Grey Systems-Theory and Application最新文献

{"title":"Improving electricity demand forecasting accuracy: a novel grey-genetic programming approach using GMC(1,N) and residual sign estimation","authors":"Flavian Emmanuel Sapnken, Benjamin Salomon Diboma, Ali Khalili Tazehkandgheshlagh, Mohammed Hamaidi, Prosper Gopdjim Noumo, Yong Wang, Jean Gaston Tamba","doi":"10.1108/gs-01-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper addresses the challenges associated with forecasting electricity consumption using limited data without making prior assumptions on normality. The study aims to enhance the predictive performance of grey models by proposing a novel grey multivariate convolution model incorporating residual modification and residual genetic programming sign estimation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The research begins by constructing a novel grey multivariate convolution model and demonstrates the utilization of genetic programming to enhance prediction accuracy by exploiting the signs of forecast residuals. Various statistical criteria are employed to assess the predictive performance of the proposed model. The validation process involves applying the model to real datasets spanning from 2001 to 2019 for forecasting annual electricity consumption in Cameroon.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The novel hybrid model outperforms both grey and non-grey models in forecasting annual electricity consumption. The model's performance is evaluated using MAE, MSD, RMSE, and R², yielding values of 0.014, 101.01, 10.05, and 99% respectively. Results from validation cases and real-world scenarios demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. The combination of genetic programming and grey convolution model offers a significant improvement over competing models. Notably, the dynamic adaptability of genetic programming enhances the model's accuracy by mimicking expert systems' knowledge and decision-making, allowing for the identification of subtle changes in electricity demand patterns.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper introduces a novel grey multivariate convolution model that incorporates residual modification and genetic programming sign estimation. The application of genetic programming to enhance prediction accuracy by leveraging forecast residuals represents a unique approach. The study showcases the superiority of the proposed model over existing grey and non-grey models, emphasizing its adaptability and expert-like ability to learn and refine forecasting rules dynamically. The potential extension of the model to other forecasting fields is also highlighted, indicating its versatility and applicability beyond electricity consumption prediction in Cameroon.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting hospital outpatient volume using an optimized medical two-stage hybrid grey model","authors":"Youyang Ren, Yuhong Wang, Lin Xia, Wei Liu, Ran Tao","doi":"10.1108/gs-01-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Forecasting outpatient volume during a significant security crisis can provide reasonable decision-making references for hospital managers to prevent sudden outbreaks and dispatch medical resources on time. Based on the background of standard hospital operation and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) periods, this paper constructs a hybrid grey model to forecast the outpatient volume to provide foresight decision support for hospital decision-makers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper proposes an improved hybrid grey model for two stages. In the non-COVID-19 stage, the Aquila Optimizer (AO) is selected to optimize the modeling parameters. Fourier correction is applied to revise the stochastic disturbance. In the COVID-19 stage, this model adds the COVID-19 impact factor to improve the grey model forecasting results based on the dummy variables. The cycle of the dummy variables modifies the COVID-19 factor.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>This paper tests the hybrid grey model on a large Chinese hospital in Jiangsu. The fitting MAPE is 2.48%, and the RMSE is 16463.69 in the training group. The test MAPE is 1.91%, and the RMSE is 9354.93 in the test group. The results of both groups are better than those of the comparative models.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The two-stage hybrid grey model can solve traditional hospitals' seasonal outpatient volume forecasting and provide future policy formulation references for sudden large-scale epidemics.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The grey decision model and its application based on generalized greyness of interval grey number","authors":"Li Li, Xican Li","doi":"10.1108/gs-01-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>In order to solve the decision-making problem that the attributive weight and attributive value are both interval grey numbers, this paper tries to construct a multi-attribute grey decision-making model based on generalized greyness of interval grey number.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Firstly, according to the nature of the generalized gresness of interval grey number, the generalized weighted greyness distance between interval grey numbers is given, and the transformation relationship between greyness distance and real number distance is analyzed. Then according to the objective function that the square sum of generalized weighted greyness distances from the decision scheme to the best scheme and the worst scheme is the minimum, a multi-attribute grey decision-making model is constructed, and the simplified form of the model is given. Finally, the grey decision-making model proposed in this paper is applied to the evaluation of technological innovation capability of 6 provinces in China to verify the effectiveness of the model.