International Soil and Water Conservation Research最新文献

{"title":"Soil type classification using Landsat 8: A comparison between the USDA and a local system in Israel","authors":"Nicolas Francos ,&nbsp;Eden Karasik ,&nbsp;Matan Myers ,&nbsp;Eyal Ben-Dor","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) is an essential tool for understanding the complex relationship between soil and the environment. In this study, we digitized the soil map of Israel created by Ravikovitch in 1969 (that was based on a local classification system) and used Landsat 8 spectral data to predict soil classes across Israel using machine learning. We also made a similar analysis using a global USDA soil orders layer. This work is pioneering, and this is the first attempt to transfer the enormous and important work done by Ravikovitch to the digital level by combining this map with satellite observations of Landsat 8. Our study showed that the spectral-based predictions using Landsat 8 data in combination with the USDA soil orders data and machine learning techniques resulted in very accurate predictions of USDA soil orders in Israel (accuracy = 0.84) and in Cyprus (accuracy = 0.88). We also tested the transferability of the Israeli USDA soil orders model to Cyprus, a nearby country with a similar soil taxonomy, however, poor accuracies were obtained at this stage (accuracy = 0.13). The predictions on the digital map of Ravikovitch were intermediate (accuracy = 0.54) because so many classes were required to predict (24 classes). Our study highlights the importance of digitizing and updating existing soil maps, and demonstrates the potential of combining machine learning with satellite spectral data for accurate soil classification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 576-588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of freeze-thaw processes on crusting, aggregation and the interaction with erosive level winds in the Mollisol region of Northeast China","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Lili Zhou ,&nbsp;Donghao Huang ,&nbsp;Defeng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoge Shi ,&nbsp;Qing Bai ,&nbsp;Huimin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wind erosion is widely recognised as one of the causes of soil degradation, which is exacerbated by the effects of freezing and thawing, and poses a serious threat to the sustainability of agricultural production. The mechanisms of freeze-thaw effects on wind erosion in the Mollisols region have been the subject of considerable investigation from the perspective of what the impact of freeze-thaw processes have on soil aggregates. In contrast, the role of the physical crust in the mechanism of freeze-thaw effects on wind erosion remains uncertain. In this study, for disentangling the changes in environmental conditions (freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), initial soil moisture (M)) on aggregate size distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), crust formation and their properties, and the roles played by these changes in influencing the magnitude of wind erosion (W), a wind tunnel simulation experiment was used to measure the wind erosion rate of erodible soil aggregates with four diameter ranges (D). The relationship between the variations in the distribution of aggregate sizes and the properties of the crust, as well as the impact of freezing and thawing on the distribution of aggregate sizes, were examined. The findings indicated that both aggregates and crust were susceptible to damage during the freeze-thaw cycle. The MWD of the aggregates exhibited a notable alteration following the 1st freeze-thaw cycle (p &lt; 0.05). There exists a good exponential correlation between the strength of the crust and the number of freeze-thaw cycles (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; 0.70). The crust strength demonstrated a decline significantly with an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The variation tendency of crust strength tended to be flat and towards a minimum crust strength of 4.27 kPa (D&lt;sub&gt;0.5–1&lt;/sub&gt;), 2.87 kPa (D&lt;sub&gt;0.25–0.5&lt;/sub&gt;), and 2.82 kPa (D &lt;sub&gt;&lt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;) beyond 6th freeze-thaw cycles. The initial moisture content had a significant impact on the variation in aggregate sizes, with higher moisture leading to greater fluctuations in the variation percentage of aggregates breaking or aggregating. The percentage of de-aggregation (disintegration of soil aggregates) varied from 12.68% to 20.64%, while the percentage of re-aggregation (recombination of soil aggregates) varied from 0.84% to 10.78%. When the moisture content of the soil was greater than or equal to 12%, a physical crust formed on the surface of the constructed soil samples, with an approximate thickness of 1 mm. When D ≥ 0.25 mm, the freezing-thawing effect was the primary cause of aggregate breakage, resulting in a reduction in MWD. When D &lt; 0.25 mm, the primary phenomenon was aggregation, which resulted in an increase in MWD. When D &lt; 1 mm, the formation of a physical crust on the constructed soil sample surface was facilitated. De-aggregation of aggregates increased the wind erosion rate by an average of 12.31% (M&lt;sub&gt;4%&lt;/sub&gt;), 12.21% (M&lt;sub&gt;8%&lt;/sub&gt;), 37.15","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 716-732"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of tillage practices and future climate scenarios on topsoil organic carbon stocks in Lower Austria – A modelling and long-term experiment study","authors":"Marton Toth ,&nbsp;Jess Davies ,&nbsp;John Quinton ,&nbsp;Jennifer Davies ,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp ,&nbsp;Andreas