Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"City-scale digital twin framework for flood impact analysis: Integrating urban infrastructure and real-time data analytics","authors":"Sümeyye Kaynak ,&nbsp;Baran Kaynak ,&nbsp;Omer Mermer ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Demir","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to flooding due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Traditional mapping and decision-support tools lack the capability to integrate real-time data or analyze cascading disruptions across interconnected urban systems. Digital twins offer a promising solution by enabling real-time monitoring, simulation, and optimization of urban environments. This study presents a comprehensive city-scale digital twin framework that integrates flood forecasting, transportation networks, and critical infrastructure systems into a unified, real-time cyberinfrastructure. By leveraging data from sensors, hydrological models, and geographic information systems (GIS), the framework enables interactive, three-dimensional simulations to assess flood impacts and their cascading effects on urban mobility and infrastructure. Using Waterloo, Iowa, as a case study, we demonstrate the framework's ability to simulate flood scenarios, assess transportation disruptions, and generate actionable insights for disaster preparedness. The results highlight the framework's potential to enhance urban resilience by providing a holistic understanding of interdependent urban systems, supporting data-driven decision-making, and advancing flood risk management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of urban–rural ozone disparities and the “pollution transfer” effect in rapidly urbanizing regions","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanxin Tang ,&nbsp;Ke Zeng ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengyao Ci ,&nbsp;Ziwen Jin ,&nbsp;Min Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has intensified surface ozone (O₃) pollution, posing a serious threat to public health. This study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of urban–rural O₃ disparities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), an emblematic urbanizing region in China, by integrating ground-based observations (2015–2023) with China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) data. Using Sen's slope, the Mann-Kendall test, and random forest modeling, we identified a 24.7 % increase in annual O₃ concentrations from 89 μg/m³ in 2015 to 111 μg/m³ in 2023, with dual peaks in May and September. Average O₃ levels in urban core, suburban, and rural area were 103.50 μg/m³, 104.63 μg/m³, and 99.67 μg/m³, respectively. The Nanjing-Wuhu-Maanshan's, characterized by dense heavy industry, emerged as a prominent pollution hotspot, exhibiting an average annual growth rate of 3.67 μg/m³/yr. Urban–rural disparities revealed the largest relative O₃ increase in rural areas (92.05 %), exceeding those in urban cores (87.57 %) and suburbs (85.89 %). MDA8 O₃ variations were best explained at rural scales. Meteorological factors dominated O₃ formation in urban cores and suburbs, contributing 37.52 %–39.24 %, while industrial plants density (IPD) was identified as a key factor influencing O₃ generation. In megacities, PM_2.5 and NO₂ were the primary emission contributors of ozone concentration changes, with contributions of 18.68 % and 23.22 %, respectively. Changes in industrial emissions of NO₂ and VOCs in urban and rural areas indicated that under rapid urbanization, O₃ pollution exhibited pronounced urban-rural differences, with pollution shifting from urban cores toward suburban and rural areas. Industrial spillover and precursor emission migration jointly shaped the spatial distribution of O₃, providing a scientific basis for understanding pollution transfer mechanisms and formulating differentiated governance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition of potential sites to implement urban rainwater harvesting systems in water-stressed cities by integrating GIS and AHP tools","authors":"Edwin Alexis Fariz-Salinas,&nbsp;Jawer David Acuña-Bedoya,&nbsp;Roxana Ivonne Fonseca Rodríguez,&nbsp;Thalia Turrén-Cruz,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel López Zavala","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel methodology to identify optimal locations for Urban Rainwater Harvesting Systems (URWHS) in water-stressed cities by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research focuses on the La Silla River sub-basin in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, addressing critical challenges such as climate change, rapid urbanization, and inadequate stormwater management. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied to spatial data layers, evaluating variables including annual precipitation, catchment area, extreme rain events, slope, and urban water consumption. Expert surveys were conducted to assign weights to these parameters, identifying the annual precipitation and catchment area as the most influential criteria. Using a grid-based spatial approach, the study pinpointed high-priority zones, especially in the middle basin where the implementation of URWHS could achieve significant water savings. The potential reduction in water demand is estimated at 13,783 m³/year, nearly ten times the annual water demand required in the area. The results underscore the effectiveness of combining GIS and AHP for sustainable urban water management, offering a replicable model to mitigate water scarcity and enhance urban resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing the green metropolis: Legal institutional innovation and carbon-neutral urban transformation in China's environmental court regime","authors":"Chaoli Guo ,&nbsp;Jiaji Lv ,&nbsp;Asif Razzaq ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of environmental jurisdiction strengthening on carbon emissions through an analysis of a quasi-natural experiment involving environmental court reform that