International Soil and Water Conservation Research最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru","authors":"Wilmer Moncada ,&nbsp;Alex Pereda ,&nbsp;Manuel Masías ,&nbsp;Manuel Lagos ,&nbsp;Edwin Portal-Quicaña ,&nbsp;Cristhian Aldana ,&nbsp;Yesenia Saavedra ,&nbsp;Edwin Saavedra","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Andean ecosystems within microbasins serve as crucial areas for water recharge, containing both surface and subsurface moisture. However, these ecosystems are currently under threat due to overgrazing, degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The objective is to validate the subsoil moisture of bofedal estimated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in comparison to <em>in-situ</em> measurements obtained with a soil moisture meter (SMM) in the Apacheta microbasin of the Ayacucho region. The validation method involves comparing soil moisture values obtained with the SMM, with the estimated dielectric permittivity (DP) values from GPR surveys along four transects (T) in a bofedal. Reflected wave amplitude data are converted to DP values to identify water pockets (<span><math><mrow><mn>70</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>81</mn></mrow></math></span>) and saturated soil moisture (<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span>). An analysis of the determination coefficient R² and the Kappa index <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> was conducted between both groups of bofedal subsoil moisture data along the four surveyed transects at depths ranging from 0 to 24 cm that contain water and saturated moisture. T1 contains a volume of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>16</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (47.85 %), T2 has <span><math><mrow><mn>0.98</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (46.6 %), T3 lacks water (40.8 %), and T4 holds <span><math><mrow><mn>0.63</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (31.45 %). The correlation of DP data with SMM for T1 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.801</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, T2 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.949</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, T3 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.837</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> y T4 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.842</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> implies that the SMM measurements significantly explain the estimated DP. Moreover, the kappa test demonstrated good agreement reliability between both observations made with GPR and SMM, with <span><math><mrow><mi>κ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.763</mn><mo>;</mo><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>C</mi><mi>I</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.471</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>1.055</mn></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, indicating that the GPR method for measuring subsoil moisture is acceptable with an 87.5% confidence level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOTSED: A new integrated model for assessing potential hotspots of sediment sources and related sediment dynamics at watershed scale","authors":"Manuel La Licata ,&nbsp;Alberto Bosino ,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Mattia De Amicis ,&nbsp;Andrea Mandarino ,&nbsp;Andrea Terret ,&nbsp;Michael Maerker","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we introduce HOTSED, a novel, innovative GIS-based model designed for assessing potential hotspots of sediment dynamics at watershed scale. HOTSED integrates geomorphic spatial information with both structural and functional properties of connectivity. HOTSED provides a single and intuitive output that depicts the location of sediment source hotspots. Moreover, it enables the identification of “relative hazard” classes for sediment production and related effects. The general methodological framework is based on the initial elaboration of an Inventory Map (IM) of sediment-related landforms and processes, along with the implementation of a corresponding database. Subsequently, we used data stored in the IM to estimate the geomorphic Potential of Sediment Sources (PSS) through a relative scoring system. Furthermore, we computed Structural Sediment Connectivity (STC) and the Potential for Sediment Transport (PST) by combining terrain and hydrological parameters, vegetation roughness, and rainfall erosivity. Afterwards, PSS, STC, and PST components are integrated through a raster-based calculation method yielding the HOTSED model. We tested the HOTSED procedure in the upper Val d’Arda-Mignano watershed, which is a representative geomorphologically highly active Mediterranean area of the Northern Apennines (Italy). Through photointerpretation, terrain analysis, and fieldwork, we mapped sediment-related geomorphic features for a total of 4640 ha including: badlands and gullies (0.26%), rill-interrill erosion (15.03%), fluvial erosion (0.03%), landslides (70.06%), litho-structural erosional systems (0.87%), slope deposits (12.56%), and alluvial deposits (1.19%). HOTSED revealed hotspots with a very high hazard potential located near main channels or upstream of the reservoir. These areas are often linked with active landslides highly connected to the drainage system and frequently associated with other processes like bank erosion or surficial soil erosion. The model also highlighted linear hotspots