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show that the grey decision-making model proposed in this paper has a strict mathematical foundation, clear physical meaning, simple calculation and easy programming. The application example shows that the grey decision model in this paper is feasible and effective. The research results not only enrich the grey system theory, but also provide a new way for the decision-making problem that the attributive weights and attributive values are interval grey numbers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The decision-making model proposed in this paper does not need to seek the optimal solution of the attributive weight and the attributive value, and can save the decision-making labor and capital investment. The model in this paper is also suitable for the decision-making problem that deals with the coexistence of interval grey numbers and real numbers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The paper succeeds in realizing the multi-attribute grey decision-making model based on generalized gresness and its simplified forms, which provide a new method for grey decision analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel fractional multivariate grey prediction model for forecasting hydroelectricity consumption","authors":"Ye Li, Hongtao Ren, Junjuan Liu","doi":"10.1108/gs-09-2023-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-09-2023-0095","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to enhance the prediction accuracy of hydroelectricity consumption in China, with a focus on addressing the challenges posed by complex and nonlinear characteristics of the data. A novel grey multivariate prediction model with structural optimization is proposed to overcome the limitations of existing grey forecasting methods.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper innovatively introduces fractional order and nonlinear parameter terms to develop a novel fractional multivariate grey prediction model based on the NSGM(1, N) model. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is then utilized to compute the model’s hyperparameters. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to forecast China’s hydroelectricity consumption and is compared with other models for analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Theoretical derivation results demonstrate that the new model has good compatibility. Empirical results indicate that the FMGM(1, N, a) model outperforms other models in predicting the hydroelectricity consumption of China. This demonstrates the model’s effectiveness in handling complex and nonlinear data, emphasizing its practical applicability.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>This paper introduces a scientific and efficient method for forecasting hydroelectricity consumption in China, particularly when confronted with complexity and nonlinearity. The predicted results can provide a solid support for China’s hydroelectricity resource development scheduling and planning.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The primary contribution of this paper is to propose a novel fractional multivariate grey prediction model that can handle nonlinear and complex series more effectively.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting of aging population density by a hybrid grey exponential smoothing model (HGESM): a case study from Sri Lanka","authors":"R.M. Kapila Tharanga Rathnayaka, D.M.K.N. Seneviratna","doi":"10.1108/gs-01-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The global population has been experiencing an unprecedentedly rapid demographic transition as the populations have been growing older in many countries during the current decades. The purpose of this study is to introduce a Grey Exponential Smoothing model (GESM)-based mechanism for analyzing population aging.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>To analyze the aging population of Sri Lanka, initially, three major indicators were considered, i.e. total population, aged population and proportion of the aged population to reflect the aging status of a country. Based on the latest development of computational intelligence with Grey techniques, this study aims to develop a new analytical model for the analysis of the challenge of disabled and frail older people in an aging society.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results suggested that a well-defined exponential trend has been seen for the population ages 65 and above, a total of a million) during 1960–2022; especially, the aging population ages 65 and above has been rising rapidly since 2008. This will increase to 24.8% in 2040 and represents the third highest percentage of elderly citizens living in an Asian country. By 2041, one in every four Sri Lankans is expected to be elderly.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The study proposed a GESM-based mechanism for analyzing the population aging in Sri Lanka based on the data from 1960 to 2022 and forecast the aging demands in the next five years from 2024 to 2028.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of emergency assembly points in a campus using grey p-median linear programming model","authors":"Damla Yalçıner Çal, Erdal Aydemir","doi":"10.1108/gs-12-2023-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2023-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The purpose of this paper is to propose a scenario-based grey methodology using clustering and optimizing with imprecise and uncertain body size data in an emergency assembly point area to assign the people on a campus to reach the emergency assembly points under uncertain disaster times.