BMC Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Synergist response of the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) to some ammonium based proteinaceous food bait attractants.","authors":"Muhammad Hasnain, Shafqat Saeed, Unsar Naeem Ullah, Sami Ullah, Syed Muhammad Zaka","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00178-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00178-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under the family Tephritidae, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is a serious pest, attacking fruits and vegetables causing large quantitative and qualitative damages throughout the world. Fruit flies require proteinaceous food for sexual maturation and egg development. Therefore, food bait attractants are frequently utilized for fruit fly detection, monitoring, mass trapping, and control. Using a Y-shape olfactometer (behavioral tests), we selected the best synthetic proteinaceous food bait attractants to volatiles identified by fruit fly antennae. The responses of B. zonata adults, male and female, to some ammonium compounds (ammonium acetate (AA), trimethylamine (TMA), and putrescine) that were mixed with certain food attractants were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Using flies ranging in age from 5 to 30 days, possible mixtures were discovered that might be useful in developing fruit fly attractants for both males and females. So, four base baits were developed by mixing protein hydrolysate with jaggery, papaya powder, kachri powder, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and guava pulp. Finally, thirty-two (32) synthetic blends were developed when the above four base baits were mixed with synthetic attractants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The olfactometer bioassay indicated that protein hydrolysate and jaggery-based baits were effective in attracting both male and female flies throughout their adult lives when combined with AA + putrescine (Bait 6) and AA + TMA + putrescine (Bait 8). Similarly, protein hydrolysate + guava pulp-based baits combined with AA + putrescine (Bait 6) and AA + TMA + putrescine (Bait 8) was effective in attracting both male and female flies from 5 to 30 days of age. The pH of all 32 synthetic blends was measured and ranged from 4.77 to 11.35.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to our observation, the variation in pH may be due to differences in chemical composition between the attractants and food constituents. The pH of protein bait attractants may be an important factor in the attraction efficiency of B. zonata males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10476385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10158662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and abundance of birds in dumpsites of Afar region, Ethiopia: implication for conservation.","authors":"Weldemariam Tesfahunegny, Alembrhan Assefa","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00177-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00177-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dumpsites play key role in conservation of birds. A study was conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of birds in dumpsites of Afar region, Ethiopia from August, 2019 to March, 2020, covering both the wet and dry seasons. A total of nine dumpsites that contain domestic wastes found in different towns of Afar region were selected. Point count technique was employed to identify and count the birds. Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to estimate species diversity and Two-way ANOVA was used to test birds' species richness and abundance variation across dumpsites and seasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 bird species consisting of one endemic and 10 globally threatened species were recorded. Red-billed Quelea, Marabou Stork and Egyptian Vulture were the most abundant species. There was a significant difference in bird species richness and abundance among dumpsites (F = 8.44, df = 8, P < 0.05) and F = 15.507, df = 8, P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, a significant difference in abundance was also observed between the two seasons (F = 19.339, df = 1, P < 0.05). The highest species diversity (H' = 3.18) was observed during wet season in Abala and Afambo dumpsites and the highest species evenness (E = 0.86) was observed during dry season in Afdera.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bird species diversity and abundance among dumpsites was high, and man-made disturbance are main threats for conservation of birds in the area. Therefore, conservation measures are needed to maintain survival of birds mainly the globally threatened species. Moreover, proper management of dumpsites is vital to support the waste dependent birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10523533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the male reproductive system and sperm ultrastructure of the green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).","authors":"Xiaoping Liu, Xingkai Guo, Yanjiao Feng, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, Yuyan Li, Jianjun Mao","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00175-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00175-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chrysopa pallens is one of the most beneficial and effective natural predators, and is famous for its extensive distribution, wide prey spectrum, and excellent reproductive performance. This study examined the anatomy and fine structure of the C. pallens reproductive system and spermatogenesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The male reproductive system of C. pallens comprises a pair of testes, a vas deferens, seminal vesicles, accessory glands, and short ejaculatory