corresponding to drainages flowing alongside or intersecting complex geomorphic systems such as landslides. Furthermore, HOTSED identified areas where sediments are stored in depositional landforms, exhibiting a low hazard potential, considering both low geomorphic potential and sediment connectivity. Our conceptual model is generally applicable but proves to be particularly effective in areas characterized by complex and polygenetic geomorphic systems, such as the Northern Apennines. HOTSED offers a valuable tool for watershed authorities to support sustainable watershed and reservoir management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 80-101"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind and rainfall erosion energy in large sediment generating and coarse sediment class areas of the middle Yellow river","authors":"Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Jianzhi Niu ,&nbsp;Dengxing Fan ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Yubo Miao ,&nbsp;Miao Wang ,&nbsp;Chunguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Linus Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiongwen Chen ,&nbsp;Ronny Berndtsson","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Joint action by strong winds and high-intensive rainfall leads to serious soil erosion problems in large sediment generating and coarse sediment class areas of the middle Yellow River. Investigating the variation of trend and alternating wind and rainfall energy is an important prerequisite for controlling regional sediment transport problems. We calculated the wind and rainfall erosion energies by using the aerodynamic energy and rainfall kinetic energy formulas. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Theil-Sen approach were used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation and alternation of joint erosion energy during the last 40 years (1979–2018). The results show the following. 1) Wind erosion energy increased and rainfall erosion energy decreased. However, the former is larger than the latter. 2) The dominant erosive energy varies for different seasons. Wind erosive energy dominates in spring, and rainfall erosive energy dominates in summer. 3) There is a regular wind-rainfall-wind alternation of erosive energy. The wind-rainfall energies were alternately distributed in May–July and the rainfall-wind energies were alternately distributed in September–December. Furthermore, the dominant time of rainfall erosive energy decreased when wind erosive energy increased. The results can help decision makers to develop soil erosion control strategies to reduce soil erosion when it occurs in wind and water staggered areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the declining trend in soil erodibility across China: A comparison of conventional and digital K-factor maps","authors":"Zhiyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Longxi Cao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erodibility is a measure of soil susceptibility to water erosion and serves as an essential element, also known as the K-factor, in empirical soil erosion prediction models, such as USLE, RUSLE, and CSLE. The currently available map of the K-factor for China was generated based on the conventional soil polygon linkage method and soil species survey conducted in the 1980s. For update, an investigation of 4262 samples from the soil series survey in the 2010s and a random forest regression model were used to generate a new K-factor map for China. A digital K-factor map at the 250 m spatial resolution was generated by calculating the K values from soil survey points as training data and using environmental information as predictive variables. The comparison results between the digital and conventional K-factor maps show that there has been a decreasing trend in the K-factor over recent decades. The K value decrease was mainly attributed to the update of soil survey data (the mean K value changed from 0.03193 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil species database to 0.02988 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil series) and was less influenced by the replacement of the mapping methods (the mean K value changed from 0.03197 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil polygon linkage method to 0.03193 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the random forest). This study quantified the sources of change between previous and updated national K-factor maps and demonstrated that there is a decreasing trend in K values, which is consistent with the increasing soil organic matter and improved ecological environment in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall intensity profile induced changes in surface‒subsurface flow and soil loss as influenced by surface cover type: A long-term in situ field study","authors":"Jian Duan ,&nbsp;Haijin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingyun Wang ,&nbsp;Yaojun Liu ,&nbsp;Minghao Mo ,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to global warming, changes in the rainfall intensity profile (i.e., the temporal intensity distribution within a rainfall event) increase the difficulty of accurate erosion prediction and control. Surface cover has been widely used as a critical measure to control soil erosion worldwide. However, the effects of the rainfall intensity profile (RIP) on soil erosion under different surface covers are not fully understood. In this study, long-term in situ field observations of the rain hyetograph, surface runoff coefficient (SRC), subsurface flow rate (SFR), and