World Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Role of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemia response impairment in type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2237","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study critically examines the novel findings presented by Jin <i>et al</i>, which explores the role of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in mice with type 1 diabetes. The study identifies intestinal GLP-1 as a significant determinant in the physiological responses to hypoglycemia, offering new insights into its potential implications for diabetes management. The editorial synthesizes these findings, discusses their relevance in the context of current diabetes research, and outlines potential avenues for future investigation of intestinal GLP-1 as a therapeutic target. This analysis underscores the need for continued research into the complex mechanisms underlying impaired hypoglycemia responses and highlights the potential of targeting intestinal GLP-1 pathways in therapeutic strategies for type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2237-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric and endo-bariatric interventions for diabetes: What is the current evidence?","authors":"Sunetra Mondal, Vanessa Ambrose Fistus, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2255","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bariatric interventions have shown the best therapeutic benefits in individuals with obesity. They can be classified into surgical procedures (bariatric/metabolic surgery) and endoscopic procedures. Common surgical procedures include sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, bilio-pancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch and Stomach Intestinal Pylorus Sparing Surgery. Endoscopic procedures include intragastric balloons, transpyloric shuttle, endoscopic gastroplasties, aspiration therapy, duodenal mucosal resurfacing, duodeno-jejunal bypass liner, gastro-duodeno-jejunal bypass and incisionless magnetic anastomosis system among others. However, these procedures are limited by lack of wide availability, high costs, immediate and long-term complications and poor acceptability in some regions. Weight re-gain is a common concern and revisional metabolic surgery is often required. Appropriate pre-operative evaluation and correction of nutritional deficiencies post-surgery are very important. The most appropriate procedure for a person would depend on multiple factors like the intended magnitude of weight-loss, comorbidities and surgical fitness, as well as choice of the patient. Recently, glucagon-like insulinotropic peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP) and the GLP-1/gastric inhibitory polypeptide co-agonist-Tirzepatide have shown remarkable weight loss potential, which is at par with bariatric interventions in some patients. How far these can help in avoiding invasive bariatric procedures in near future remains to be explored. An updated and comprehensive clinical review by He <i>et al</i> in the recent issue of <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i> address has addressed the avenues and challenges of currently available bariatric surgeries which will enable clinicians to make better decisions in their practice, including their applicability in special populations like the elderly and pediatric age groups, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and non-diabetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2255-2263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes and obesity: A debate on bariatric interventions and its implications.","authors":"José C Tatmatsu-Rocha, Marcos R Lima da Silva","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2157","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we comment on an article by Tang <i>et al</i> published in the <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i>. Obesity and diabetes are two pathological situations that are intrinsically related. Neither lifestyle changes nor pharmacological treatments have achieved diabetes remission. From this perspective, bariatric surgery has been widely used as an approach for weight loss in obese patients and as a strategy to promote metabolic modulation. The main effects of bariatric surgery involve direct action in improving cardiovascular function and endothelial function and reducing insulin resistance, leading to diabetes remission in the short term following surgery. In this context, it has been observed that hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and endothelium play a prominent role in this process. By reversing endothelial dysfunction, it is possible to balance pro-inflammatory cytokine production, improving the availability of nitric oxide and inhibiting vascular oxidative stress. Furthermore, it can be considered an efficient anti-inflammatory strategy, alleviating interferon-gamma-mediated adipose tissue inflammation. The current challenge must be to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential targets for treating metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2157-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial fibrillation and prediabetes: Interplay between left atrium and systemic diseases.","authors":"Ming-Jui Hung","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2242","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with multiple other comorbidities, <i>i.e.</i> multimorbidity. Prediabetes is one of the multiple comorbidities observed in patients with AF, whereby these two disease entities share the same pathophysiological mechanisms, namely oxidative stress and inflammation. Although prediabetes is reported to have a negative impact on major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events in hospitalized AF patients, information about the interactions between prediabetes and AF remains inconsistent. A more in-depth exploration of pathophysiology and more comprehensive prospective clinical studies of AF and diabetes would provide a thorough understanding of the timing of events and further treatment strategies. Deeper investigations are needed to clarify the interactions and causal relationships between AF and prediabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2242-2244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes with time-in-range in target.","authors":"Bei-Si Lin, Zhi-Gu Liu, Dan-Rui Chen, Yan-Ling Yang, Dai-Zhi Yang, Jin-Hua Yan, Long-Yi Zeng, Xu-Bin Yang, Wen Xu","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2058","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk of hypoglycemia also occurs in at a time-in-range (TIR) of > 70%. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered the best single factor for predicting hypoglycemia, and offers new perspectives for the individualized treatment of patients with well-controlled blood glucose levels that are easily ignored in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the relationship between HGI and hypoglycemia and the implications of HGI on hypoglycemia in T2DM with TIR > 70%.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All participants underwent a 7-days continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using a retrospective CGM system. We obtained glycemic variability indices using the CGM system. We defined HGI as laboratory hemoglobin A1c minus the glucose management indicator. Patients were categorized into low HGI (HGI < 0.5) and high HGI groups (HGI ≥ 0.5) according to HGI median (0.5). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine the risk factors for hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 129 subjects with T2DM (54.84 ± 12.56 years, 46% male) in the study. Median TIR score was 90%. The high HGI group exhibited lower TIR and greater time below range with higher hemoglobin A1c than the low HGI group; this suggests more glycemic excursions and an increased incidence of hypoglycemia in the high HGI group. Multivariate analyses revealed that mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose and HGI were independent risk factors for hypoglycemia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the HGI was the best predictor of hypoglycemia. In addition, the optimal cut-off points for HGI, mean blood glucose, and standard deviation of blood glucose in predicting hypoglycemia were 0.5%, 7.2 mmol/L and 1.4 mmol/L respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High HGI was significantly associated with greater glycemic excursions and increased hypoglycemia in patients with TIR > 70%. Our findings indicate that HGI is a reliable predictor of hypoglycemia in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2058-2069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-35: A key player managing pre-diabetes and chronic inflammatory type 1 autoimmune diabetes.","authors":"Ratul Chakraborty, Ashis Kumar Mukherjee, Asis Bala","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2147","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel protein comprising IL-12α and IL-27β chains. The IL12A and <i>EBI3</i> genes are responsible for its production. The study of IL-35 has experienced a substantial increase in interest in recent years, as demonstrated by many research papers. Recent clinical studies have shown that individuals who do not have a C-peptide have notably reduced amounts of IL-35 in their blood serum. This is accompanied by a drop in the percentage of IL-35⁺ Treg cells, regulatory B cells, and CD8⁺ FOXP3⁺ cells that produce IL-35. This article em-phasizes the potential significance of IL-35 expression in governing the immune response and its involvement in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diabetes in pancreatic inflammation. It demonstrates IL-35's ability to regulate cytokine proportions, modulate B cells, and protect against autoimmune diabetes. However, further investigation is necessary to ascertain the precise mechanism of IL-35, and meticulous planning is essential for clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2147-2151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don´t give up on mitochondria as a target for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.","authors":"Christian Cortés-Rojo, Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2015","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we discuss an article by Wang <i>et al</i>, focusing on the role of mitochondria in peripheral insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Despite numerous <i>in vitro</i> and pre-clinical studies supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, efforts to target mitochondria for glycemic control in diabetes using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have produced inconsistent results. The intricate functionality of mitochondria is summarized to underscore the challenges it poses as a therapeutic target. While mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have demonstrated improvement in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in pre-clinical diabetes models, the results regarding glycemic control have been mixed, and no studies have evaluated their hypoglycemic effects in diabetic patients. Nonetheless, pre-clinical trials have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating diabetes-related complications. Here, we review some reasons why mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may not function effectively in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction. We also highlight several alternative approaches under development that may enhance the targeting of mitochondria for diabetes treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2015-2021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential prospects of Chinese medicine application in diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Yi-Mai Zhou, Yuan-Hao Cao, Jing Guo, Lu-Sha Cen","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2010","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye condition that can lead to blindness, have mainly focused on proliferative DR, including vitreous injection, retinal photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. Vitreous injections mainly depend on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. In this editorial, we comment on the article by Sun <i>et al</i>. We focus specifically on the mechanisms of the protective effect of genipin on the retina. Genipin is a gardenia extract used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In their study, the authors suggest that controlling advanced glycosylation by the intraocular injection of genipin may be a strategy for preventing retinopathy. The innovative use of a Chinese medicine extract injected into the eye to achieve a curative effect has attracted our attention. Although TCM is effective in treating DR, the topical application of DR, especially intraocular injections, is not yet feasible. Herein, we present a brief analysis of effective Chinese medicines for the treatment of DR. The effectiveness of local injections of TCM applied directly into the eyes holds promise as an effective treatment approach for DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2010-2014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilising continuous glucose monitoring for glycemic control in diabetic kidney disease.","authors":"Vamsidhar Veeranki, Narayan Prasad","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2006","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we comment on the article by Zhang <i>et al</i>. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant challenge in managing glycemic control, especially in diabetic patients with diabetic kidney disease undergoing dialysis or kidney transplantation. Conventional markers like glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) may not accurately reflect glycemic fluctuations in these populations due to factors such as anaemia and kidney dysfunction. This comprehensive review discusses the limitations of HbA1c and explores alternative methods, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in CKD patients. CGM emerges as a promising technology offering real-time or retrospective glucose concentration measure-ments and overcoming the limitations of HbA1c. Key studies demonstrate the utility of CGM in different CKD settings, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, as well as kidney transplant recipients. Despite challenges like sensor accuracy fluctuation, CGM proves valuable in monitoring glycemic trends and mitigating the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia, to which CKD patients are prone. The review also addresses the limitations of CGM in CKD patients, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its utilization in clinical practice. Altogether, this review advocates for integrating CGM into managing glycemia in CKD patients, highlighting its superiority over traditional markers and urging clinicians to consider CGM a valuable tool in their armamentarium.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2006-2009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asiaticoside improves diabetic nephropathy by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis: An <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Lan-Gen Zhuang, Rong Zhang, Guo-Xi Jin, Xiao-Yan Pei, Qiong Wang, Xiao-Xu Ge","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2111","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. Asiaticoside (AC) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic properties, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for DN. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AC against DN and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant pathway.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the renoprotective effects of AC against DN and elucidate the role of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of AC on high glucose (HG)-induced proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were evaluated in rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) <i>in vitro</i>. A streptozotocin-induced DN rat model was established to assess the <i>in vivo</i> impact of AC on renal injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The involvement of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway was examined using pharmacological inhibition studies in the cell model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AC inhibited HG-induced HBZY-1 cell proliferation and significantly improved various indicators of DN in rats, including reduced body weight, and elevated blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and 24-h urine protein. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies demonstrated that AC decreased inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels while increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, AC suppressed the expression of fibrogenic markers such as collagen I, collagen IV, and fibronectin. AC activated NRF2 expression in the nucleus and increased HO-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (Quinone) 1 protein expression in renal tissues and HG-induced HBZY-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AC improves DN by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis through the activation of the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings not only highlight AC as a promising therapeutic candidate for DN but also underscore the potential of targeting the NRF2/HO-1 pathway in developing novel treatments for other chronic kidney diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 10","pages":"2111-2122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}