ducts. The testes were already mature on the day of emergence, but the accessory glands did not mature until 5 days post-emergence. In early spermatids, the flagellum had an axoneme on one side of the two mitochondrial derivatives. The nucleus was surrounded by parallel crystalline and paracrystalline materials. The spermatid envelope extends towards the paracrystalline material in a tail-shaped wing. In mature spermatids, the axoneme is located between the two accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivative sets. The parallel-crystalline and paracrystalline materials disappeared. In the testes, the wall of seminal cysts consists of a layer of epithelium, a muscular-connective sheath, and several vesicles of different sizes. The mature seminal cysts contained 128 spermatozoa. The accessory gland is composed of six parts: ventral papilla-like protuberance, anterior glandular lobe, lateral glandular lobe, seminal cyst, posterior kidney-shaped lobe, and posterior papilla-like protuberance. Muscle fibers and secretory granules are extensive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides information on the reproductive system of C. pallens and offers a resource for taxonomy and reproductive biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10119223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the genus Sparasion Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Sparasionidae) of the Oriental region with descriptions of new species from India.","authors":"Kamalanathan Veenakumari, Andrew Polaszek, Roberto Poggi, Kolla Sreedevi, Prashanth Mohanraj, Farmanur Rahman Khan, Gundappa Baradevanal","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00169-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00169-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genus Sparasion, endoparasitoids of Tettigoniidae, occur in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions. It is absent in the Neotropics and Australasia. Of the thirteen species found in the Oriental region only a single species is from India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two new species groups - Sparasion bilahari species group and Sparasion manavati species group - are proposed for species from the Oriental region. Thirty-six species are described and illustrated of which twenty-four are new: Sparasion albopilosellus Cameron, 1906 (Pakistan); S. bhairavi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. bhupali Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. bihagi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. bilahari Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. cellularis Strand, 1913 (Taiwan); S. coconcus Kozlov and Lê, 2000 (Vietnam); S. coeruleus Kieffer, 1905 (Sumatra); S. cullaris Kozlov and Lê, 2000 (Vietnam); S. darbari Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. deepaki Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. domes Kozlov and Lê, 2000 (Vietnam); S. elbakyanae Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. formosus Kieffer, 1910 (Taiwan); S. hindoli Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. kalyani Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. kanakangi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. karivadana Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. lividus Johnson, Masner & Musetti, 2008 (Philippines); S. manavati Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. meghmalhari Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. micromerus Kozlov and Lê, 2000 (Vietnam); S. pahadi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. philippinensis Kieffer, 1913 (Philippines); S. ratnangi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. rupavati Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. salagami Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. shulini Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. sinensis Walker, 1852 (China); S. sivaranjini Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. syamalangi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. todi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. travancoricus Mani and Sharma, 1981 (India); S. vanaspati Veenakumari, sp. n. (India); S. visvambari Veenakumari, sp. n. (India) and S. zeelafi Veenakumari, sp. n. (India). Keys to Oriental species of Sparasion are furnished. Intrasexual colour morphs among females of Sparasion is reported. Lectotype is designated for Sparasion cellularis Strand.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Twenty-four new species are added to the Indian fauna of Sparasion. Previously described species of Oriental Sparasion are redescribed and illustrated. Keys are furnished for all Oriental species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10116769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of morphological traits on body weight and analysis of growth-related genes of Parabramis pekinensis at different ages.","authors":"Wentao Xu, Yaming Feng, Zhengyan Gu, Shuanglin Zhang, Zhijing Yang, Ye Xu, Hailong Gu","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00174-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00174-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parabramis pekinensis was treated as research object in order to investigate the correlation between morphological traits and body weight. We measured 9 morphological indexes including total length (X₁), body length (X₂), body height (X₃), head length (X₄), snout length (X₅), eye diameter (X₆), eye distance (X₇), caudal stalk length (X₈) and caudal stalk height (X₉). The principal morphological traits affecting body weight were screened out and the regression equation was established. The regression equation of Y1 (age 1 group) shape character (X) and weight (Y) was Y = - 169.183 + 32.544 × ₃ + 10.263 × ₄ + 15.655 × ₇. The regression