Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Serum Cystatin S (CST4): A Novel Prognostic Marker for Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Chao Gu, Shan Chen, Lining Huang, Chenliang Cao, Renshun Yuan, Zhongyang Kou, Weiwei Chen, Haihua Shi, Xiaodong Gu","doi":"10.1177/11795549241311404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795549241311404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum Cystatin S (CST4), a secretory protein that inhibits cellular matrix degradation, significantly influences the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of serum CST4 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study aims to explore serum CST4's utility in GC prognostic assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 334 patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy was assessed. Preoperative serum CST4 levels were measured alongside traditional tumor markers, correlating with clinical data and patient outcomes. The cohort was divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 3:1 for Cox regression analyses, which identified CST4 as an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). A prognostic model was developed, validated with calibration curves, and its predictive value was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, CST4 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients were stratified by median CST4 levels, and Kaplan-Meier curves for OS and DFS were plotted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cystatin S was confirmed as an independent risk factor for OS and DFS. Integrating CST4 with traditional markers and TNM pathological staging significantly enhanced the predictive value for prognosis. Cystatin S's impact on tumor progression is likely mediated through modulation of the immune microenvironment, including immune suppression and evasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cystatin S is an effective biomarker for GC prognostic assessment, assisting in the evaluation of prognosis and the selection of treatment strategies for patients with GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795549241311404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Their Relationship With Patient Characteristics in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Lu Zhao, Yongkun Fang, Jingqiu Zhang, Chen Wei, Hao Ji, Jiahao Zhao, Daorong Wang, Dong Tang","doi":"10.1177/11795549241307632","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241307632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiota are associated with the pathological features and development of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, how gut microbiota changes in patients with CRC is unknown. This study investigated the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CRC by retrospectively comparing the structural differences between the gut microbiota of patients with CRC and healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Together with clinical data, we collected fecal samples from patients with CRC (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18) and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and alpha and beta diversity analysis to compare microbiota richness and diversity. Based on the differences in microbiota between the CRC and control groups, we identified disease-specific microbial communities after relevant factors. PICRUSt2 software was used to predict the differential microbial functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CRC and control groups differed in both composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in both groups, while Verrucomicrobi was significantly more abundant in the CRC group. <i>Megamonas</i>, <i>Lachnospira</i>, and <i>Romboutsia</i> were more abundant in the control group; 18 genera differed significantly in abundance between the groups, which were found to involve 21 metabolic pathways. The distribution and abundance of gut microbiota differed significantly between patients with CRC with and without lymph node metastasis; at the genus level, the abundance of <i>Rothia</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> was significantly higher and that of <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i>, and <i>Oscillibacter</i> was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The gut microbiota is altered in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals, with specific changes in the microbiota associated with clinical and pathological features such as tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and tumor differentiation. Our findings elaborate to some extent on the link between the gut microbiota and CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241307632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel-Based PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Youran Dai, Tianyin Ruan, Wenhui Yang, Shan Liu, Jiahao Chen, Yingying Fang, Qiushuang Li","doi":"10.1177/11795549241308072","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241308072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a deadly subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Currently, programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have become the first choice for breast cancer immunotherapies. Despite paclitaxel being considered a cornerstone drug in breast cancer treatment, the effectiveness, safety, and optimal drug selection for its combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors remain uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis, performing a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database through May 18, 2024. Selected trials were those that assessed the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-based PD-1/PD-L1 therapies for the treatment of TNBC. The primary endpoint assessed was overall survival (OS), while secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), overall response rate (ORR), and Pathological complete response (pCR). This study is registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42023429651.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8 RCTs meeting our eligibility criteria were included, involving 4626 patients who received either Paclitaxel (Paclitaxel-placebo/chemotherapy) or a combination of durvalumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, toripalimab with paclitaxel. The pooled results demonstrated that Durvalumab combined with Paclitaxel significantly reduced the hazard ratio for OS (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA]: 91.05%) and PFS compared with Paclitaxel alone (SUCRA: 83.52%). Additionally, Durvalumab plus Paclitaxel significantly improved the ORR compared with Paclitaxel (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.10-5.20). For safety outcomes, Atezolizumab plus Paclitaxel showed a favorable profile in AEs, with no significant differences observed between groups. In the pCR study, Pembrolizumab plus Paclitaxel was the most effective treatment option (SUCRA: 81.85%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When combined with paclitaxel, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors exhibit a favorable survival benefit. The combination of Durvalumab and paclitaxel represents the optimal treatment option. In the future, attention should be paid to the TNBC subtypes and drug dosage, as these factors may help to design personalized TNBC treatment programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241308072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Cancer Type on Stroke Incidence: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"İbrahim Acır, Hacı Ali Erdoğan, Ertuğrul Toka, Vildan Yayla","doi":"10.1177/11795549241308090","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241308090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the hematological and biochemical variables in patients diagnosed with cancer-related stroke who have different types of cancer and to evaluate the effects of these variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital stroke center and included 153 patients diagnosed with cancer-related stroke. Comprehensive etiological investigations were performed, and patients were classified according to the Trial of Org 101072 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Laboratory parameters including d-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fibrinogen levels were collected from blood samples taken at the time of stroke. