Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"Effects of pavement watering on the thermal environment above an impermeable pavement in a hot and humid area","authors":"Qiong Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Lu ,&nbsp;Peijie Tang ,&nbsp;Zining Qiu ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Qinglin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pavement watering is an effective evaporative cooling strategy for alleviating the heat of pavements, but its effectiveness on impermeable pavements in hot and humid areas needs to be verified. This study both qualitatively and quantitatively investigated the effect of pavement watering on the thermal environment above an impermeable pavement in Guangzhou. The results showed that pavement watering reduced the upward shortwave and longwave radiation, resulting in an increase in net radiation that could be offset by the latent heat (<em>Q</em>_<em>E</em>) of water evaporation, thereby reducing the surface temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>s</em>), sensible heat and heat storage of the pavement. The reduction in <em>T</em>_<em>s</em> was a significant factor contributing to the improvement of thermal environment parameters. High humidity levels are not favorable for the reduction in <em>T</em>_<em>s</em> and evaporative cooling in hot and humid regions. However, the exponential function between <em>Q</em>_<em>E</em> and relative humidity (<em>RH</em>) indicated when <em>RH</em> approached 100 %, the <em>Q</em>_<em>E</em> value could converge to approximately 178 W/m². Bowen ratio revealed that the pavement was able to imitate a highly evaporative environment by pavement watering. Furthermore, the biometeorological indices in hot and humid area were moderated by the synergistic effect of reduced <em>T</em>_<em>s</em> and increased wind speed, which was benefit from evaporative cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale impacts of urban nature on land surface temperature over two decades in a city with cloudy and foggy climates","authors":"Yuxin Cao ,&nbsp;Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Hongtai Yang ,&nbsp;Linchuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization intensifies the urban heat island (UHI) effect and increases the frequency of extreme heat events, posing significant risks to urban environments and residents' well-being. While previous research has demonstrated that urban nature, particularly urban green spaces (UGS) and urban blue spaces (UBS), helps mitigate UHI, there is still a limited understanding of the spatiotemporal relationships between urban nature and land surface temperature (LST, an indicator of UHI) in cities with cloudy and foggy climates over many decades. This study leverages remote sensing data and applies the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to analyze the multiscale impacts of urban nature on LST in Chengdu, China, from 2000 to 2020. Our results show a consistent rise in LST levels over this period, alongside a reduction in UGS in both the city center and its surrounding areas. Additionally, urban nature consistently mitigates UHI at local scales over time. The mean coefficients of UGS were − 0.33, −0.28, −0.25, and ‐0.37 across four periods, while those of UBS were − 0.26, −0.30, −0.28, and − 0.21. These findings provide valuable insights into the multiscale role of urban nature in mitigating UHI, offering evidence to support policymakers in developing nature-based solutions to enhance thermal comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and cooling effect analysis of urban ventilation corridors in coastal hilly cities: A case study of Shenzhen","authors":"Qijin Guo,&nbsp;Yaoyu Lin,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban ventilation corridors (UVCs) play a key role in promoting cold air circulation and mitigating the urban heat island effect. This study explores methods to identify UVCs in coastal hilly cities and assess their cooling effects, using Shenzhen as a case study. Based on prevailing wind direction variations, the study area was divided into 14 local ventilation zones. The inverse of the current values derived from the circuit-based approach was classified into 5 levels and used as cost parameters in the least-cost path analysis to identify UVCs. Their cooling effects were evaluated by comparing land surface temperature differences between corridors and surrounding areas. The results show that: (1) The circuit-based current exhibits a stronger correlation with CFD-simulated wind speed (<em>R</em> = 0.756) compared to frontal area density (<em>R</em> = −0.530); (2) UVC cooling effects vary by corridor type and diurnal cycle; (3) during the day, distance from the coastline and mountains enhances cooling in some UVC types, while at night, the opposite trend is observed. This study establishes a framework for UVC identification in coastal hilly cities and deepens understanding of their cooling mechanisms, providing scientific support for urban climate planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of urban morphology in a city with a tropical continental climate in the context of heat islands","authors":"Diana Carolina Jesus de Paula ,&nbsp;Marcos De Oliveira Valin Jr. ,&nbsp;Flavia Maria De Moura Santos ,&nbsp;Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais ,&nbsp;Thiago Meirelles Ventura ,&nbsp;Natallia Sanches Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the relevance of considering climate change in urban centers, especially in tropical cities affected by extreme events such as heat waves and droughts, such as Cuiabá-MT-Brazil, the aim of this research was to simulate future UHI scenarios and assess the impact of possible changes in urban morphology on micro-scale warming. The results showed that, in terms of microclimate, during the period from 2011 to 2020, urban areas with an urban canyon configuration are those that favor the intensification of the heat island more expressively in the hot-dry period. On the other hand, regions