Environmental Evidence最新文献

{"title":"Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems: a systematic review","authors":"Laura Barbero-Palacios, Isabel C. Barrio, Mariana García Criado, Ilona Kater, Matteo Petit Bon, Tiina H. M. Kolari, Ragnhild Bjørkås, Jonas Trepel, Erick Lundgren, Katrín Björnsdóttir, Bernice C. Hwang, Laura Bartra-Cabré, Mathilde Defourneaux, Jennifer Ramsay, Thomas K. Lameris, A. Joshua Leffler, Janine G. Lock, Mari S. Kuoppamaa, Jeppe A. Kristensen, Anne D. Bjorkman, Isla Myers-Smith, Nicolas Lecomte, Jan C. Axmacher, Olivier Gilg, Michael Den Herder, Emmanuel P. Pagneux, Anna Skarin, Natalia Sokolova, Torben Windirsch, Helen C. Wheeler, Emmanuel Serrano, Tarmo Virtanen, David S. Hik, Elina Kaarlejärvi, James D. M. Speed, Eeva M. Soininen","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00330-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00330-9","url":null,"abstract":"Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects th","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can linear transportation infrastructure verges constitute a habitat and/or a corridor for vascular plants in temperate ecosystems? A systematic review","authors":"Hugo Mell, Vinciane Fack, Louise Percevault, Sylvie Vanpeene, Yves Bertheau, Aurélie Coulon, Frédérique Flamerie de Lachapelle, Eric Guinard, Arzhvaël Jeusset, Eric Le Mitouard, Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, Marianne Vargac, Romain Sordello, Yorick Reyjol, Julien Touroult, Sébastien Filoche, Frédéric Hendoux","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00328-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00328-3","url":null,"abstract":"Linear transportation infrastructures (roads, railways, oil and gas pipelines, powerlines and waterways) are recognized as important contributors to the fragmentation of species habitats. On the other hand, verges of linear transportation infrastructures (road and railway embankments, strips of grass under power lines or above buried pipelines, or waterway banks) form vast networks of continuous habitats. While the loss of natural habitats still poses a significant threat to biodiversity, verges can provide habitats or corridors in anthropogenic areas, although this potential for conservation remains controversial. The current paper is the first synthesis of evidence addressing this topic for vascular plants (except strictly aquatic species) in temperate ecosystems. We asked the following question: can linear transportation infrastructure verges constitute habitats and/or corridors for vascular plants in temperate ecosystems? We conducted a systematic literature survey using two online bibliographic databases, three search engines, specialist websites, and by sending a call for literature to subject experts. We also integrated studies from a previous systematic review with an overlapping scope. We successively screened the articles for relevance on titles, abstracts and full texts using criteria detailed in an a priori protocol. We then used six specific questions to categorize the selected studies and critically assess them. These questions encompassed the potential of verges as habitats and corridors for vascular plants, and the effects of landscape and management on these potentialities. We created a database of the studies with low and medium risk of bias. We synthesized results for specific questions in narrative syntheses. Finally, studies about the habitat role of verges that met the criteria for a meta-analysis were used for quantitative syntheses. Our systematic literature survey yielded 101,524 search results. After critical appraisal, we included in our systematic review 294 articles that reported 316 studies. Most studies were conducted along road verges or waterway banks, with only a handful of studies involving powerlines, railways or pipelines. We were not able to draw conclusions on the role of verges as corridors for vascular plants as too few relevant studies were obtained. Regarding the habitat function of verges however, meta-analyses were conducted based on 205 cases from 47 primary studies that compared abundance and/or species richness in verges vs habitats away from transportation infrastructure for exotic, native or all species together. For non-highway road verges, both the abundance and richness of exotic species were higher on non-highway road verges, but we found no significant differences among species in general, or for native species specifically, which implies that alien species would often add but not subtract species. A wide variety of management practices were also represented in the evidence base. Overall, sys","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists on birds and mammals' biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) agricultural ecosystems? A systematic map protocol","authors":"Fábio Casallanovo, Gustavo Souza Santos, Ana Paola Cione","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00327-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00327-4","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil has one of the planet's greatest biodiversity, with over 20% of the world’s total species. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) spans 17 Brazilian states, making it the third-largest biome in Brazil. The BAF is composed of a range of ecological formations, with climatic conditions and landscape diversity that directly contribute to the different structures of the forest. The fragmentation of the original habitats, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, causing the decline and habitat loss for several species, including birds and mammals. While there has been extensive research on species diversity in forest fragments or protected areas, there is a lack of basic research in agricultural ecosystems. Only 1.5% of the studies on bird occurrence data in the BAF were reported from pasture habitats and 1.4% from exotic tree plantations. To address this gap, the present systematic map protocol aims to carry out a bibliographic survey on the presence of birds and mammals in agricultural landscapes and its adjacent areas of natural vegetation to describe the prevalence of species across different (semi-)natural and anthropogenic habitat types. Collecting this data is important to support environmental management policies to preserve biodiversity in these areas. We will conduct a systematic literature review on the biodiversity of birds and mammals in agricultural landscapes within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as well as adjacent areas of natural vegetation. Our search will cover the following databases, without limiting the year of publication: Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and PubMed. We will also include grey literature such as dissertations and theses, performing the search at the “Biblioteca Digital Brasileira” database. The results will be screened for relevance based on predefined criteria. The screening process will take place in two stages: firstly, the articles will be screened by title and abstract, and then the eligible articles will be screened in full text. Only articles that meet the eligibility criteria will proceed to data extraction. The extracted data will provide the elements to build a systematic map.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar improves the nutrient cycle in sandy-textured soils and increases crop yield: a systematic review","authors":"Madina Bekchanova, Luca Campion, Stephan Bruns, Tom Kuppens, Johannes Lehmann, Marijke Jozefczak, Ann Cuypers, Robert Malina","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00326-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00326-5","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a relatively new development in sustainable agricultural management that can be applied to ameliorate degraded and less fertile soils, especially sandy-textured ones, to improve their productivity with respect to crop production through improved nutrient availability. However, as the literature has shown, the response of sandy-textured soils to biochar varies in terms of effect size and direction. Therefore, the present study systematically reviewed the available evidence to synthesize the impact of biochar amendments on aspects of the nutrient cycle of sandy-textured soils. Both peer-reviewed and gray literature were searched in English in bibliographic databases, organizational web pages, and Internet search engines. Articles underwent a two-stage screening (title and abstract, and full-text) based on predefined criteria, with consistency checks. Validity assessments were conducted, utilizing specifically designed tools for study validity. Data extraction involved categorizing the various properties of the nutrient cycle into nine main Soil and Plant Properties (SPPs), each of which was studied independently. Nine meta-analyses were performed using a total of 1609 observations derived from 92 articles. Comparing meta-averages with and without correction for publication bias suggests that publication bias plays a minor role in the literature, while some indication for publication bias is found when accounting for heterogeneity by means of meta-regressions. According to the results, soil total and available nitrogen [N], phosphorous [P] and potassium [K], plant nutrient level, and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 36% (CI [23%, 50%]), 34% (CI [15%, 57%]), 15% (CI [1%, 31%]), and 18% (CI [3%, 36%), respectively, and N2O emission and mineral nutrient leaching decreased by 29% (CI [− 48%, − 3%]) and 38% (CI [− 56%, − 13%). On average, however, biochar had no effect on soil mineral nitrogen and nutrient use efficiency. Publication bias was identified in the response of effective CEC. After corrections for publication bias, the response shifted from 36% to a negative value of − 34% (CI [− 50%, − 14%]). Meta-regression found that the effect modifiers experimental continent, biochar application rate, and soil pH, explain result heterogeneity. Stronger responses came from the continent of South America, higher application rates, and higher pH soils. Overall, biochar is found useful for many SPPs of nutrient cycling of sandy-textured soils, thereby contributing to increased crop yields in such soils.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existing evidence on the use of environmental DNA as an operational method for studying rivers: a systematic map and thematic synthesis","authors":"R. Cruz-Cano, M. Kolb, R. A. Saldaña-Vázquez, L. Bretón-Deval, N. Cruz-Cano, A. Aldama-Cervantes","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00325-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00325-6","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the DNA that can be extracted from an environmental sample, enabling the monitoring of whole biological communities across a large number of samples, at a potentially lower cost, which can significantly benefit river conservation. A systematic mapping protocol was designed to investigate the use of eDNA in rivers, specifically in terms of research topics, geographic and taxonomic biases, as well as information gaps. Furthermore, the potential research opportunities of eDNA in rivers and possible paths to find this kind of information on available platforms are identified. A published systematic