soil loss rate (SLR) from bare land, litter cover and grass cover were conducted over 11 consecutive years in the red soil hilly region of southern China. According to the occurrence time of the most intense rainfall, 226 erosive events were classified into four RIP patterns: advanced, intermediate, delayed, and uniform patterns. The results indicated that the advanced pattern with short duration–high intensity and the delayed pattern with long duration–high depth contributed to 73.45% of the total erosive events. For bare land, advanced events were the dominant pattern producing surface runoff and soil erosion, accounting for 57.24% and 75.17%, respectively, of the total surface runoff and erosion. The average SRC and SLR from the advanced pattern were 1.29–2.42 times and 2.52–39.78 times greater than those from the other patterns, respectively. The delayed pattern contributed to subsurface flow, and the average SFR was 1.27–2.17 times greater than that of the other patterns. Furthermore, surface cover significantly reduced surface runoff and erosion and increased subsurface flow, especially under the advanced pattern. Both surface cover measures were equally effective in controlling surface runoff and erosion, but the increase in subsurface flow caused by litter cover was 1.38–2.67 times greater than that caused by grass cover. Advanced pattern events increase the erosion risk on red soil slopes, and surface cover effectively weakens the effect of variation in the RIP pattern on soil erosion. Moreover, surface cover significantly alters the surface‒subsurface flow distribution pattern for all the RIP patterns. This study highlights the crucial importance of rain intensity profiles on water erosion and provides a basis for optimizing measures to effectively control soil and water loss under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why we should revitalize indigenous water harvesting systems: Lessons learned","authors":"Musaed Aklan ,&nbsp;Charlotte de Fraiture ,&nbsp;Laszlo G. Hayde","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is generally believed that problems surrounding water scarcity led earlier generations to develop and employ a variety of indigenous rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques. This paper is based on literature review and aims to discuss the current status and impact of these widely practiced indigenous RWH systems with references to archaeological case studies from different agro-ecological areas. Our review shows that indigenous RWH systems are declining as a result of multiple factors but chiefly groundwater use, rural-urban migration, climate change, and changes in policy. However, our review also reveals that revitalized indigenous RWH systems can play an important role in alleviating water scarcity problems and sustaining livelihoods in both dry and developing regions. While new technologies have negatively affected several indigenous RWH systems when combined with traditional knowledge they can help to modernize indigenous RWH practices to make them more resilient, efficient, and productive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors at the basin scale","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) extends across three dimensions. However, quantitative analyses of the factors influencing spatiotemporal variations of SOC in various soil depth is scarce. This study leverages legacy data from two soil surveys conducted in the Dongting Lake Basin during the 1980s and the 2010s, employing Random Forest models to generate three-dimensional SOC maps. Through correlation analysis and permutation importance, we identified the primary factors driving temporal and spatial changes of SOC. The results showed that in the 2010s, SOC storage up to a depth of 1 m in the Dongting Lake Basin was approximately 2.95 Pg, increasing at an average rate of 0.0047 Pg C per year since the 1980s. Regions with higher average SOC contents were predominantly found in the western, southern, and eastern parts of the basin, despite significant losses over the 30-year period. In contrast, the central and northern areas, which initially had lower SOC contents in the 1980s, exhibited increases by the 2010s. Soil depth was the most influential predictor of SOC patterns in both the 1980s and 2010s. Meanwhile, relief and organism factors were primarily responsible for spatial variations in SOC, with the influence of organism factors diminishing by the 2010s. The temporal variations of SOC were chiefly attributed to changes in soil conservation practices, extreme precipitation events, and grain production. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritize ecological restoration and conservation tillage practices to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather conditions and safeguard food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 885-895"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can hydraulic-energy-indices be effectively used to describe the saturated hydraulic conductivity?