{"title":"Glymphatic system function in diverse glucose metabolism states.","authors":"Haewon Byeon","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2245","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes globally necessitates a deeper understanding of associated complications, including glymphatic system dysfunction. The glymphatic system, crucial for brain waste clearance, is implicated in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. This letter explores recent research on glymphatic function across different glucose metabolism states. Tian <i>et al</i>'s study reveals significant glymphatic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, evidenced by lower diffusion tensor imaging analysis along perivascular space indices compared to those with normal glucose metabolism and prediabetes. The research also reveals a link between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Additional research underscores the role of glymphatic impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. These findings highlight the importance of integrating glymphatic health into diabetes management and suggest potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2245-2250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macrophages: Key players in diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Xin Zhou, Yan-Ling Guo, Chuan Xu, Jun Wang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2177","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we discuss the article by Wen <i>et al</i> published. Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent and serious complications of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and often leading to disability or death, thereby placing a heavy burden on society. Effective diabetic wound healing is hindered by an imbalance in macrophage polarization; many macrophages fail to transition from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which is crucial for tissue remodelling and repair. The wound healing process is both dynamic and complex. Healthy M1 macrophages, which have strong phagocytic abilities, are vital during the inflammatory phase of diabetic wound healing. However, the failure to transition to M2 macrophages during the proliferative phase hinders wound healing. We anticipate the development of new therapies that can repair damaged M1 macrophages during the inflammatory phase and promote M2 macrophage polarization during the proliferative phase, thereby enhancing the overall healing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2177-2181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Jie Sun, Xue-Dong An, Yue-Hong Zhang, Shan-Shan Tang, Yu-Ting Sun, Xiao-Min Kang, Lin-Lin Jiang, Xue-Fei Zhao, Qing Gao, Hang-Yu Ji, Feng-Mei Lian
{"title":"Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis may play a critical role in early stages of diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Wen-Jie Sun, Xue-Dong An, Yue-Hong Zhang, Shan-Shan Tang, Yu-Ting Sun, Xiao-Min Kang, Lin-Lin Jiang, Xue-Fei Zhao, Qing Gao, Hang-Yu Ji, Feng-Mei Lian","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2189","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the most common and significant microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), continues to elude effective targeted treatment for vision loss despite ongoing enrichment of the understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms from perspectives such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have indicated that characteristic neuroglial degeneration induced by DM occurs before the onset of apparent microvascular lesions. In order to comprehensively grasp the early-stage pathological changes of DR, the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) will become a crucial focal point for future research into the occurrence and progression of DR. Based on existing evidence, ferroptosis, a form of cell death regulated by processes like ferritinophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, mediates apoptosis in retinal NVU components, including pericytes and ganglion cells. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related factors, including BECN1 and FABP4, may serve as both biomarkers for DR occurrence and development and potentially crucial targets for future effective DR treatments. The aforementioned findings present novel perspectives for comprehending the mechanisms underlying the early-stage pathological alterations in DR and open up innovative avenues for investigating supplementary therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2189-2202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha, José Carlos Gomes-Pinto
{"title":"Diabetes mellitus and comorbidities in elderly people from the Lugu community: A critical-reflective analysis.","authors":"José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha, José Carlos Gomes-Pinto","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2162","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ageing has a close relationship with chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. These pathologies are often associated with changes in eating habits and promote crucial physiological changes which act silently in the long term in the elderly population. Due to the speed of urban development and technological advances, there has been an increase in the population's life expectancy. However, it is essential to know the socio-demographic profile and prevalent comorbidities of the elderly population, which can provide a reliable and broad database to enable the outline of strategies and the promotion of efficient health policies. In this sense, the purpose of this editorial is to contribute to the debate surrounding the article that analysed epidemiological data from the Lugu community. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular pathologies and their comorbidities were the most prevalent conditions in this community. Such data could contribute to develop public policies constructively and assertively, allowing investments in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2162-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Shang, Cai-Yun Yan, Hui Li, Na Liu, Hui-Feng Zhang