characterized by low-rise buildings in a compact arrangement expressed a cooling island during the winter, spring and summer, ranging from −0.013 °C to −0.53 °C. In addition, the regions identified as having dense tree vegetation stand out as true oases, as they have milder temperatures in all seasons throughout the period studied. As far as the prognosis is concerned, the worst UHI scenarios are observed in the probable transformation of dense tree vegetation into built-up areas, with up to 2.25 °C in winter, up to 1.80 °C in spring and up to 0.95 °C in summer. Estimated and equally relevant changes are observed when switching from low-rise typologies to high SVF and low H/W urban canyon typologies (LCZ2 and 5) and low SVF and high H/W urban canyons (LCZ 4), causing local warming in fall of up to 2.77 °C, winter of up to 1.88 °C, spring of up to 1.37 °C and summer of up to 1 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrotechnic impact of Diwali 2023 on black carbon and aerosol levels in Taj City, India: Relative endangerments and meteorological influences","authors":"Vaishnav Bartaria ,&nbsp;Ashok Jangid ,&nbsp;Ranjit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black carbon (BC) is a potent climate forcer that has severe effects on air quality and human health. This study investigates black carbon dynamics during Diwali 2023 in Agra, a city in the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin. Using an integrated approach that includes AE-33 Aethalometer, Air Q+ model, HYSPLIT back trajectory models, and FESEM-EDX analysis, the study monitors BC concentrations, health risks, pollution sources, and morphological and elemental changes. During Diwali, BC levels surged from 15.6 to 31.7 μg m⁻³, with PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 concentrations peaking at 496, 461, and 341 μg m⁻³, respectively, due to fireworks and vehicular emissions. Elemental analysis highlighted increased magnesium, potassium, barium, and sulfur levels, linked to pyrotechnics and combustion processes. One-way ANOVA revealed wind speed and direction significantly affect BC dispersion. Post-Diwali aerosol particles showed crystalline formations linked to sulfuric acid and sulfate aerosols. Health implications are severe, with 84.22 % of effects attributed to BC and an Attributable Relative Risk (ARR) of 819.97. The study calls for stricter regulations on firework use, addressing transboundary pollution, and enhanced public awareness to mitigate BC's harmful health and environmental impacts during Diwali.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The independent and joint effects of meteorological factors on influenza: A nationwide time series study in China","authors":"Mengen Guo ,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Hu ,&nbsp;Aga Zheng ,&nbsp;Guanhao He ,&nbsp;Xiaokun Yang ,&nbsp;Hongting Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Fengrui Jing ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Lin ,&nbsp;Yanping Zhang ,&nbsp;Maigen Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenjun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although many studies have examined the effects of temperature or humidity on influenza, few studies investigated other meteorological factors, let alone their joint effects. This study aimed to investigate the joint effects of meteorological factors on influenza in China and identified main factors contributing to the joint effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Influenza cases data during 2015–2019 in 324 prefectures of China were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Meteorological data were obtained from the Land-ERA5 dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We adopted a two-stage analysis strategy. In the first stage, distributed hysteresis nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to study the exposure response relationship between temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure and influenza, and in the second stage, meta-analysis was used to obtain the exposure response relationship at the national level. Then, a quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model was employed to assess the joint effects of mixture exposure to the four meteorological factors on influenza.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 5,093,710 influenza cases included in the study. There were U-shaped relationships between temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and influenza, while wind speed showed a negative effect on influenza. It was also a U-shaped association of mixture exposure to all the four meteorological factors with influenza. The highest risk was observed at the fourth quantile of the mixture exposure (RR 1.21; 95 % CI[1.11–1.32]) in total population, and temperature was the most important contributor (54.15 %) to the joint effect, followed by atmospheric pressure (24.46 %), wind speed (16.52 %) and relative humidity (4.87 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found that mixture exposure to meteorological factors associated with influenza, and temperature contributed most to the combined effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating urban heat stress through green infrastructure: A climate service approach","authors":"Gabriel Yoshikazu Oukawa ,&nbsp;Patricia Krecl ,&nbsp;Admir Créso Targino ,&nbsp;Patrícia Carneiro Lobo Faria ,&nbsp;Ligia Flávia Antunes Batista","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global urban population grows, city dwellers are increasingly exposed to outdoor thermal conditions that threaten their well-being in a warming climate. In this study, we characterized the heat stress and addressed its mitigation from a climate service perspective using a mid-sized city as case study. We simulated mean radiant temperature to assess the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) at fine spatial (2 m) and temporal (1 hr) resolutions for winter and summer. Thermal conditions were evaluated for different age groups across key Local Climate