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way analysis of variance to assess differences in laboratory parameters across different cancer types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant variations in hematological and biochemical parameters among different cancer types. Specifically, glomerular filtration rate, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio levels showed significant differences across cancer types (<i>P</i> < 0.05), indicating that these factors may play distinct roles in the pathophysiology of cancer-related strokes. d-dimer, CRP, and sedimentation levels were significantly elevated in certain cancer types such as rectal, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers (<i>P</i> < .01). These findings suggest a strong association between hypercoagulability and increased risk of stroke in these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This retrospective study highlights the importance of considering cancer-specific factors in the management of stroke risk, particularly in cancers such as pancreatic and colon, which show a predisposition to earlier stroke occurrence. The elevated coagulation factors in these patients suggest the potential need for early preventive treatment with anticoagulants or thrombin inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241308090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances in the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.","authors":"Evangelia Vlachou, Burles Avner Johnson, Jean Hoffman-Censits","doi":"10.1177/11795549241290787","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241290787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy has remained the first-line treatment for decades and until recently no other treatment options existed. Today, novel agents called antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), including enfortumab vedotin (EV) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG), have been approved for la/mUC offering patients treatment options following or instead of traditional chemotherapy. The EV consists of the chemotherapy monomethyl auristatin E linked to anti-nectin-4 antibody. Single-agent response rates for EV are 40% to 52% including activity in patients with liver metastases, a phenotype associated with worse outcomes. In 2023, EV in combination with pembrolizumab almost doubled progression-free and overall survival versus platinum-based chemotherapy, which led to accelerated FDA approval as first-line treatment for all patients with la/mUC. Safety profile of EV monotherapy and combination with pembrolizumab is generally manageable with peripheral neuropathy and cutaneous toxicity among the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The SG is another ADC targeting TROP-2 with SN-38 as payload. It is approved as late-line treatment for la/mUC with ORR 27% and most common TRAEs include gastrointestinal symptoms and neutropenia. Finally, a recent cancer agnostic accelerated approval for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-positive (IHC3+) solid tumors provides another active ADC option for biomarker-selected patients with treatment refractory la/mUC. Several new ADCs are being investigated in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. This review summarizes the clinical studies and real-world data regarding the use of ADCs in UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241290787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing Efficiency Tools in Radiotherapy to Increase Patient Flow: A Comprehensive Literature Review.","authors":"Duvern Ramiah, Daniel Mmereki","doi":"10.1177/11795549241303606","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241303606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The promise of novel technologies to increase access to radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is crucial, given that the cost of equipping new radiotherapy centres or upgrading existing machinery remains a major obstacle to expanding access to cancer treatment. The study aims to provide a thorough analysis overview of how technological advancement may revolutionize radiotherapy (RT) to improve level of care provided to cancer patients. A comprehensive literature review following some steps of systematic review (SLR) was performed using the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases. The study findings are classified into different technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge-based planning, remote planning, radiotherapy, and scripting are all ways to increase patient flow across radiation oncology, including initial consultation, treatment planning, delivery, verification, and patient follow-up. This review found that these technologies improve delineation of organ at risks (OARs) and considerably reduce waiting times when compared with conventional treatment planning in RT. In this review, AI, knowledge-based planning, remote radiotherapy treatment planning, and scripting reduced waiting times and improved organ at-risk delineation compared with conventional RT treatment planning. A combination of these technologies may lower cancer patients' risk of disease progression due to reduced workload, quality of therapy, and individualized treatment. Efficiency tools, such as the application of AI, knowledge-based planning, remote radiotherapy planning, and scripting, are urgently needed to reduce waiting times and improve OAR delineation accuracy in cancer treatment compared with traditional treatment planning methods. The study's contribution is to present the potential of technological advancement to optimize RT planning process, thereby improving patient care and resource utilization. The study may be extended in the future to include digital integration and technology's impact on patient safety, outcomes, and risk. Therefore, in radiotherapy, research on more efficient tools pioneers the development and implementation of high-precision radiotherapy for cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241303606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Haibin Chen, Liang Sun, Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Nanyang Tong, Caixing Sun, Liang Xia","doi":"10.1177/11795549241304532","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241304532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain metastases are crucial in cancer progression, requiring focused efforts on the screening, early detection, and treatment. However, accurate forecasting the postoperative prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis remains a challenge. This retrospective study aims to discern the factors that influence the prognosis of such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 151 cases from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were collected. Univariate analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test, while multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Student's t-test and chi-square test were employed to examine the differences between the long-term survival and the short-term survival groups. Ultimately, a predictive model was constructed using R 4.2.