commenced in 2007 by using data from 278 cities from 2003 to 2021 and a staggered DID model. The analysis revealed the following results: The establishment of environmental courts has resulted in a notable reduction in the carbon emissions intensity of the city. This occurrence is especially common in cities characterized by significant ecological challenges, substantial financial outlays, and comparatively low degrees of judicial contentment. Environmental courts have the potential to significantly enhance the enforcement of command-and-control environmental regulations. As a result, the impact on carbon emissions relative to GDP in urban areas is realized through three primary channels: the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, enhancements in energy efficiency, and the encouragement of low-carbon green innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102604"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven investigation on PM2.5 dispersion and the relevant professional driver exposure risks induced by compound turbulence in street canyons","authors":"Jiawei Ding ,&nbsp;Dan Mei ,&nbsp;Mingwei Gao ,&nbsp;Yingmin Yan ,&nbsp;Tianhe Long ,&nbsp;Heng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional experimental methods for collecting and analyzing particulate matter (PM) concentration distribution data within street canyons face significant limitations, including the passivity of experimental conditions, coarse spatial resolution, and excessive time requirements. To overcome these issues, the data-driven approach that enables rapid flow field prediction based on finite simulation data from computational fluid dynamics has been developed. Firstly, PM_2.5 dispersion flow fields were simulated for 75 scenarios in a typical street canyon, Qingnian Road, Wuhan, China. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)<!--> <!--> was then applied to extract mode coefficients from these data, followed by Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) used to establish mappings between mode coefficients and operating parameters, enabling rapid flow field prediction. The movement of the centroid of the PM_2.5 concentration field β was defined to assess the spatial variation of PM_2.5, while a normalized parameter γ was employed to evaluate the dispersion intensity of PM_2.5. Concurrently, an exposure risk assessment model was introduced to evaluate the traffic-related PM_2.5 exposure risks for professional drivers who are chronically exposed within their working environments. The results indicated that vehicle-induced turbulence is the primary factor affecting dispersion of PM_2.5, and there is a critical vehicle speed at which the dispersion intensity increases sharply once exceeded, which provides actionable guidance for drivers to adjust driving habits and optimize ventilation strategies to reduce long-term exposure to high PM_2.5 exposure risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WUDAPT based LCZ mapping of medium-sized Indian cities located on flat terrain: Its assessment and application","authors":"Rajashree Kotharkar ,&nbsp;Shweta Deshmukh ,&nbsp;Ravindra Keskar","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local climate zone (LCZ) classification is used worldwide to study city's form and function, but its applicability is less explored in the Indian context. The study explores WUDAPT's applicability in medium-sized Indian cities on flat terrain by using LANDSAT 8 Imagery and Google Earth Pro for mapping training areas. The study uses WUDAPT framework to generate local climate zone maps of 15 medium-sized Indian cities with 75 % overall accuracy. The studied Indian cities show low rise development, dominated by LCZ 3, 6, 9. Study also identifies six subclasses. The predominant classes and subclasses share 70 % of the total built area and display high accuracy of 75 % and 66 % respectively, ensuring usability of generated maps. Indian cities show LCZ 3 in core, LCZ 6 in planned layouts and institutional zone and LCZ 9 in city periphery. Studied cities display presence of subclasses displaying transformation within city. Study shows presence of LCZ 3₇ instead of typical LCZ 7 in large population size cities due to government initiatives for urban poor and surge in informal economy. The study explores urban structure and development pattern in medium-sized Indian cities. The developed repository enables all stakeholders to make informed decision for sustainable urban growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and determinants analysis of canopy layer urban heat island in China based on both air temperature and apparent temperature","authors":"Yuanzheng Li ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Ma ,&nbsp;Tengbo Yang ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Yao ,&nbsp;Guosong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojv Ning ,&nbsp;Peng Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The canopy layer urban heat islands (CLUHIs) are closely linked to human well-being and have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, large-scale CLUHIs were insufficiently researched by sites observation, particularly from the perspective of apparent temperature. Therefore, the spatial-temporal differences of CLUHI intensities (CLUHIIs) were analyzed based on site-observed air temperature and apparent temperature. Then, the accuracies were explored for remotely sensed CLUHIIs, comparing with site-monitored CLUHIIs. Finally, fourteen associated factors were analyzed for CLUHIIs derived by site-measured air temperature and apparent temperature from four aspects, including human socio-economic activities, urban underlying surface conditions, meteorological factors and air pollution. The main findings were as follows. (1) 71.68 % of CLUHIIs were between −1.0 and 1.0 °C, while the maximum and minimum were 12.96 and − 6.47 °C, respectively. Under humid conditions, most differences exceeded 0.40 °C between CLUHIIs derived by air temperature and apparent