Klik ,&nbsp;Bano Mehdi-Schulz ,&nbsp;Peter Strauss ,&nbsp;Gunther Liebhard ,&nbsp;Johannes Bartmann ,&nbsp;Stefan Strohmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation agriculture, with its reduced soil disturbance and enhanced cover, has the potential to increase carbon storage in the topsoil. However, it remains unclear how various tillage practices alter topsoil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the long-term affected by climate change. This study investigates the impacts of three tillage practices, Conventional Tillage (CT), Mulch Tillage (MT), and No-Till (NT) on future SOC stocks in the topsoil (0–15 cm), considering climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and local soil erosion effects. Therefore, we calibrated and applied the integrated terrestrial C-N-P cycle model (N14CP) to a long-term study site with a cereal-maize dominant crop rotation in Lower Austria. Our calibration (1994–1995) resulted in a RMSE of 45.3 g m⁻² and a PBIAS of 9.6%, while validation (2000–2023) resulted in a RMSE of 103.8 g m⁻² and a PBIAS of 3.9%. Long-term simulations indicate that topsoil SOC stocks tend to increase under MT by +309 g m⁻² (baseline), +233 g m⁻² (RCP4.5), and +148 g m⁻² (RCP8.5), under NT by +1145 g m⁻² (baseline), +1059 g m⁻² (RCP4.5), and +961 g m⁻² (RPC8.5), but SOC stocks may decrease under CT by −209 g m⁻² (baseline), −267 g m⁻² (RCP4.5), and −332 g m⁻² (RCP8.5) by 2100. In contrast to conventional management, our tested conservation agriculture practices (MT and NT) may both serve as viable options to mitigate climate change and erosion impacts on topsoil organic carbon in comparable agro-ecological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 486-499"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of post-fire root decay-induced soil macropores on slope stability: A new method for analyzing heterogeneous slope stability","authors":"Zihan Qi ,&nbsp;Yunqi Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Yan ,&nbsp;Yue Lan ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Liqun Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil macropores are key factors affecting slope hydrological processes and stability, particularly under heavy rainfall conditions. Although wildfires can lead to the decay and death of plant roots, leaving root channels, few studies have examined temporal variation in the distribution of soil macropores or their impact on slope stability. To address this, we examined the bacterial abundance, root distribution, and macropore characteristics of burnt forest at one week and 6 and 12 months post-fire. Numerical simulation was used to analyze the effects of macropore distribution on slope stability under extreme rainfall conditions (80 mm/d × 4 d) at each time-point. Soil macropores accelerated the propagation of water pressure, potentially triggering shallow-slope instability. In the simulation, following 1 d of rainfall, slope stability was lower, by 3.55% and 8.68%, respectively, at 6 and 12 months than at one week post-fire. Following 4 d of rainfall, slope stability was better at 6 and 12 months than at one week post-fire, by 1.87% and 2.81%, respectively, owing to the drainage effect of the macropores. Even more importantly, this study proposed a method for coupling the spatial heterogeneity of soil macropores with a numerical model of slope stability. These findings help to elucidate the temporal changes in vegetated slope hydrology and stability after a wildfire and provide a reference for the numerical simulation of the stability of heterogeneous slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 702-715"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic comparison of conventional and conservation tillage in a long-term experiment: Is it worth shifting?","authors":"Balázs Madarász ,&nbsp;Éva Zsuzsanna Járási ,&nbsp;Gergely Jakab ,&nbsp;Zoltán Szalai ,&nbsp;Márta Ladányi","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is considerable knowledge regarding the environmental benefits of conservation agriculture (CA). However, long-term profitability data are limited, despite their potential to drive CA adoption. This study analyses and compares the economic indicators of conservation reduced tillage (CT) widely practiced in Central Europe with those of conventional ploughing tillage (PT). This research investigated the costs and incomes under CT and assessed the impact of CT on crop yields and profitability over a 20-year period (2004–2023). The study covered 83 ha in 10 paired plots (from year 13 onwards, 76 ha in 9 paired plots), including extreme weather conditions and 6 crops. All annual data were adjusted to 2024 price levels to maintain consistency. Piecewise linear regression was applied to the data, revealing four distinct temporal phases. On the basis of profit, periods ‘Transitional’ (years 1–3), ‘Adapted 1’ (years 4–10), ‘Steady’ (years 11–17) and ‘Adapted 2’ (years 18–20) were separated. During the transitional period, profit under CT decreased by an average of 11.9% compared with PT, but subsequent periods indicated positive results. Therefore, the shift from year 7 onwards resulted in a profit increase. Over 20 years, material costs for CT plots were 1.9% higher and operating costs were 9.8% lower compared with PT. In addition, gross income increased by 2.3%, leading to a 13.0% higher profit on CT compared with PT plots, which could encourage wider adoption of CT by farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 501-510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dealing with sub-pixel landscape elements in distributed rainfall-runoff modelling in agricultural catchments","authors":"Ine Rosier,&nbsp;Jos Van Orshoven,&nbsp;Ben Somers,&nbsp;Jan