Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech最新文献

{"title":"Front Matter 1 - Full Title Page (regular issues)/Special Issue Title page (special issues)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2215-0986(25)00247-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2215-0986(25)00247-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NCRDAP: An AI-driven clustering routing and data aggregation protocol for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks","authors":"MD Jiabul Hoque ,&nbsp;Md. Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Istiaque Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role in numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications; however, their performance remains constrained by limited energy resources, inefficient clustering, suboptimal routing, and redundant data transmissions. To address these persistent challenges, this study hypothesizes that integrating intelligent optimization techniques can simultaneously improve energy efficiency, network longevity, and data reliability in WSNs. Accordingly, we propose a novel AI-driven framework titled Neural-optimized Clustering, Routing, and Data Aggregation Protocol (NCRDAP). The framework combines an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based Cluster Head (CH) selection mechanism, an enhanced Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) for multi-hop routing, and a dual-step data aggregation strategy using edge computing to reduce redundancy and minimize communication overhead. The methodology was implemented and evaluated through extensive simulations using MATLAB R2022a, incorporating widely accepted radio energy models and comparative benchmarks including Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-Centralized (LEACH-C), LEACH with Genetic Algorithm (LEACH-GA), Cluster-Based Data Aggregation (CBDA), Power-efficient and Scalable Adaptive Network (PSAN), and Energy-aware Network Selection (ENS) protocols. The experimental results demonstrate that NCRDAP extends network lifetime by 19–23 %, enhances throughput by 20–30 %, and reduces overall energy consumption and packet loss ratio compared to existing techniques. Furthermore, QPSO exhibited faster convergence behavior and superior routing efficiency, while the dual-step edge processing strategy significantly reduced redundant transmissions without imposing substantial computational overhead. These findings confirm that the proposed NCRDAP framework offers a scalable, energy-efficient, and reliable solution for real-time, resource-constrained WSN applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated CFD and Theoretical Modeling of Erosive Wear in Composite Laminates","authors":"Eduardo Hernández Huerta ,&nbsp;Armando Irvin Martínez Pérez ,&nbsp;Rafael Campos Amezcua ,&nbsp;Edgar Ernesto Vera Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Marisa Moreno Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of mathematical models and computational flow dynamics (CFD) in erosive wear studies can provide an approximation of the material performance under different conditions of the temperature, impact angle, and particle velocity. For this reason, the use of these analysis tools is essential for applications in specialized areas such as renewable energy, automotive and aerospace. This research work reports the results of erosive wear using use results of erosive wear using a validated numerical CFD tool based on the behavior and characteristics of the erosive SiC particles on the surface of a laminated composite material. In addition, the use of the Patnaik and Oka models is presented to obtain an approximation of the erosion rate, using the properties of the matrix and the reinforcing material that constitute the laminated composite evaluated, as well as the erosion conditions. The numerical results obtained compared to the experimental results had an approximation in of 94% in the erosion rate, 93.5% in the mass loss and 96.1% in the wear zone depth. These findings not only validate the combined use of CFD simulation and theoretical models, as an accurate alternative to traditional experimental testing, also accelerate the materials evaluation process, reduce development costs and improve the design of components with greater resistance to erosive wear. Therefore, these results provide a solid basis for integrating erosive wear resistance criteria into the structural design of composite components, optimizing their service life and performance under severe operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, encapsulation, and hysteresis creep mitigation in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: A review","authors":"Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingting Peng ,&nbsp;Yongshi Song ,&nbsp;Yandong Li ,&nbsp;Yanzheng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review examines the preparation and