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis identified 12 factors as prognostic factors, showing statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, the primary contributing factors to survival were identified as age, chemotherapy of brain metastases, pathology, surgery of nonsmall cell lung cancer, targeted drugs, and GPA score. Comparing long-term and short-term groups, age, pathology, surgery of lung, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy of brain metastases were statistically differentiating factors. Based on multivariate analysis, we established a clinical predictive model predicting 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Younger age, receiving chemotherapy for brain metastases, adenocarcinoma pathology, lung cancer surgery, targeted therapy, and a high GPA score are associated with longer survival. This model predicts the survival period for patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis after surgery and helps in selecting more effective treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241304532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Biosimilar (Encoda) Compared With Reference Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Real-World Study.","authors":"Han Shan, Mengmeng Wang, Shuohan Huang, Hongyue Liu, Jiyong Liu, Qiong Du","doi":"10.1177/11795549241303726","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241303726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda), which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China in 2019, is a biosimilar of bevacizumab. Approval of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was based on the extrapolation principle of biosimilar. However, there is currently no available data regarding the efficacy and safety of both bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in patients with mCRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present real-world study included patients with mCRC who received first-line therapy with either bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) or bevacizumab combined with backbone chemotherapy between April 2021 and December 2022. The overall response rate (ORR) was the primary endpoint of the study. Bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) would be considered equivalent to bevacizumab if it met any of the following criteria: the 90% CI for ORR risk ratio of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda): bevacizumab was included within the predefined equivalence range (0.75 to 1.33) as specified by the NMPA or within the predefined equivalence range (0.73 to 1.36) as specified by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the 95% CI for the ORR risk difference of 2 groups was included within the predefined equivalence range (-0.12 to 0.15) as specified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 436 patients, with 234 receiving bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and 202 receiving bevacizumab. The ORR was 42.3% (95% CI: 35.9% to 48.9%) in the bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) group and 42.1% (95% CI: 35.2% to 49.2%) in the bevacizumab group. The ORR risk ratio and risk difference were 1.005 (90% CI: 0.836 to 1.210) and 0.002 (95% CI: -0.091 to 0.095), respectively, both included within the prespecified equivalence range. The overall safety profile was comparable between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This real-world study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in first-line treatment of mCRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241303726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th9 and Th17 Cells in Human Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Dysplastic Lesions.","authors":"Guanglin Cui, Aping Yuan, Sveinung W Sørbye, Jon Florholmen","doi":"10.1177/11795549241301358","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241301358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation is the most important deriving force for the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) through the Inflammation-Pretumor dysplasia-CAC sequence. T helper (Th) subsets Th9 and Th17 cells can potentially stimulate inflammation in the ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, Th9 and Th17 cells may play a promoting role in the colitis-associated dysplasia (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we evaluated the presentation patterns and densities of T lymphocytes, Th9 and Th17 cells in human UC and CAD tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A general increasing trend of CD3-positive T lymphocytes, P.U.1-positive Th9 and interleukin (IL)-17A-positive Th17 cells was illustrated throughout the normal-UC-CAD sequence, IHC images showed that these cells were very prominent in the lamina propria, and some cells were also observed in the epithelium in the CAD tissues. Density analysis revealed that numbers of Th9 and Th17 cells were progressively increased in the CAD tissues as compared with the UC and control tissues. In general, densities of Th9 and Th17 cells in the lamina propria were slightly higher in the non-adenoma-like dysplasia (NALD) tissues than that in the adenoma-like dysplasia (ALD) tissues. However, densities of neither Th9 nor Th17 cells in both the ALD and NALD subgroups were associated with the degree of dysplasia in CAD lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accumulated Th9 and Th17 cells contribute to the immune cellular composition in the CAD tissues and may represent the early conditional change for the Dysplasia-CAC transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241301358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Bispecific Antibodies in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs): Review of Literature.","authors":"Amr Mohamed, Mai Elhawi, Marcus Trybula, Mohamed Elshawy, Sakti Chakrabarti, Eva Selfridge, Sylvia L Asa","doi":"10.1177/11795549241285213","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795549241285213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with an increasing incidence in the last few decades. Despite therapeutic advances in the management of GEP-NENs, resistance to many of these treatments has made their management a great challenge. One of the most recent advances in oncologic therapy is targeting multiple receptors simultaneously and engaging immune cells in the tumor microenvironment through bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Since the FDA approval of the anti-CD3 × anti CD19 BsAb blinatumomab, for management of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, around a hundred different BsAbs have been developed and tested in various clinical trials. In this article, we review the current development of BsAbs developed or being currently tested for the management of GEP-NENs, their mechanism of action, current results from ongoing trials, toxicities, and upcoming trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48591,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Oncology","volume":"18 ","pages":"11795549241285213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}