Diels","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetated landscape elements (vLEs) (e.g. hedges and grass buffers) are increasingly recognised for their ability to retain more water longer and mitigate downstream flood risk. To optimise positioning of these –typically small– vLEs, the impact of possible configurations needs quantifying, often requiring numerous hydrological model runs. To limit computational time, models must be run at lower spatial resolution leading to sub-pixel vLEs. The performance of a distributed rainfall-runoff model at 5 m resolution was assessed for 15 historical rainfall events in a 191 ha agricultural watershed in the Belgian loess belt. The model was then upscaled to 20 m resolution using four scaling approaches for saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>K</em>_<em>s</em>) and Manning's coefficient, and three methods to set the hydro-physical parameters of subpixel vLEs in the upscaled model. The high-resolution model performed best for <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> equaling 0.72 mm h⁻¹. The upscaled model performed best when applying a flow length-based scaling factor for the Manning's coefficient, decreasing the RMSE by 25% and 10% for discharge volume and peak discharge rate respectively. Adjusting <em>K</em>_<em>s</em> and Manning's coefficient of vLE pixels using upslope area-based weighting was most effective for discharge volume, achieving an RMSE of 10.80% and R² of 0.64. Peak discharge rate could not be modelled accurately with sub-pixel vLEs at 20 m resolution. Our research can support scenario analysis in which accounting for the reduction of discharge volume caused by the presence of vLEs and their spatial configurations matters and therefore can support landscape design studies in the context of flood risk mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 536-550"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on the responses of spring snowmelt erosion to driving factors in a Chinese Mollisol soil","authors":"Lun Wang ,&nbsp;Fenli Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinyue Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Liang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Wang ,&nbsp;Xihua Yang ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Dennis C. Flanagan","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snowmelt erosion, a major spring soil degradation process in the Mollisol region of China, is further exacerbated in the context of global warming. The mechanism of snowmelt erosion remains unclear due to the complex erosion process influenced by multiple factors during the melting period. In this laboratory study we examined the effects of three critical factors influencing soil erosion during thawing period: snowmelt flow rates (0.33 × 10⁻⁴, 0.67 × 10⁻⁴, and 1.32 × 10⁻⁴ m² s⁻¹), subsurface hydrologic conditions (seepage and drainage), and soil thaw depths (5 and 10 cm). The results indicated that seepage significantly aggravated sediment yield, with sediment yield increasing by 50% in comparison to the drainage treatments. Sediment yield was positively correlated with snowmelt flow rate, and as the flow rate increased from 0.33 × 10⁻⁴ to 0.67 × 10⁻⁴ m² s⁻¹, the sediment yield increased by more than 4 times, due to the enhanced runoff energy and sediment transport capacity. Path analysis confirmed that snowmelt flow rate and subsurface hydrologic condition were the dominant factors for snowmelt erosion (explaining 0.917 and 0.308 of the path coefficients, respectively) while the effects of soil thaw depth were relatively low (explaining 0.032 of the path coefficients). However, soil thaw depth had a substantial impact on rill morphology evolution; rills tended to erode horizontally toward the sidewalls at shallow thaw depths, and evolved vertically downward at deeper thaw depths. Additionally, runoff energy consumption (Δ<em>E</em>) was a suitable indicator for characterizing soil erosion on partially thawed slopes with a high Coefficient of Determination (R² &gt; 0.70). In general, this study provides a scientific basis for a comprehensive understanding of snowmelt erosion dynamics, allowing development of more strategies for mitigating soil erosion in the spring and sustaining regional productivity in the Mollisol region of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 526-535"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rainfall intensity and gravel content on hydraulic characteristics and hydraulic parameters on soil erosion of spoil heaps: Laboratory experiments with simulated rainfall","authors":"Qingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongkai Chen ,&nbsp;Xinwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhu ,&nbsp;Zimin Yin ,&nbsp;Wenbo Shang ,&nbsp;Han Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spoil heaps represent one of the most severe forms of soil degradation and serve as significant triggers for geological disasters. To investigate the hydraulic characteristics of runoff and dynamical mechanisms of erosion on spoil heaps slopes, we conducted a series of simulated rainfall experiments under varying conditions: rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90, and 120 mm h⁻¹) and gravel contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The hydraulic parameters exhibited distinct patterns under different experimental conditions. These hydraulic parameters were positively influenced by rainfall intensity, gravel content, scouring time, and the interaction of rainfall intensity and gravel content, with gravel content showing the most significant impact. Under the experimental conditions, runoff on the spoil heap slopes manifested as rapid and laminar flow. The temporal evolution of the roughness coefficient paralleled that of