encapsulation processes for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) and evaluates methods for suppressing their characteristic hysteresis and creep. The analysis investigates the relationship between various base membrane and electrode preparation techniques, including their optimization approaches, and the resulting mechanical properties of IPMCs. Additionally, the review categorizes and compares conventional encapsulation techniques according to their fundamental processes and application scenarios. Persistent hysteresis and creep phenomena have significantly constrained the long-term development of IPMCs. While classical modeling approaches have been applied to address these issues, they often fall short in effectively characterizing IPMC behavior. Recently, data-driven methodologies, particularly deep learning techniques, have emerged as promising alternatives for improving modeling accuracy of IPMC hysteresis and creep. Accordingly, this review compiles and analyzes current data-driven suppression methods. The paper concludes with insights into future development pathways for IPMCs within smart materials and soft robotics applications. By synthesizing existing research, this work provides a comprehensive foundation to advance IPMC technology and enhance its practical performance capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical image zero-watermarking algorithm based on a reversible integer quaternionic Meixner transform and a hybrid chaotic system","authors":"Adil Sayyouri ,&nbsp;Karim El-khanchouli ,&nbsp;Ahmed Bencherqui ,&nbsp;Hicham Karmouni ,&nbsp;Mhamed Sayyouri ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Bourkane ,&nbsp;Abdeljabbar Cherkaoui ,&nbsp;Doaa Sami Khafaga ,&nbsp;Eman Abdullah Aldakheel","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protection of medical images, often transmitted over unsecured networks in telemedicine contexts, requires techniques that ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and reversibility. To meet these requirements, we introduce a novel reversible and integer-based transform called the Quaternionic Integer Reversible Meixner Transform (QIRMT). This method enables a compact and accurate representation of multidimensional data 1D, 2D and 3D, while guaranteeing lossless reconstruction (MSE = 0, PSNR = ∞), thereby overcoming the numerical limitations of classical Meixner moments. Based on QIRMT, we have designed a robust zero-watermarking scheme for the authentication of medical images. This approach combines the extraction of features via QIRMT with a chaotic hybrid system by logistic-sine map and a generalized Arnold transform to ensure secure scrambling and spatial dispersion of the watermark-without altering the original image. Experimental results on benchmark medical images demonstrate high robustness against geometric and image processing attacks (BER &lt; 0.03; NC &gt; 0.97), even under combined distortions such as noise, JPEG compression, cropping, and rotation. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieves a significantly reduced execution time, outperforming existing comparative methods. These results confirm that the proposed method offers a reliable, efficient, and practical solution for protecting sensitive medical imaging data, in line with the stringent requirements of modern healthcare and telemedicine systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design adaptation of an electronically tunable oscillator using a low performance linearized CMOS operational transconductance amplifier","authors":"Roman Sotner ,&nbsp;Ladislav Polak ,&nbsp;Lukas Langhammer ,&nbsp;Darius Andriukaitis","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the implementation of commercially available CMOS devices with unfavorable properties, such as low output resistance, in an application designed to mitigate these limitations. By<!--> <!-->employing a specific topology and considering key design parameters, the proposed approach minimizes the adverse effects of low output resistance. This design focuses on a linearized operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on CMOS transistors, featuring with very low output resistance. This OTA is further integrated into an LC oscillator, where the associated disadvantages are suppressed through a specialized topology and careful selection of parameter values that are unaffected by the low OTA output resistance. The operational verification targets a frequency range of several hundred kHz and a linearly processed voltage range of several hundred mV. The linearized OTA-based low-gain amplifier/attenuator offers a linearity error within −7% (±500 mV). The proposed OTA implementation in the oscillator introduces highly simplified method for adjusting the oscillation condition using a single grounded element while minimizing the adverse effects of low output resistance of OTA. Additionally, the tunability of the oscillator using varactor diodes achieving a range from 120 <!