{"title":"Tiliroside protects against diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.","authors":"Yan Shang, Cai-Yun Yan, Hui Li, Na Liu, Hui-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2220","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN), affecting half of diabetic patients and contributing significantly to end-stage kidney disease, poses a substantial medical challenge requiring dialysis or transplantation. The nuanced onset and clinical progression of kidney disease in diabetes involve consistent renal function decline and persistent albuminuria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate Tiliroside's (Til) protective effect against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats under diabetic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five groups of six rats each were included in this study: Rats treated with DMSO by intraperitoneal injection as controls, those treated with STZ by intraperitoneal injection, those treated with STZ + Til (25 mg/kg body weight [bwt]) or Til (50 mg/kg bwt), and those treated with anti-diabetic medication glibenclamide (600 μg/kg bwt). Biochemical markers, fasting blood glucose, food intake, kidney weight, antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and renal injury were monitored in different groups. Molecular docking analysis was performed to identify the interactions between Til and its targeted biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Til significantly reduced biochemical markers, fasting blood glucose, food intake, and kidney weight and elevated antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. It also mitigated inflammatory and fibrotic markers, lessened renal injury, and displayed inhibitory potential against crucial markers associated with DN as demonstrated by molecular docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest Til's potential as a therapeutic agent for DN treatment, highlighting its promise for future drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2220-2236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-Wei Shen, Chun-Yong Ji, Xue-Dong Fang, Bo Yang, Tian Zhang, Zheng-Cai Li, Hua-Zhi Li, Zhi-Yi Liu, Jun Tang, Chuan-Wen Liao, Ji-Zhou Lu, Xuan Yang, Xin-Guo Zhang
{"title":"Guidelines and consensus: Jejunoileostomy for diabetes mellitus-surgical norms and expert consensus (2023 version).","authors":"Ji-Wei Shen, Chun-Yong Ji, Xue-Dong Fang, Bo Yang, Tian Zhang, Zheng-Cai Li, Hua-Zhi Li, Zhi-Yi Liu, Jun Tang, Chuan-Wen Liao, Ji-Zhou Lu, Xuan Yang, Xin-Guo Zhang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2182","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose caused by insufficient absolute or relative secretion of insulin. Once diagnosed, patients need long-term treatment with hypoglycemic drugs. Currently, the existing first-line hypoglycemic drugs do not provide effective treatment for DM and its complications. In the past, the first generation and the second generation of weight loss surgery, such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastric surgery, had strict body mass index requirements. Moreover, post-surgery, patients are prone to fluctuating hypoglycemia, gastroesophageal reflux, and dumping syndrome. Hence, the curative effect of this type of surgery was compromised to a certain extent. Jejunoileostomy is a third-generation surgery for patients with DM, which has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, without changing the original gastrointestinal tract structure. Different from previous weight loss surgeries, jejunoileostomy has been clinically observed to delay the development of DM-related complications. Additionally, the postoperative complications are mild and do not affect the patient's quality of life. Based on our clinical observations from multi-center large samples, our team developed a consensus on the operative period and perioperative management of jejunoileostomy as a reference for clinical researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2182-2188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stem cell exosomes: New hope for recovery from diabetic brain hemorrhage.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2264","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in stem cell-derived exosome therapy for diabetic brain hemorrhage are discussed in this editorial, which highlights this therapy's potential for revolutionizing diabetic brain hemorrhage treatment. The paper offers compelling evidence that exosomes can effectively reduce neuroinflammation and promote recovery from diabetic brain hemorrhage. Although these findings are promising, further research is warranted to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to validate the therapeutic potential of exosomes in clinical settings. The findings of this study indicate that continued exploration should be conducted into exosome-based therapies as a novel approach to managing diabetic brain hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2264-2271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting neuronal PAS domain protein 2 and KN motif/ankyrin repeat domains 1: Advances in type 2 diabetes therapy.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2173","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial summarizes the latest literature on the roles of neuronal PAS domain protein 2 and KN motif/ankyrin repeat domain 1 in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We highlight their involvement in β-cell dysfunction, explore their potential as therapeutic targets, and discuss the implications for new treatment strategies. We offer valuable insights into relevant gene regulation and cellular mechanisms relevant for the targeted management of T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2173-2176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sony Sinha, Prateek Nishant, Arvind K Morya, Arshi Singh
{"title":"Relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness and its clinical implications.","authors":"Sony Sinha, Prateek Nishant, Arvind K Morya, Arshi Singh","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2251","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The retrospective study by Lei <i>et al</i> is an investigation of the relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in Chinese patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Elements of the study design prevent the generalizability of the study findings, limiting their clinical implications. We recommend consideration of stricter eligibility criteria, other variables like duration of diabetes, interpretation of gender-differences in SFCT, longitudinal follow-up, use of newer choroidal flow indices, comparison of values with normal controls, subgroup analysis to determine the effect of prior treatment, as well as consideration of various real-world scenarios in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2251-2254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemia response impairment in type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2237","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i11.2237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study critically examines the novel findings presented by Jin <i>et al</i>, which explores the role of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in mice with type 1 diabetes. The study identifies intestinal GLP-1 as a significant determinant in the physiological responses to hypoglycemia, offering new insights into its potential implications for diabetes management. The editorial synthesizes these findings, discusses their relevance in the context of current diabetes research, and outlines potential avenues for future investigation of intestinal GLP-1 as a therapeutic target. This analysis underscores the need for continued research into the complex mechanisms underlying impaired hypoglycemia responses and highlights the potential of targeting intestinal GLP-1 pathways in therapeutic strategies for type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 11","pages":"2237-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}