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Grey clustering and a new grey p-median linear programming model are developed to determine which units to assign to the pre-determined assembly points for a main campus in case of a disaster. The models have two scenarios: 70 and 100% occurrence capacities of administrative and academic personnel and students.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>In this study, the academic and administrative units have been assigned to determine five different emergency assembly points on the main campus by using the numbers of the academic and administrative personnel and student and distances of the units to the assembly point areas of each other. The alternative solutions are obtained effectively by evaluating capacity utilization rates in the scenarios.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>It is often unclear when disasters can occur and therefore, a preliminary preparation time must be required to minimize the risk. In the case of natural, man-made (unnatural) or technological disasters, the people are required to defend themselves and move away from the disaster area as soon as possible in a proper direction. The proposed assignment model yields a final solution that effectively eliminates uncertainty regarding the selection of emergency assembly points for administrative and academic staff as well as students, in the event of disasters.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Grey clustering suggests an assignment plan and concurrently, an investigation is underway utilizing the grey p-median linear programming model. This investigation aims to optimize various scenarios and body sizes concerning emergency assembly areas. All campus users who are present at the disaster in units of the campus are getting uncertainty about which emergency assembly point to use, and with this study, the vital risks aim to be ultimately reduced with reasonable plans.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience evaluation model of photovoltaic industry chain based on grey-entropy-catastrophe progression method: a case study of Jiangsu province","authors":"Lan Xu, Yaofei Wang","doi":"10.1108/gs-09-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-09-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The purpose of this study is to establish a grey-entropy-catastrophe progression method (CPM) model to assess the photovoltaic (PV) industry chain resilience of Jiangsu Province in China.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>First, we designed the resilience evaluation index system of such a chain from two aspects: the external environment and internal conditions. We then constructed a PV industry chain resilience evaluation model based on the grey-entropy-CPM. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed model were verified via an empirical case study analysis of Jiangsu Province in China.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>As of the end of 2022, the resilience level of its PV industry chain is medium-high resilience, which indicates a high degree of adaptability to the current unpredictable and competitive market, and can respond to the uncertain impact of changes in conditions effectively and in a timely manner.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The construction of this model can provide reference ideas for related enterprises in the PV industry to analyze the resilience level of the industrial chain and solve the problem of industrial chain resilience.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Firstly, an analysis of the entire industrial chain structure of the PV industry, combined with its unique characteristics is needed to design a PV industry chain resilience evaluation index system. Second, grey relational analysis (GRA) and the entropy method were adopted to improve the importance of ranking the indicators in the evaluation of the CPM, and a resilience evaluation model based on grey-entropy-CPM was constructed.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damping accumulative NDAGM(1,N, α) power model and its applications","authors":"Ye Li, Chengyun Wang, Junjuan Liu","doi":"10.1108/gs-12-2023-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2023-0117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>In this essay, a new NDAGM(1,N,α) power model is recommended to resolve the hassle of the distinction between old and new information, and the complicated nonlinear traits between sequences in real behavior systems.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Firstly, the correlation aspect sequence is screened via a grey integrated correlation degree, and the damped cumulative generating operator and power index are introduced to define the new model. Then the non-structural parameters are optimized through the genetic algorithm. Finally, the pattern is utilized for the prediction of China’s natural gas consumption, and in contrast with other models.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>By altering the unknown parameters of the model, theoretical deduction has been carried out on the newly constructed model. It has been discovered that the new model can be interchanged with the traditional grey model, indicating that the model proposed in this article possesses strong compatibility. In the case study, the NDAGM(1,N,α) power model demonstrates superior integrated performance compared to the benchmark models, which indirectly reflects the model’s heightened sensitivity to disparities between new and old information, as well as its ability to handle complex linear issues.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>This paper provides a scientifically valid forecast model for predicting natural gas consumption. The forecast results can offer a theoretical foundation for the formulation of national strategies and related policies regarding natural gas import and export.