--> <!-->kHz to 273 kHz for a voltage varying from 0 V to 5 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-sensitivity microwave sensor for buffalo milk fat rate and adulteration analysis with branch line coupler","authors":"Mustafa Yıldırım,&nbsp;Mahmut Ahmet Gözel","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an innovative microwave sensor was designed based on a Complementary Elliptical Electric-LC (CEE-LC) resonator structure compact with a Branch Line Coupler (BLC) that can determine milk fat content and perform adulteration analysis. Firstly, the fat content measurements of the milk used in the study were performed using a Lactoscan brand milk analyzer to determine the proposed sensor performance: buffalo milk (BM) was determined to have 12.19 % fat content, goat milk (GM) 5.02 %, Jersey milk (JM) 6.81 %, and Simmental milk (SM) 4.10 %. Then, adulterated milk samples were created using JM-BM and water-BM mixtures to perform adulteration analysis using the proposed sensor. In the final stage of sample preparation, a common dielectric probe was used to measure the permittivity and electrical conductivity of all milk samples in the 10 MHz to 20 GHz frequency range. The resonance frequency of the S₂₁, which provides transmission-zero (TZ) in the S-parameter of the proposed sensor, was determined to be 7.03 GHz. The CEE-LC resonator structure in the sensor was positioned on the ground surface projection of the transmission line between “port 1” and “port 2”. In the BM-water adulteration analysis, the resonance frequencies of the sensor at parameter S₂₁ were measured as 2.40 GHz for only BM sample, 2.335 GHz for BM with 20 % water mixture, 2.295 GHz for BM with 40 % water, 2.260 GHz for BM with 60 % water, 2.215 GHz for BM with 80 % water, and 2.105 GHz for only water. Similarly, the proposed sensor detected the resonance frequencies of the S₂₁ parameter in the adulteration analysis performed when JM mixed with the BM as 2.395 GHz for 20 % addition, 2.385 GHz for 40 % addition, 2.370 GHz for 60 % addition, 2.325 GHz for 80 % addition, and 2.32 GHz for pure JM. To increase the usability of the sensor in field applications, a portable measurement system was developed by integrating a voltage-controlled RF oscillator and a power detector. In DC voltage-based measurements, the output voltage increased from 1.23 V to 1.56 V as the milk fat content increased, indicating a correlation between the DC output voltage and fat content. In the adulteration analysis, it decreased from 1.55 V to 1.18 V as the water content in buffalo milk increased. During DC analyses, the 2.4 GHz resonant frequency of the BM, which has the TZ value for parameter S₂₁ in the proposed sensor, was used to determine fat content and adulteration. Literature comparisons revealed that the proposed system exhibits superior performance compared to existing methods, especially in detecting water adulteration in buffalo milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new methodology for optimal penetration of multiple type distributed generators based on large-scale unbalanced power distribution network","authors":"Mohamed Khamies ,&nbsp;Ahmed Fathy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hashem ,&nbsp;Hammad Alnuman ,&nbsp;Hossam Hassan Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal integration of distributed generators (DGs) into unbalanced power distribution networks (PDNs) is critical for minimizing power losses and enhancing voltage stability. So, this study applies the novel walrus optimizer (WO) to determine the optimal placement, sizing, and power factors of DGs in unbalanced PDNs using the IEEE 123-bus system as realistic unbalanced network representative of real-world operating conditions. The unbalanced distribution IEEE 123-bus system is simulated in OpenDSS while the WO approach is implemented in Matlab and linked to OpenDSS for co-simulation. The primary goal is to reduce the network’s total active power loss while constraints of voltage and current restrictions, voltage control tap position limitations, DG generated power limits, and generation-demand power balance restrictions are examined. The proposed WO is rigorously benchmarked against established metaheuristics including skill optimization algorithm (SOA), giant trevally optimizer (GTO), osprey optimization algorithm (OOA), and equilibrium optimizer (EO). The fetched results demonstrate the WO’s superior efficacy as it succeeded<!--> <!-->in mitigating the network power loss by 70.48%, 83.47%, and 84.72% with installing Type I (active), Type II (reactive), and Type III (combined active and reactive) DGs, respectively. The corresponding voltage deviations are reduced by<!--> <!