temperature and even reached 4.95 °C. (2) The root mean square errors (RMSEs) for CLUHIIs derived by remote sensing didn't exceed 0.94 °C and 1.41 °C in Southern and Northern China, respectively. (3) Two types of CLUHIIs presented clear and regular relationships with fourteen factors, featuring varying positive or negative characteristics and intensities, involving three socioeconomic factors, two urban underlying surface conditions, six meteorological conditions, and three air pollutions. This study can provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the construction of climate-adaptive, livable, low-carbon and sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified PML model considering anthropogenic heat to estimate urban evapotranspiration","authors":"Xinrong Shi ,&nbsp;Dunxian She ,&nbsp;Jun Xia ,&nbsp;Yongyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ronglin Tang ,&nbsp;Dongdong Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is the key variable in urban water cycling, and its accurate estimation is important for the efficient urban water resource management. One of the limitations for achieving long-term high accuracy urban ET modeling lies in the inadequate incorporation of anthropogenic factors. In this study, we modify the Penman-Monteith-Leuning (PML) model by incorporating physical properties of urban areas and human activities, named as PML-urban model, to improve the ET estimation accuracy especially in urban regions. The major modifications include the incorporation of underlying surface properties (the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (<em>f</em>) and leaf conductance (<em>g</em>_<em>sx</em>)) into the ET's calculation, and the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) retrieved from night light remote sensing data in the energy balance. The case study in two eddy covariance (EC) towers demonstrates that the PML-urban model outperforms PML model in urban ET estimation compared with the ET observations, with <em>RMSE</em>, <em>Rbias</em> and <em>NSE</em> changing from 1.026, 41.83 %, 0.546 to 0.654, 2.80 %, 0.631 in Tianjin and from 0.793, −22.23 %, 0.546 to 0.654, −16.65 % and 0.504 in Miyun. The consideration of AHF will induce an annual average ET increment of 25.8 mm in the central urban area of Tianjin city, while the expansion of urban impervious surfaces will lead to 230.0 mm of annual average ET reduction, and finally cause the lower annual average ET estimation by PML-urban model (406.2 mm) than the PML model (455.7 mm) during 2001–2018. The modified model in our study provides an efficient tool to give a relatively more accurate ET estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102632"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A geometry-conditioned transformer solver for predicting three-dimensional wind distribution in urban microclimate design","authors":"Houzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Jianlei Niu ,&nbsp;Ruoyu You","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable urban microclimate design requires fast and accurate assessments of urban wind environments. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have proven effective for detailed assessments, they remain computationally intensive for iterative design processes. Recently, deep learning-based methods have emerged as promising alternatives for solving parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). However, their effectiveness remains largely unexplored in real-world urban scenarios characterized by complex building geometries. In this study, we proposed the Urban Geometry-conditioned Wind Transformer (UrbanGWT), a novel deep learning model for efficient prediction of three-dimensional urban wind environment. We evaluated UrbanGWT on a dataset of real-world building layouts in Hong Kong, which is a typical high-density metropolis with complex building forms and arrangements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we benchmarked the model against several existing grid-based and geometric deep learning (GDL)-based baselines. The results showed that UrbanGWT outperformed all baselines in terms of overall accuracy, reducing the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) by 6.91 % and 6.98 %, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art deep learning model, while achieving a speedup of up to 85,125× over the traditional CFD simulations. This research highlights the potential of conducting efficient and accurate wind assessments for urban microclimate design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprints of festive emissions on PM2.5 in an urban metropolis: Carbonaceous species, metals, and aerosol acidity","authors":"Alexander Joy Panjikkaran ,&nbsp;Anirban Middey ,&nbsp;Deepanjan Majumdar","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines ambient PM_2.5 concentrations during major festivals in Kolkata, revealing levels that peaked at 246.9 μg m^-3, surpassing Indian and WHO air quality standards. High enrichments of particle-bound Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) indicated significant anthropogenic contributions, especially during festive periods. During festive days with extensive firecracker use, elemental carbon (EC) concentration was observed up to ∼111.5 μg m^-3, and secondary organic carbon (SOC) reached up to ∼45.9 μg m⁻³. During Diwali days, collected aerosol masses were consistently acidic (pH 4.4–4.8), apparently due to the presence of sulfate and nitrate from firecracker-emitted SO₂ and NOx, while higher pH values (5.82–6.4) were observed during the festive period without extensive fireworks.</div><div>The findings show that festival activities significantly raised ambient PM_2.5 levels, mainly due to fireworks during Diwali and combustion from rituals, commercial activities, and urban transport during Durga Puja. Future efforts should emphasise strict emission controls, eco-friendly celebrations, and long-term pollution monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}