World Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"L-arginine overdose is a potential risk factor for myocardial injury in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Yan Chen, Meng-Ting Dai, Guo-Hua Gong","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104409","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We comment on an article published by Mansouri <i>et al</i> in the <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i>. L-arginine (L-Arg), a dietary supplement, is a precursor of nitric oxide, can improve cardiovascular disease, and it is important for treating heart disease and hypertension. Previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of L-Arg on diabetes. In the study by Mansouri <i>et al</i>, L-Arg moderately increased blood glucose levels in normal rats. However, in diabetic rats, L-Arg significantly increased lipid levels, which is different from the findings of previous studies. This study demonstrated that a safe dose of 0.5 g/kg in diabetic rats can improve the lipid profile and decrease body weight. However, high doses (1 g/kg or higher) may aggravate damage to myocardial tissue in diabetic rats by increasing blood glucose, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study further demonstrated that high doses of L-Arg can exacerbate myocardial injury in diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"104409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of quantified cardiovascular health status with all-cause mortality risk in prediabetic patients.","authors":"Ao-Miao Chen, Qiu-Yu He, Yi-Chuan Wu, Jia-Qi Chen, Xiao-Qin Ma, Ling-Yuan Hu, Ge-Ning-Yue Wang, Zhuo-Tong Wang, Zhi-Yong Wu, Zong-Ji Zheng, Yi-Jie Jia","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102052","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with prediabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, updated by the American Heart Association in 2022, is a tool used to quantify cardiovascular health (CVH). Quantifying healthy living status on the basis of the uniform standard LE8 will be useful for confirming whether health interventions can reduce the risk of death in prediabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the associations between all-cause mortality risk and CVH status (as quantified by the LE8 score) in prediabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 5344 participants with prediabetes (age: 52.9 ± 15.8 years; 51.6% men). The LE8 score includes four health indicators and four health behaviors. Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated for all-cause mortality in the high CVH (LE8 ≥ 80), low CVH (LE8 ≤ 50), and moderate CVH (LE8 50-79) subgroups, and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed. Separate analyses of the associations of all-cause mortality risk with each LE8 component and CVH health behaviors and indicators were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the median follow-up period of 8.33 years, 658 deaths occurred. Compared with those among participants with high CVH, the covariate-adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) for mortality among participants with moderate and low CVH were 2.55 (1.23-5.31) and 3.92 (1.70-9.02), respectively. There was a linear relationship between an improvement in CVH status and a reduction in all-cause mortality risk (<i>P</i>-overall < 0.0001, <i>P</i>-nonlinear = 0.7989). Improved CVH health behaviors had a more significant protective effect on patients with prediabetes than did the improvement in CVH health indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High CVH status (as quantified by the LE8 score) is significantly associated with reduced mortality risk in prediabetic adults in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"102052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of beinaglutide, a thrice-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan, Vanishri Ganakumar, Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, M Rafiqul Islam, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103244","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beinaglutide, a short-acting glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown variable efficacy in weight reduction and metabolic control in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the therapeutic effects of beinaglutide in patients with overweight/obesity with/without type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RCTs involving patients receiving beinaglutide in the intervention arm and placebo or active comparator in the control arm were searched through multiple electronic databases. The change from baseline in body weight was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, glycemic parameters, lipids, and adverse events (AEs). RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models. Outcomes were presented as mean differences (MDs), odds ratios (ORs), or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six RCTs (<i>n</i> = 800) with mostly some concerns about the risk of bias were included. Over 12-24 weeks, beinaglutide 0.1-0.2 mg thrice daily was superior to the control group in reducing total (MD = -3.25 kg, 95%CI: -4.52 to -1.98, <i>I</i> ² = 84%, <i>P</i> < 0.00001) and percent (MD = -4.13%, 95%CI: -4.87 to -3.39, <i>I</i> ² = 54%, <i>P</i> < 0.00001) body weight reduction. Beinaglutide also outperformed the control group in achieving weight loss by 5% (OR 4.61) and 10% (OR = 5.34). The superiority of beinaglutide <i>vs</i> the control group was also found in reducing BMI (MD = -1.22 kg/m², 95%CI: -1.67 to -0.77) and WC (MD = -2.47 cm, 95%CI: -3.74 to -1.19]). Beinaglutide and the control group had comparable impacts on blood pressure, glycemic parameters, insulin resistance, hepatic transaminases, and lipid profile. Beinaglutide posed higher risks of treatment discontinuation due to AEs (RR = 3.15), nausea (RR = 4.51), vomiting (RR = 8.19), palpitation (RR = 3.95), headache (RR = 2.87), and dizziness (RR = 6.07) than the control. However, the two groups had identical risks of total and serious AEs, diarrhea, fatigue, and hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term data from RCTs suggested that beinaglutide causes modest benefits in reducing body weight, BMI, and WC, with no significant difference in glycemic and other metabolic endpoints compared to the control arm. Safety data were consistent with those of the other drugs in the glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist class. Larger RCTs are warranted to prove the longer-term metabolic benefits of beinaglutide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"103244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic-related complications, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.","authors":"Hua-Fen Chen, Yung-Yueh Chang, Peter Chen, Xiao-Han Shen, Chin-Huan Chang, Wan-Lun Hsu","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104576","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B and C and alcoholic liver disease are the principal causes of hepatic-related morbidity and mortality. However, evidence of the associations between diabetes without the above risk factors and hepatic-related study endpoints is not well understood. In addition, the effects of associated metabolic dysfunction and exercise on hepatic outcomes are still not clear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the incidence and relative hazards of cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic-related complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were nonalcoholic and serologically negative for hepatitis B and C in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 33184 T2D patients and 648746 nondiabetic subjects selected from Taiwan's adult preventive health care service were linked to various National Health Insurance databases, cancer registry, and death registry to identify cirrhosis of the liver, HCC, hepatic-related complications, and mortality. The Poisson assumption and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to estimate the incidences and relative hazards of all hepatic-related study endpoints, respectively. We also compared the risk of hepatic outcomes stratified by age, sex, associated metabolic dysfunctions, and regular exercise between T2D patients and nondiabetic subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with nondiabetic subjects, T2D patients had a significantly greater incidence (6.32 <i>vs</i> 17.20 per 10000 person-years) and greater risk of cirrhosis of the liver [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.45; 95%CI: 1.30-1.62]. The aHRs for HCC, hepatic complications, and mortality were 1.81, 1.87, and 2.08, respectively. An older age, male sex, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia further increased the risks of all hepatic-related study endpoints, and regular exercise decreased the risk, irrespective of diabetes status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with T2D are at increased risk of cirrhosis of the liver, HCC, hepatic-related complications, and mortality, and associated metabolic dysfunctions provide additional hazard. Coordinated interprofessional care for high-risk T2D patients and diabetes education, with an emphasis on the importance of physical activity, are crucial for minimizing hepatic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"104576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientometric analysis and historical review of diabetic encephalopathy research: Trends and hotspots (2004-2023).","authors":"Xian-Wen Ye, Hai-Xia Zhang, Qian Li, Chun-Shuai Li, Chong-Jun Zhao, Liang-Jing Xia, Hong-Min Ren, Xu-Xing Wang, Chao Yang, Yu-Jie Wang, Shui-Lan Jiang, Xin-Fang Xu, Xiang-Ri Li","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.91200","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.91200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common and serious complication of diabetes that can cause death in many patients and significantly affects the lives of individuals and society. Multiple studies investigating the pathogenesis of DE have been reported. However, few studies have focused on scientometric analysis of DE.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze literature on DE using scientometrics to provide a comprehensive picture of research directions and progress in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed studies on DE or cognitive impairment published between 2004 and 2023. The latter were used to identify the most frequent keywords in the keyword analysis and explore the hotspots and trends of DE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scientometric analysis revealed 1308 research papers on DE, a number that increased annually over the past 20 years, and that the primary topics explored were domain distribution, knowledge structure, evolution, and emergence of research topics related to DE. The inducing factors, comorbidities, pathogenesis, treatment, and animal models of DE help clarify its occurrence, development, and treatment. An increasing number of studies on DE may be a result of the recent increase in patients with diabetes, unhealthy lifestyles, and unhealthy eating habits, which have aggravated the incidence of this disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified the main inducing factors and comorbidities of DE, though other complex factors undoubtedly increase social and economic burdens. These findings provide vital references for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"91200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressive agents in diabetes treatment: Hope or despair?","authors":"Lu Li, Xi Yang, Jin-Shuai Ren, Ming-Zhu Huang, Qing-Wei Zhao","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100590","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploration of immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of diabetes is a burgeoning field that has captured the attention of the medical community. The innovative approach of using these agents to combat diabetes is driven by their diverse capabilities to regulate the immune system, which is pivotal for disease pathogenesis. The primary objective is to enhance the management of blood glucose levels, which is a critical factor in the daily life of diabetic patients. This comprehensive review delves into the therapeutic horizons opened by immunosuppressive agents, particularly their potential impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their utility in the transplantation process. The complex etiology of diabetes, which involves a delicate interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, presents a multifaceted target landscape for these therapies. The agents discussed in the review, including CD3 inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4-immunoglobulin G, Janus kinase inhibitors, anti-thymocyte globulin, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, CD20 inhibitors, alefacept, and alemtuzumab, each bring a unique mechanism to the table, offering a tailored approach to immune modulation. As research progresses, emphasis is being placed on evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety of these agents to pave the way for more personalized and effective diabetes management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"100590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and forkhead box protein O1 inhibition mediate palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation.","authors":"Li-Kun Wang, Chu-Chu Kong, Ting-Yan Yu, Hui-Song Sun, Lu Yang, Ying Sun, Ming-Yu Li, Wei Wang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.95431","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.95431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Studies have suggested that β-cell dedifferentiation is one of the pathogeneses of β-cell dysfunction, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Most studies of β-cell dedifferentiation rely on rodent models and human pathological specimens. The development of <i>in vitro</i> systems can facilitate the exploration of β-cell dedifferentiation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the molecular mechanism of β-cell dedifferentiation. Hence, an <i>in vitro</i> model of β-cell dedifferentiation induced by palmitic acid and high glucose was established using the INS-1 832/13 cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was further analyzed using RNA-sequencing, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the treatment of palmitic acid and high glucose significantly up-regulated β-cell forbidden genes and endocrine precursor cell marker genes, and down-regulated the expression of β-cell specific markers. Data showed that dedifferentiated INS-1 cells up-regulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes. Moreover, the results also showed that forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) inhibition potentiated genetic changes in β-cell dedifferentiation induced by palmitic acid and high glucose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ER stress is sufficient to trigger β-cell dedifferentiation and is necessary for palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. Foxo1 inhibition can further enhance these phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"95431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism or selected other metabolites and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Ting-Ting Zheng, Jia-He Liu, Wan-Tong Huang, Bo Hong, Di Wang, Chun-Yi Liu, Jie Zhang, Si-Si Li, Shao-Wei Wu, Qi Wang, Lei Chen, Lei Jin","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103602","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are conflicting results on the potential correlation between folic acid and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the correlation between genetic factors related to folic acid metabolism pathways and GDM remains to be revealed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of enzyme genes in the folate metabolite pathway as well as that between GDM-related genes and risk for GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study was conducted with GDM cases (<i>n</i> = 412) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 412). DNA was extracted blood samples and SNPs were genotyped using Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY gene mass spectrometry system. The associations between different SNPs of genes and the risk for GDM were estimated using logistic regression models. The generalized multi-factor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was used to analyze gene-gene and gene-environment interactions using the GMDR 0.9 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The variation allele frequency of melatonin receptor 1B (<i>MTNR1B</i>) rs10830963 was higher in the GDM group than in controls (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>MTNR1B</i> rs10830963 mutant G was associated with risk for GDM [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.43; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.13-1.80] in the additive model. <i>MTNR1B</i> rs10830963 GG + GC was significantly associated with the risk for GDM (aOR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.23-2.22) in the dominant model. The two-locus model of <i>MTNR1B</i> rs10830963 and <i>CHEMERIN</i> rs4721 was the best model (<i>P</i> < 0.05) for gene-gene interactions in the GMDR results. The high-risk rs10830963 × rs4721 type of interaction was a risk factor for GDM (aOR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.49-2.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study does not find an association between SNPs of folate metabolic enzymes and risk for GDM. The G mutant allele of <i>MTNR1B</i> rs10830963 is identified as a risk factor for GDM in the additive model, and there may be gene-gene interactions between <i>MTNR1B</i> rs10830963 and <i>CHEMERIN</i> rs4721. It is conducive to studying the causes of GDM and provides a new perspective for the precise prevention of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"103602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish as a preclinical model for diabetes mellitus and its complications: From monogenic to gestational diabetes and beyond.","authors":"Jie Huang, Yin-Ling Chen","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100574","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With diabetes currently affecting 537 million people globally, innovative research approaches are urgently required. Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) has emerged as a pivotal model organism in diabetes research, particularly valuable for developmental biology studies and preclinical therapeutic validation. Its rapid life cycle, optical transparency, and genetic tractability collectively enable efficient longitudinal observation of pathological progression and pharmacological responses. Utilizing zebrafish models, researchers have elucidated fundamental mechanisms governing islet development, β-cell dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. These experimental systems have significantly advanced our understanding of various diabetes subtypes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and monogenic forms, while also facilitating mechanistic studies of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Recent model refinements, particularly in simulating monogenic disorders and pregnancy-associated metabolic changes, promise to deepen our comprehension of disease pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, a persistent limitation lies in their incomplete recapitulation of human-specific physiological complexity and multi-organ metabolic interactions, factors that may influence translational applicability. Despite these constraints, zebrafish-based research continues to provide an indispensable platform for diabetes investigation, holding significant promise for alleviating the escalating global burden of this metabolic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"100574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased colorectal cancer risk in prediabetes: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Na Wang, Tian-Yi Zhao, Xiao Ma","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103403","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research yielded conflicting results regarding the association between prediabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically assess the incidence of CRC in individuals with prediabetes compared with individuals with normoglycemia <i>via</i> a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant cohort studies were acquired by searching MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. A random-effects model was applied to combine the findings after accounting for heterogeneity. Several subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of study characteristics on the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven cohort studies involving 4996352 participants, including 383917 (7.7%) with prediabetes at baseline, were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Over a mean follow-up period of 6.5 years, the combined findings revealed that individuals with prediabetes at baseline had a higher likelihood of developing CRC than those with normoglycemia [risk ratio (RR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.25, <i>P</i> < 0.001] with low statistical heterogeneity (<i>I</i> ² = 27%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between prediabetes and an increased risk of CRC was mainly observed in studies defining prediabetes using impaired fasting glucose (RR = 1.24) and slightly elevated hemoglobin A1c levels (RR = 1.18) but not in those that defined prediabetes using impaired glucose tolerance (RR = 1.06). Other study characteristics such as design, country, participant age and sex, the duration of follow-up, or adjustment for body mass index did not significantly impact the results (all <i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with prediabetes might have a higher likelihood of developing CRC than individuals with normoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":"103403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}