map protocol was applied, consisting of a search for published articles and gray literature in two bibliographic databases and one search engine. All search results were submitted to a 2-stage screening for relevance and pertinence in accordance with pre-defined eligibility criteria. Data extraction and codification regarding country of study, year, taxonomic group, sequencing platform, and type of technique employed resulted in a publicly available database. From 7372 studies initially obtained by the search, 545 met the inclusion criteria spanning a period from 2003 to 2022. The five countries with most studies are: USA (134), Japan (61), China (54), Brazil (29) and the UK (25). The most used fragments to analyze DNA are 16S and COI, whilst 26S and 23S are the least used. Only 84 (15%) of the studies reported hypervariable regions, among which the most used are V4 and V5. Regarding taxonomic groups, fishes are most often studied (176), followed by bacteria (138) and virus (52), while fungi is the least studied group (3). Concerning data availability, 229 (42%) studies provided access to sequencing data. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the available evidence regarding the implementation of the eDNA methods in rivers. The findings indicate that since the year 2003, this approach has been applied to aquatic lotic systems, and their recent increase can be attributed to the development of Next-Generation-Sequencing technologies and their reduced costs. However, there is a bias towards high-income countries, particularly USA and Europe. Widespread use and applications of this approach at a global level would allow for the generation of a large amount of information that can be compared between countries to understand if responses of aquatic systems follow similar patterns worldwide.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential types of bias when estimating causal effects in environmental research and how to interpret them","authors":"Ko Konno, James Gibbons, Ruth Lewis, Andrew S Pullin","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00324-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00324-7","url":null,"abstract":"To inform environmental policy and practice, researchers estimate effects of interventions/exposures by conducting primary research (e.g., impact evaluations) or secondary research (e.g., evidence reviews). If these estimates are derived from poorly conducted/reported research, then they could misinform policy and practice by providing biased estimates. Many types of bias have been described, especially in health and medical sciences. We aimed to map all types of bias from the literature that are relevant to estimating causal effects in the environmental sector. All the types of bias were initially identified by using the Catalogue of Bias (catalogofbias.org) and reviewing key publications (n = 11) that previously collated and described biases. We identified 121 (out of 206) types of bias that were relevant to estimating causal effects in the environmental sector. We provide a general interpretation of every relevant type of bias covered by seven risk-of-bias domains for primary research: risk of confounding biases; risk of post-intervention/exposure selection biases; risk of misclassified/mismeasured comparison biases; risk of performance biases; risk of detection biases; risk of outcome reporting biases; risk of outcome assessment biases, and four domains for secondary research: risk of searching biases; risk of screening biases; risk of study appraisal and data coding/extraction biases; risk of data synthesis biases. Our collation should help scientists and decision makers in the environmental sector be better aware of the nature of bias in estimation of causal effects. Future research is needed to formalise the definitions of the collated types of bias such as through decomposition using mathematical formulae.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists relating the impact of different grassland management practices to soil carbon in livestock systems? A systematic map protocol.","authors":"Camille Rousset, Carmen Segura, Anina Gilgen, Marta Alfaro, Luís André Mendes, Mike Dodd, Batnyambuu Dashpurev, Mike Bastidas, Julian Rivera, Lutz Merbold, Eduardo Vázquez","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00345-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-024-00345-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grasslands are essential for providing vital resources in the livestock sector and delivering invaluable ecosystem services such as biodiversity and soil carbon (C) sequestration. Despite their critical importance, these ecosystems face escalating threats from human disturbances, human degradation, and climate change, compromising their ability to effectively stock C. Restoring degraded grasslands emerges as a pragmatic and cost-effective approach to tackling climate change. However, the successful implementation of grassland management toward this goal, faces significant challenges. A systematic mapping approach will help to compile a comprehensive global inventory of studies investigating the impact of differing grassland management practices on soil carbon. In addition, the potential for trade-offs with other greenhouse gas emissions further underlines the value of a systematic assessment. This approach aims to identify knowledge clusters (i.e., well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis) for potential systematic reviews and pinpoint knowledge gaps requiring further primary research efforts, all contributing to a better understanding of the evidence surrounding this topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following systematic evidence synthesis standards, we developed the question to address in the systematic map protocol using the PICO framework. We established a preliminary search string by combining search terms for the Population (Grasslands), Intervention (management) and Outcome (soil carbon) categories, as well as with one additional group (Study types-to focus on farm and field experiments). We will conduct a comprehensive literature search of relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature using Web of Science, Scopus, CABI platforms, Google Scholar, and specialised websites (e.g., Agrotrop). Searches will be conducted in the English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, and Mongolian languages, as per the linguistic capabilities of the research team. The comprehensiveness of the search will be assessed by comparing the literature collected to a test-list of forty relevant articles. The repeatability of the literature screening process will be ensured by a list of inclusion/exclusion criteria and inter-reviewer consistency statistical tests. Data extraction will be organised into four complementary sections (article information, PICO categories, study characteristics, measurable parameters), on which we will perform queries to produce the tables, figures and evidence maps that will compose the systematic map. The results will identify and describe knowledge gaps and clusters.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13750-024-00345-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"13 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists on the effect of the main European lowland crop and grassland management practices on biodiversity indicator species groups? a systematic map.","authors":"Coralie Triquet, Marie Perennes, Robin Séchaud, Markus van der Meer, Yvonne Fabian, Philippe Jeanneret","doi":"10.1186/s13750-024-00347-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-024-00347-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intensification of the agricultural practices in Europe over the last decades has drastically transformed the agroecosystems. The simplification of the landscape, the loss of semi-natural habitats and the application of chemicals on crops led to biodiversity decline in agricultural landscapes, raising substantial concerns about the loss of essential ecosystem services, such as pollination or pest control. Depending on the location, the scale and the regional context, different indicator species groups (ISGs) are regularly surveyed to assess the state and trend of biodiversity changes in agroecosystems. Although the high diversity of these ISGs allows assessing different biodiversity aspects (e.g., trophic levels, bio-physical compartments, scale of indication), it complicates the interpretation of the results and thus their practical application. In addition, species diversity metrics are various, from simple species counts to more complex measurements of diversity indices, sometimes with antagonistic responses. Here, to meet the pressing need for synthesis in this complex topic, we follow a standardized systematic map protocol to collect and summarize the literature reporting field evidence of the effects of the main agricultural management practices (AMPs) in arable crops, grasslands and ecological infrastructures on a set of ISGs in European lowland farming areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches of literature were made using online publication databases, search engine and specialist websites in English. Gathered publications were screened for relevance following inclusion/exclusion criteria published in a prior protocol. We extracted and mapped information about experimental design, monitoring methods, ISGs and AMPs studied and the diversity measures presented in each included publication. These parameters are structured in available data coding sheets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search gathered 20,162 references from which 1208 remained after full text eligibility screening. Main areas studied are in Western Europe, and the number of studies increased exponentially from 1984 to 2022. Most publications are experimental and on-farm studies which assess AMPs effects at the field scale. Main studied AMPs are fertilization, grazing, organic farming, tillage, mowing and herbicide application. Most ISGs used to study their impacts are flora, carabids, spiders, birds, bees and annelids, often combined with other ISGs. The combinations between AMPs and ISGs studied are detailed as well as monitoring methods. The most used diversity measures are abundance, species richness, Shannon index, evenness, and community composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified several knowledge clusters: (1) organic farming, fertilization, tillage, grazing and mowing impact on a wide range of ISGs, (2) flora response to agricultural practices, (3) annelids response to agronomic interventions that impac","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"13 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collating existing evidence on cumulative impacts of invasive plant species in riparian ecosystems of British Columbia, Canada: a systematic map protocol","authors":"Fabio Mologni, Chandra E. Moffat, Jason Pither","doi":"10.1186/s13750-023-00320-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00320-3","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the structure and functioning of foreshore and riparian ecosystems are being dramatically impacted by non-native invasive plant species. Invasive species can outcompete and replace native