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>K</em>_<em>s</em>) and water retention curve (SWRC) parameters are important properties for simulating soil hydrological processes and characterizing soil conservation around the world. Therefore, <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> and SWRC are related with the soil physical quality (SPQ) and several SPQ indices can be derived from SWRC, such as the pore size distribution, relative field capacity, plant available water, drainable porosity, and soil hydraulic-energy indices (SHEI). It is well known that the soil structure can be assessed by using SHEI, but a possible physical relationship between <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> and SHEI was not examined yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> as function of SHEI for several soil textural classes. If this relationship be proved, then SHEI might be applied to improve the <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> prediction by PTF models. In this work, a data set of 395 measured SWRC's were fitted to the vG equation to obtain the SHEI to verify whether they are statistically correlated and physically dependent on <em>K</em>_<em>s</em>. The resulting parametric and non-parametric correlation results were split up according to six textural classes. The significant influence of <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> on at least one of the absolute SHEI (<em>A</em>_<em>a</em> or <em>WR</em>_<em>a</em>) was verified on the numerical scale when all textures were grouped and on numerical and <em>pF</em> scales for clayey and silty textures. <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> showed significant impact on <em>A</em>_<em>a</em> and <em>WR</em>_<em>a</em> indices in four textural classes. Furthermore, <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> had influence on the sum <em>A</em>_<em>a</em> + <em>WR</em>_<em>a</em> denoted in <em>pF</em> scale for five of the six textural classes, with a significant linear correlation in the clayey texture when log (<em>A</em>_<em>a</em> + <em>WR</em>_<em>a</em>) was applied. The significant and high correlation of <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> on the ratios <em>WR</em>_<em>a</em><em>/AWC</em> and <em>A</em>_<em>a</em><em>/φ</em>_<em>D</em> was also observed in four of the six classes, and therefore the use of these indices is recommended for the development of PTFs for <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 798-807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National variability in soil organic carbon stock predictions: Impact of bulk density pedotransfer functions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) estimation is crucial for sustaining ecosystem health and mitigating climate change impacts. This study investigated the accuracy and variability of SOCS predictions, focusing on the role of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) in estimating soil bulk density (BD). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from the Korean Rural Development Administration (RDA database), which includes 516 soil horizons, we evaluated 36 widely-used BD PTFs, well-established formulas that estimate BD by considering soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (OM), sand, gravel, silt, and clay. These PTFs demonstrated varying levels of precision, with root mean squared errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.177 to 0.377 Mg m⁻³ and coefficients of determination (R²) from 0.176 to 0.658; hence, the PTFs have been classified into excellent, moderate, and poor-performing groups for predicting BD. Further, a novel PTF based on an exponential function of SOC was developed, showing superior predictive power (R² = 0.73) compared to existing PTFs, using an independent validation dataset. Our findings reveal significant differences in SOCS predictions and observations among the PTFs, with a p-value &lt;0.05. The highest concentrations of SOCS were noted in forest soils, considerably above the national average, highlighting the importance of tailored soil management practices to enhance carbon sequestration. These findings are crucial for refining PTF precision to improve the accuracy of national SOCS estimates, supporting effective land management and climate change mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 868-884"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient transport by overland sheet flow on sites containing swine slurry","authors":"John E. Gilley","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrients in agricultural runoff may cause offsite environmental impacts. The objective of this investigation was to examine nutrient transport by overland sheet flow on sites containing swine slurry. Data examined in this study was collected during field rainfall simulation tests conducted on cropland sites in southeast Nebraska, USA. Inflow was added to the top of experimental plots in four successive increments to simulate runoff rates occurring at greater downslope distances. Runoff rates on the experimental sites ranged from 2.3 to 21.2 L min⁻¹ and maximum equivalent downslope distances varied from 5 to 108 m. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) transport rates were found to increase in a linear fashion with runoff rate. Hypothesis testing using the student’s t-test affirmed the prediction that a linear equation, calibrated for site specific conditions, can be used to relate nutrient transport rates to runoff rates. P and N transport rates were thought to be influenced by (a) the quantity of nutrients released by swine slurry at a particular runoff rate and (b) the amount of overland sheet flow available to transport the released nutrients. If nutrient transport rates can be linked to runoff rates, it may be possible to extrapolate experimental results obtained from small plots to greater downslope distances. Existing process-based models used to route overland sheet flow along hillslopes on upland areas could also be modified to include nutrient constituents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}