate change. Studying these microclimates through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations allows researchers to analyze various urban design scenarios. However, setting up building, ground material, and tree parameters in simulations is essential yet challenging. This study investigates the impact of these three parameter categories using sensitivity analysis to understand their influence on microclimate simulation outputs.</div><div>We validated ENVI-met's simulation results by comparing them with monitoring data from two sites in Taipei City and analyzed the sensitivity results using box plots with pair-wise comparisons. The findings show that wall reflectivity, ground albedo, leaf area density, and soil moisture significantly impact air and mean radiant temperatures. Soil moisture has the most pronounced effect on air temperature, while reflectivity and albedo significantly affect mean radiant temperature. Additionally, the interactions between parameters require more attention as they complexly affect the simulation outputs.</div><div>Addressing these factors can enhance the accuracy of microclimate simulations, leading to better-informed urban design decisions. This study highlights these critical factors and provides insights for improving urban microclimate simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SUHI evolution characteristics and influencing mechanism of eight furnace cities in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, China 中国长江中下游八个炉城的 SUHI 演变特征及影响机制

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102182

{"title":"SUHI evolution characteristics and influencing mechanism of eight furnace cities in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect poses severe challenges to urban sustainable development and urban livability. Current studies lack the analysis of heat island effect from the perspective of new and old furnace cities. In this study, spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing mechanisms of heat islands were investigated in eight furnace cities in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River from 2010 to 2020. DBSCAN was proven effective in exploring the number and location of heat island cores. Besides, MGWR model was utilized to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of dominant factors. The results indicate that: (1) The area of heat islands showed an increasing trend. The increase rate in new furnace cities was faster than that in the old. (2) The heat island patches had gradually gathered. The heat island cores of eight furnace cities showed three types of growing, stabilizing, and decreasing. (3) The expansion type of heat islands was mainly edge expansion. The transformation of farmland into built-up land made the most significant contribution. (4) Impervious surface area, gross domestic product, and population density were the top three factors intensifying the SUHI effect. The results can provide a scientific basis for formulating reasonable urban heat island mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An assessment of the relationship between micro-mobility use and air quality in selected cities 选定城市微型交通使用与空气质量之间关系的评估

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102180

{"title":"An assessment of the relationship between micro-mobility use and air quality in selected cities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution causes serious health problems and environmental impacts in many countries around the world. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the micro-mobility usage frequency and air pollution in cities. In order to reveal this relationship, the micro-mobility usage frequency and air quality index values of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants for 6 different cities with similar population from different parts of the world were used. According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, a correlation coefficient of −0.961 and − 0.917 was obtained between the micro-mobility usage frequency and the air quality index of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. This result shows that the micro-mobility usage frequency affects the air quality with a very strong relationship. Cities with high micro-mobility use, such as Singapore and Philadelphia, have less air pollution, while cities with low micro-mobility use, such as Ankara and Milano, have more air pollution. It is believed that the results obtained from the study provide important ideas for policy makers and transportation planners to design cities with sustainable transportation infrastructure. By increasing investment in the use of micro-mobility vehicles in cities and encouraging people to use this type of transportation, air pollution can be significantly reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing new morphometric parameters to improve urban canopy air flow modeling: A CFD to machine-learning study in real urban environments 引入新的形态参数以改进城市树冠气流模型：在真实城市环境中从 CFD 到机器学习的研究

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102173

引用次数: 0

Mapping CO2 traffic emissions within local climate zones in Helsinki 绘制赫尔辛基地方气候区内的二氧化碳交通排放图

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102171

{"title":"Mapping CO2 traffic emissions within local climate zones in Helsinki","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic is one of the major emitters of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to the atmosphere. Besides detailed carbon emission calculations, methods to upscale the emissions are needed, particularly in areas where good-quality data to calculate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are lacking. To support this need, this study aims to quantify traffic-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions within Local Climate Zones (LCZs) in Helsinki, Finland, and build a regression-based look-up table for the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. To build the model, we use CO<sub>2</sub> emission data together with the variables, namely building surface area, asphalt surface area, population, traffic light, and road type. The median CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the built LCZs are 1.8 times higher than those from land cover LCZs. The original classification of the LCZ framework is insufficient to describe traffic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The most critical variables in describing traffic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are road type and asphalt area. We then build a generalized model applicable across LCZs, which can describe on average 55 % of the emissions. Based on the model, we introduce a look-up table for LCZ-specific traffic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This look-up table offers a practical solution for locations with limited resources to estimate traffic emissions. Crucially, this approach circumvents the need for traffic data, and minimizes computational resource requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of PM2.5-bound water-soluble inorganic ions generated during cooking 烹饪过程中产生的与 PM2.5 结合的水溶性无机离子的特征