-->18.44%, 16.41%, and 32.15%. These improvements significantly surpass those achieved by comparative algorithms highlighting the WO’s robustness in avoiding local optima and achieving faster convergence. The study concludes that, the WO effectively addresses the nonlinear complexities of PDNs, offering reliable tool for utilities to optimize DG integration. Its ability to concurrently optimize location, capacity, and power factors ensures tangible gains in grid efficiency and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel twin fang algorithm for advanced optimization of energy coordination in hybrid power systems","authors":"Md. Nimul Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Fatin Ishraque ,&nbsp;Sk.A. Shezan ,&nbsp;Innocent Kamwa ,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a hybrid microgrid approach to energy management is demonstrated using the newly introduced Twin Fang Optimization (TFO) algorithm, which imitates the key characteristics of natural predator–prey dynamics by integrating the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). This novel metaheuristic methodology was specifically developed to overcome the limitations of conventional algorithms, aiming for more efficient resource distribution among solar PV, wind, and battery storage systems. Within this work, the proposed TFO algorithm was applied to optimize hybrid microgrids in two geographically distinct sites in Bangladesh and Canada having two unique climatic and operational conditions to test the algorithm’s versatility. The results show that TFO significantly improves system performance across multiple evaluation metrics. It achieved Multi-Criteria Function values of 0.03825 in Bangladesh and 0.03725 in Canada, outperforming GWO, WOA, and PSO. Additionally, the energy levelized costs were reduced to $0.0354/kWh in Bangladesh and $0.0361/kWh in Canada. In both locations, the system maintained the full Sustainable Energy Score (SES), ensuring zero carbon emission and energy loss. Furthermore, the Power Supply Reliability Index (PSRI) was minimized to 1.25% in Bangladesh and 2.45% in Canada, indicating a high system reliability. The results demonstrate that TFO significantly outperforms both GWO and WOA in three out of four test cases, with p-values consistently below the 0.05 threshold, confirming the robustness and effectiveness of TFO. These findings suggest that TFO is a promising approach for optimizing energy systems in real-world hybrid microgrid applications. A comparative performance analysis underscores the robustness, faster convergence, and stability of the TFO algorithm against other well-established methods. Overall, this research presents TFO as a promising tool for smart energy systems, setting a new benchmark for efficient and resilient hybrid microgrid management under diverse regional conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PO-optimized cascaded FOIAN-PTD strategy for frequency control of wind-PV-thermal power system with energy storage systems","authors":"Alaa A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Khairy Sayed ,&nbsp;Amil Daraz ,&nbsp;Yogendra Arya ,&nbsp;Mohamed Khamies","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today’s evolving energy landscape, hybrid power systems integrating renewable and conventional sources are increasingly adopted to enhance sustainability. However, maintaining frequency stability remains a challenge due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources (RESs). This study presents a robust control strategy to enhance frequency regulation in a wind–solar–thermal hybrid grid using an advanced load frequency control (LFC) scheme. The proposed approach combines a novel fractional-order controller, termed fractional order integral accelerated with low-pass filter (N)-proportional tilt derivative (FOIAN-PTD), with coordinated capacitive energy storage (CES) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. The FOIAN-PTD controller is fine tuned using the newly developed puma optimizer (PO), which outperforms existing algorithms such as GWO, ALO, AOA, ASO, QIO, and WOA in both convergence speed and control performance. Extensive simulations validate the superiority of the proposed method. The FOIAN-PTD controller achieves up to 89.3% improvement in overshoot and 88.9% in undershoot for frequency deviation in area-1 (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), 90.7% and 84.3% improvement for area-2 (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), and 95.1% and 90.6% improvement in tie-line power deviation (ΔP_tie), respectively, when compared with traditional PID and recent FO controllers. Moreover, the CES integrated with FOIAN-PTD significantly outperforms SMES in dynamic response, further enhancing grid reliability under varying renewable penetration scenarios. Overall, this research provides a scalable and high-performance LFC framework for modern hybrid power grid, offering enhanced frequency stability and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}