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The primary contribution of this article is the proposition of a grey multivariate prediction model, which accommodates both new and historical information and is applicable to complex nonlinear scenarios. In addition, the predictive performance of the model has been enhanced by employing a genetic algorithm to search for the optimal power exponent.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalence class of complete correlation determination of several gray incidence degrees","authors":"Yong Wei, Shasha Xi","doi":"10.1108/gs-12-2023-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2023-0119","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper sets out to solve a common and crucial fundamental theoretical problem of gray incidence cluster analysis: to <span><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>{</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></span> constitute an approximate classification, it must first be proven that <span><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>{</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></span> constitutes a rigorous classification.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper does not study the concrete expressions of various incidence degrees but rather the perfect correlation essence of such incidence degrees, that is, sufficient and necessary conditions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>For any order difference incidence degree, the similarity incidence degree, the direct proportion incidence degree, the parallel incidence degree and the nearness incidence degree, it is proven that the perfect correlation relation is an equivalence relation. The set composed of all sequences <em>Y</em> that are equivalent to sequences <em>X</em> is studied, that is, the equivalence class of <em>X</em>. The structure and mutual relations of these equivalence classes are discussed, and the topological homeomorphism concept of incidence degree is introduced. The conclusion is obtained that the equivalence classes of the two incidence degrees must be the same when the topological homeomorphism is obtained.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>In this paper, only the perfect correlation relation of any order difference incidence degree, the similarity incidence degree, the direct proportion incidence degree, the parallel incidence degree and the nearness incidence degree are studied as equivalent relations.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Not only are the research results of several incidence degrees involved in this paper original but also many other effective incidence degrees have not done this basic research, so this paper opens up a research direction with theoretical significance.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral estimation model of soil organic matter content based on principal gradient grey information","authors":"Lu Xu, Shuang Cao, Xican Li","doi":"10.1108/gs-12-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>In order to explore a new estimation approach of hyperspectral estimation, this paper aims to establish a hyperspectral estimation model of soil organic matter content with the principal gradient grey information based on the grey information theory.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Firstly, the estimation factors are selected by transforming the spectral data. The eigenvalue matrix of the modelling samples is converted into grey information matrix by using the method of increasing information and taking large, and the principal gradient grey information of modelling samples is calculated by using the method of pro-information interpolation and straight-line interpolation, respectively, and the hyperspectral estimation model of soil organic matter content is established. Then, the positive and inverse grey relational degree are used to identify the principal gradient information quantity of the test samples corresponding to the known patterns, and the cubic polynomial method is used to optimize the principal gradient information quantity for improving estimation accuracy. Finally, the established model is used to estimate the soil organic matter content of Zhangqiu and Jiyang District of Jinan City, Shandong Province.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show that the model has the higher estimation accuracy, among the average relative error of 23 test samples is 5.7524%, and the determination coefficient is 0.9002. Compared with the commonly used methods such as multiple linear regression, support vector machine and BP neural network, the hyperspectral estimation accuracy of soil organic matter content is significantly improved. The application example shows that the estimation model proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The estimation model in this paper not only fully excavates and utilizes the internal grey information of known samples with “insufficient and incomplete information”, but also effectively overcomes the randomness and grey uncertainty in the spectral estimation. The research results not only enrich the grey system theory and methods, but also provide a new approach for hyperspectral estimation of soil properties such as soil organic matter content, water content and so on.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The paper succeeds in realizing both a new hyperspectral estimation model of soil organic matter content based on the principal gradient grey information and effectively dealing with the randomness and grey uncertainty in spectral estimation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48597,"journal":{"name":"Grey Systems-Theory and Application","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}