species, modify geochemical and hydraulic cycles, alter trophic processes, and change the composition and structure of communities above and below ground. However, these impacts are often investigated in isolation, even though one invasive species might increase or mitigate the impacts of others (i.e. cumulative impacts), potentially with cascading effects. Although cumulative impacts have long been studied within other environmental contexts, research on the cumulative impacts of invasive species is comparatively scarce. We aim to develop a protocol to systematically identify and collate evidence on the individual and cumulative impacts of a set of plant species invasive in foreshore and riparian ecosystems of British Columbia, Canada. Our primary question is: what evidence is available on the individual and cumulative impacts of invasive plants in the riparian and foreshore ecosystems of British Columbia, Canada? In addition, our systematic map will identify the strengths and gaps in knowledge pertaining to invasive plant species impacts in foreshore and riparian ecosystems, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the development of evidence-based management strategies. We identified the research topic and the primary and secondary questions with the support of stakeholders. We then devised a flexible string that allows for searching target invasive species. Using this string, we searched the literature for pilot species that aided the iterative development of the protocol. Once all target species are identified, we will carry out a systematic literature search on their impacts. We will search Web of Science and the CABI compendium for invasive species. We will include studies if they (i) refer to the target invasive species, (ii) focus on its environmental impacts and (iii) investigate such impacts in riparian ecosystems (iv) within North America (i.e. Canada and U.S.A.). We will use a two-stage screening process: titles and abstracts first, then the full manuscript. From each source, we will extract impact description, ecosystem component impacted, and magnitude and directionality of impacts. We will include a publicly available database of studies, descriptive statistics, and a narrative summary within our synthesis outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the impacts of activities undertaken in UNESCO biosphere reserves on socio-economic wellbeing in Southeast Asia? A systematic review","authors":"Nguyen Phuong Thao, Jacqualyn Eales, Duong Minh Lam, Vu Thuc Hien, Ruth Garside","doi":"10.1186/s13750-023-00322-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00322-1","url":null,"abstract":"UNESCO biosphere reserves (BRs) have historically aimed to play a crucial role in contributing to sustainable development by bringing about win–win outcomes for both biodiversity and socio-economic development. However, recent studies show the need for a more thorough understanding of how conservation activities impact on and are affected by socio-economic development. We built this systematic review on a systematic map by Eales et al. [14] adding studies from further academic database and grey literature searches specifically designed for this systematic review. Because studies were not sufficiently homogeneous in their outcomes to warrant a valid meta-analysis, we used narrative synthesis to explore the studies’ findings. We assessed 10,053 titles and abstracts from database searches and Google Scholar. 343 articles were screened at full text and 16 studies were included in our review. Of the 16 studies, 3 were assessed as having overall high validity, 8 having moderate validity and 3 having low validity of evidence. 2 studies did not provide sufficient information for validity categorisation (unclear validity). Effects on economic living standards, reported in 11 studies, were in both desired and undesired directions, though most high validity studies reported no significant difference, and most others did not test for significance. Most studies reported that BR interventions were associated with positive impacts on material living standards. In general, studies reported good relations between local people and local enforcement/government following interventions in BRs. BR interventions may both reduce or cause social conflict, though the higher validity studies showed results in the desired direction. In one study, there was a positive impact on population family planning outcomes, when a reproductive health intervention was implemented with conservation efforts. There was no clear impact in either direction regarding education. Across two studies the overall message is positive for the subjective wellbeing of local people. With 727 BRs worldwide, the BR model has been accepted and developed as an approach to facilitate the implementation of the UN's SDGs. However, our work shows that interventions implemented in UNESCO BRs can bring about impacts in quite diverse ways: positive, negative, unchanged, and may often present both positive and negative impacts in the same situation. This reconfirms that the expected win–win outcomes of UNESCO BR model in terms of biodiversity and socio-economic development should be more carefully considered. We suggest some main points for consideration, particularly when developing management mechanisms for UNESCO biosphere reserves and/or managing activities in biosphere reserves. We also highlight the need for further research to explore the socio-economic impacts of the UNESCO biosphere reserves in Southeast Asia, especially on the domains of freedom of choice and action, security and safety, and culture and","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}