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102181

{"title":"Characteristics of PM2.5-bound water-soluble inorganic ions generated during cooking","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial cooking is an important source of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, which adversely affects air quality, posing threats to human health. However, few studies have examined the effects of commercial cooking on outdoor air quality. We aimed to analyze characteristics of outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ions from commercial cooking during cooking and non-cooking times in a popular restaurant area at Nankai University. The acidity and alkalinity of atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> based on the equivalent values of anions and cations and the formed compounds based on the ion concentrations and correlations between them were determined. The results showed that the mean PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration at the snack street during cooking times was 120.39 ± 58.52 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, approximately 1.4 times higher than at the comparison point. The total concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions accounted for approximately half of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions at both sampling points. High concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> were found at both sampling points. We found that NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, CaSO<sub>4</sub>, and CaCl<sub>2</sub> formed at the snack street, whereas Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> formed at the comparison point. Based on our analysis of the acid-base balance slopes, the atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> was alkaline. These results elucidate the characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound water-soluble inorganic ions formed during cooking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of urban morphology on thermal environment under extreme heat: A case study in Nanjing, China 极端高温下城市形态对热环境的影响：中国南京案例研究

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102178

{"title":"The impact of urban morphology on thermal environment under extreme heat: A case study in Nanjing, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diverse urban morphology leads to different microclimates within urban areas. However, little is known about the relationship between different urban morphology types and their impact during extreme heat events, particularly in humid subtropical climates. To address this gap, we analyzed six types of blocks in Nanjing, China, distinguished by three building heights and two street orientations, to understand their differential impacts on the thermal environment under extreme heat conditions. Meteorological observations were carried out through a combination of on-site measurements and numerical modeling, with the analysis being based on the simulated data. The results showed that: (1) Blocks with a Northeast to Southwest (NE-SW) orientation offer more effective cooling compared to a North to South (N-S) orientation. (2) The Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) categorized as ‘Very Hot’ (above 41 °C) was consistently lower on N-S oriented blocks than on NE-SW oriented blocks throughout the day, with this difference diminishing as building height increased. (3) The worst thermal comfort conditions were observed on NE-SW oriented blocks with low-rise buildings, where the ‘Very Hot’ level accounted for 63 % of the time between 10:00 and 19:00. In contrast, the proportion dropped to 42.7 % for middle-rise N-S oriented blocks, indicating better thermal comfort. Our findings provide new insights for urban planners and policymakers, suggesting that thoughtful urban morphology planning can contribute to the development of healthier and more environmentally friendly cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The associations of cold spells with human mortality in Shanghai, China 中国上海寒流与人类死亡率的关系

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102175

{"title":"The associations of cold spells with human mortality in Shanghai, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current studies of climate change impacts on human health primarily focus on extreme heat. It is equally imperative to understand the substantial effects of extreme cold on human well-being. We defined 15 distinct cold spells based on various temperature percentiles and durations observed in Shanghai between 2016 and 2020. To estimate the association between cold spells and human mortality, we employed a quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed non-linear model (DLNM). We quantified the mortality burden attributed to cold spells. Our observations showed that the relative risks of cold spells on mortality varied depending on cold spell definitions and sub-population groups. People were more susceptible to cold spells that spanned at least two consecutive days with a daily mean temperature falling below the 5th percentile of temperature records. The prolonged lag effect of cold spells on mortality lasted for two weeks. Cold spells positively associated with total non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular disease. Sub-population groups, including females, the elderly, and individuals with low education, exhibited heightened vulnerability to cold spells compared to their respective counterparts. Our findings are expected to provide guidance for the development of an early warning system aimed at mitigating the adverse impacts of cold spells on human mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring synergy/trade-offs of urban green infrastructure strategies of Taipei - a systemic approach 探索台北市城市绿色基础设施战略的协同/权衡 - 一种系统方法

IF 6 2区工程技术

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102170

{"title":"Exploring synergy/trade-offs of urban green infrastructure strategies of Taipei - a systemic approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergy/trade-offs between strategies of mitigating and adapting to climate change have been highlighted by the IPCC assessment reports. Despite awareness of green infrastructure (GI) for mitigating and adapting to climate change, attempts to use a systems approach for assessing their synergies and trade-offs remains limited. This study developed an ecological–economic model of the Taipei Metropolitan area. Changes of effects on climate change adaptation and mitigation provided by GI are simulated for assessing the overall climate change impacts of different GI strategies. We established a framework to analyze the temporal variation of the climate benefits of GI concerning the changes in carbon storage, accumulated runoff, and carbon dioxide emissions due to land use change. The results show that almost all GI strategies have synergies with mitigating and adapting to climate change. Implementing urban growth management strategies to preserve the integrity of GI is the most effective way to maximize synergies in a developing city. Although GI strategies can create synergistic effect, internal trade-offs can also emerge alongside synergies. Using a systems approach to simulate alternative climate strategies allows for joint consideration of mitigation and adaptation and to enhance synergies and eliminate trade-offs of urban climate policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0