the resistance coefficient. Exponential relationships were observed between hydraulic parameters and rainfall intensity, while quadratic relationships emerged between hydraulic parameters and gravel content in the soil-gravel mixture. The presence of gravel significantly altered the hydraulic characteristics of the spoil heaps slopes, with a critical threshold occurring at 20–30% gravel content. The Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) and Froude number (<em>Fr</em>) demonstrated a negative logarithmic relationship (<em>R</em>² = 0.472, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient (<em>f</em>) and Manning roughness coefficient (<em>n</em>) exhibited a positive logarithmic relationship (<em>R</em>² = 0.980, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Significant exponential relationships were found between <em>f</em> and <em>Re</em>, as well as between <em>n</em> and <em>Re</em>. Furthermore, power function relationships were established between <em>Fr</em> and <em>f</em>, and between <em>Fr</em> and <em>n</em> (<em>R</em>² = 0.999 and <em>R</em>² = 0.979, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The hydraulic parameters effectively predicted soil loss through power function. <em>Fr</em>, <em>f</em>, and <em>n</em> showed significant power function relationships with runoff rate, while <em>Re</em> demonstrated a highly significant linear relationship (<em>R</em>² = 1.0). Among all parameters, <em>Re</em> exhibited the most stable relationship with both soil loss rate and runoff rate, making it the most suitable indicator for characterizing soil erosion. High gravel cover on slopes reduced the erosive effect of runoff. Under all rainfall conditions, hydraulic parameters influenced soil erosion more indirectly than directly, following the pathway: rainfall ➝ hydraulic parameters ➝ runoff ➝ soil erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 301-318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the shelter and sand control effect of new porous sand barriers from recycled wind turbine blades","authors":"Chenchen He ,&nbsp;Benli Liu ,&nbsp;Daiying Yin ,&nbsp;Minlan Li ,&nbsp;Caizhi Hu ,&nbsp;Xiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yan Duan ,&nbsp;Minghao Fang ,&nbsp;Pengtao Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aeolian disasters pose considerable threats to socioeconomic systems, ecological environments, and infrastructures such as railways and highways, in arid and semiarid regions. To reduce these problems, mechanical sand control measures are needed, with sand barriers being the most widely applied. However, conventional materials of sand barriers, such as crop straws, reeds, branches, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA), have drawbacks, including susceptibility to aging, unsuitability for extreme temperatures and severe wind erosion, as well as short service life. This study introduces new porous sand barriers made from decommissioned or damaged wind turbine blades. The results of mechanical performance testing, wind tunnel experiments, and numerical simulations indicated that the bending strength of the new sand barrier was 14 times that of wood composite materials and its erosion rate can be 56% lower. The new sand barriers with different porosities effectively reduced sediment transport, and the optimal porosity was found to be 20%; while higher or lower porosities were detrimental to sand control. The combined advantages of porous structure, flexibility, and strength of this new sand barrier make it well suited for regions with strong winds, large temperature variations, and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Utilizing decommissioned or damaged wind turbine blades as sand control materials shows great potential for application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 475-485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal(loid)s migration mechanisms during soil erosion: A systematic quantitative review","authors":"Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Pingping Fan ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Tai ,&nbsp;Nufang Fang ,&nbsp;Yong Niu ,&nbsp;Zeyan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Fu ,&nbsp;Kelin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal(loid)s migration occurs in both particulate and dissolved forms during soil erosion, but it is unclear which form is dominant and which factors affect it. Thus, a quantitative synthesis of 379 global observations was conducted to assess heavy metal(loid)s migration mechanisms and a random forest analysis was used to assess the influence of key factors on the dissolved fraction of heavy metal(loid)s. Particulate-associated heavy metal(loid)s transport accounts for over 80% of the total. Heavy metal(loid)s migration forms are not significantly affected by experimental conditions (indoor simulated and field monitored), yet they vary between erosional and depositional zones. The dissolved percentage of Pb, As and Hg within areas of erosion were higher than in areas of deposition, while the opposite trend occurred for Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni. Soil Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was the most important factor affecting the migration of heavy metal(loid)s during soil erosion. Our results confirmed that heavy metal(loid)s usually migrate in association with fine-grained sediments due to their large surface area and high surface functional groups. These findings provide scientific guidance for further understanding migration mechanisms and the methods need to control heavy metal(loid)s transport during soil erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 410-421"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}