Zones, and the benefits of increased green infrastructure were examined across four scenarios. To achieve this, we proposed a comprehensive framework that incorporates an algorithm to enhance tree cover. This algorithm optimizes urban spaces by replacing smaller trees with larger specimens, coupled with planting new, larger trees. Together, these components form a customized tool that climate service users can leverage. The city center, home to the largest elderly population, featured highest heat exposure, with the greatest number of hours under strong and very strong heat stress. Increasing tree canopy cover by more than two-fold reduced the UTCI by up to 2.1 °C on average, and as much as 3.1 °C during the hottest hours of the day. These findings showed that the proposed framework is well-suited for climate-sensitive applications and offers a user-friendly, cost-effective tool for cities to assess and design strategies to mitigate heat stress by increasing tree coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of convection-permitting hydroclimate modeling in urban areas across the contiguous United States","authors":"Liam Thompson ,&nbsp;Chenghao Wang ,&nbsp;Cenlin He ,&nbsp;Tzu-Shun Lin ,&nbsp;Changhai Liu ,&nbsp;Jimy Dudhia","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate representation of urban areas in weather and climate models is crucial for simulating interactions between urban surfaces and the atmospheric boundary layer, especially in high-resolution regional models that resolve deep convection. However, many continental-scale simulations use simplified urban parameterizations, raising questions about their ability to reproduce urban hydroclimate. This study evaluates CONUS404—a recent USGS-NCAR 4-km convection-permitting hydroclimate modeling dataset—in urban areas across the contiguous United States (CONUS). We assessed hourly near-surface air temperature, dewpoint, and wind speed simulations at 208 urban and 342 non-urban station locations from 2011 to 2020 using observations. Results show that CONUS404 performs better for air temperature in urban areas, with a slight mean warm bias (0.08 °C) at urban stations and a mean cold bias (−0.52 °C) at non-urban stations. Dewpoint simulations exhibit stronger dry biases at urban stations, suggesting underrepresented evapotranspiration from urban vegetation. Wind speed is generally underestimated, with average biases of −0.74 m s⁻¹ at urban and −0.35 m s⁻¹ at non-urban stations. Seasonal analyses reveal larger model errors for wintertime temperature and dewpoint that strongly depend on urban fraction. These findings highlight the limitations of the bulk urban parameterization in CONUS404, underscoring the need for enhanced urban representations to improve continental-scale hydroclimate simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban cooling and CO2 reduction potentials of mass deployment of heat pump water heaters in Tokyo","authors":"Kazuki Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Yuya Takane ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Ihara","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although countermeasures against nocturnal urban heat islands that cause health hazards are required, few measures with significant cooling potential at night are known. An air-source heat-pump water heater (HPWH) absorbs heat from the atmosphere to produce hot water and simultaneously emits a cold exhaust. The mass deployment of HPWHs is expected to contribute considerably to the improvement of urban thermal environments and mitigation of CO₂ emissions. To assess these contributions, we conducted a case study in Tokyo using an urban climate and energy model. The average peak value of summer nighttime temperature drop from HPWH reached 0.31 °C at the urban scale and exceeded 1 °C in residential areas with high hot water demand. This substantial temperature impact is attributed to stable atmospheric conditions at night. Here, urban vegetation was shown to reinforce this cooling effect by further stabilizing the nighttime atmosphere. The use of the HPWH resulted in a significant direct CO₂ reduction of 41–47 % from water-heating origin, and only a marginal indirect CO₂ increase from the space-heating origin. Given that the HPWH efficiency improves under high temperatures, the benefits of urban cooling and CO₂ reduction can be optimized by seasonally switching operation times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective street tree and grass designs to cool European neighbourhoods","authors":"Yehan Wu ,&nbsp;Bardia Mashhoodi ,&nbsp;Agnès Patuano","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street trees and grass are important elements for cooling cities, yet where and how to distribute them at the neighbourhood scale is still unclear. This study aims to identify effective street tree and grass design scenarios to maximise cooling in European neighbourhoods with temperate climate. 32 design scenarios were developed by combining urban design parameters of vegetation type, coverage, and spatial distribution in four neighbourhood typologies. The microclimate effects of these scenarios were then simulated using the ENVI-met model. To evaluate their cooling effects, three indices were applied: PET reduction, percentage change in thermal sensation class, and cooling efficiency. Results reveal that even fully covering streets with grass has a marginal thermal impact in reducing the mean Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) by up to 1.1 °C across the neighbourhood, while street trees lower PET by up to 8.7 °C. Neighbourhoods with wide radial streets have higher initial PET values and benefit more from green interventions. Strategically placing two rows of large trees on main streets is more effective for cooling than a single row on both main and secondary streets on the high-radiation side. Neighbourhood-specific practical recommendations for strategically implementing street trees and grass are provided to improve urban cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}