equation of Y2 (age 2 group) shape character (X) and weight (Y) was Y = - 694.082 + 7.725 × ₁ + 72.822 × ₃ + 77.023 × ₆, the regression equation of Y3 (age 3 group) shape character (X) and weight (Y) was Y = - 1161.512 + 26.062 × ₁ + 22.319 × ₂- 107.218 × ₅ + 83.901 × ₇. Gene expression was consistent with these conclusions. TOR signaling pathway expression raised in Y1 then width increased. And GH-IGF-1 signaling pathway expression raised in Y2 then the length increased. In conclusion, the paper could prove that P. pekinensis showed a growth trend, which was increasing width first and length later. In some sense, the study not only enriched the basic biological data of P. pekinensis, but also provided waiting morphological traits for selective breeding of P. pekinensis artificial breeding in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10119462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart ventricles of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius): new insights from sectional anatomy, 3D computed tomography, and morphometry.","authors":"Mohamed A M Alsafy, Samir A A El-Gendy, Basma M Kamal, Catrin S Rutland, Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez, Soha Soliman, Ahmed N ELKhamary, Ahmed G Nomir","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00173-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00173-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dromedary camel heart morphology is a crucial research topic with clinical applications. The study aims to understand the dromedary camel anatomy, morphology, and architecture of the ventricular mass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sagittal and transverse gross sections were compared to sagittal, transverse, and 3D render volume reconstruction computed tomography (CT) scans. The subepicardial fat, which covered the heart base, the coronary groove (sulcus coronarius), the left longitudinal interventricular groove (sulcus interventricularis paraconalis), and the right longitudinal interventricular groove (sulcus interventricularis subsinuosus), had a relatively low density with a homogeneous appearance in the 3D render volume CT. The pericardium in the color cardiac window was identified better than the black and white window (ghost). Transverse and sagittal CT scans demonstrated the internal structures of the heart, including the right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare dextrum), right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum), and aortic orifice (ostium aortae), chordae tendineae, the cusps of the valves (cuspis valvae), and the papillary muscles (musculi papillares). The papillary muscle (musculi papillares) was presented with a more moderate density than the rest of the heart, and the cusps of the valves (cuspis valvae) had a lower density. The ventricular wall (margo ventricularis) exhibited different densities: the outer part was hyperdense, while the inner part was hypodense. The thicknesses of the ventricular mural wall and the interventricular septum (septum atrioventriculare) were highest at the midpoint of the ventricular mass, and the lowest value was present toward the apical part. The coronary groove (sulcus coronarius) circumference measured 51.14 ± 0.72 cm, and the fat in the coronary groove (sulcus coronarius) (56 ± 6.55 cm²) represented 28.7% of the total cross-sectional area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study provided more information about ventricular mass measurements by gross and CT analysis on the heart, which provides a valuable guide for future cardiac CT investigations in camels in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10436409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10404573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of rainbow shrimp, exotic species Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862), in the Brazilian coastal amazon, validated by DNA barcode.","authors":"Charles Samuel Moraes Ferreira, David Carvalho de Mesquita, Ítalo Antônio de Freitas Lutz, Ivana Barbosa Veneza, Thaís Sousa Martins, Paula da Conceição Praxedes Santana, Josy Alessandra Barreto Miranda, Jefferson Miranda de Sousa, Suane Cristina do Nascimento Matos, Francisco Carlos Alberto Fonteles Holanda, Maria Iracilda da Cunha Sampaio, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista-Gomes","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00176-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-023-00176-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the first record of the alien shrimp Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil. The invasion was detected within Marine Extractive Reserves based on eight specimens accidentally caught by local fishermen using trawlnets focused on fisheries of native species. These specimens were transported to the Laboratory of Applied Genetics and morphologically identified as Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (rainbow shrimp). The taxonomic status of analyzed samples was confirmed by DNA barcoding using a 627-bp fragment of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single haplotype was recovered from the eight specimens, being identical to a haplotype reported in India, where this species naturally occurs, and in Mozambique, where the rainbow shrimp is considered an invasive species. The present analyses indicated a putative invasive route (i.e., India-Mozambique-Brazil) mediated by shipping trade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the first record of Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil, in areas of extractive reserves on the Amazon coast. Notably exotic species can cause imbalance in the ecosystem, harming native species. In view of this, the registration of new invasions is essential as they contribute to the implementation of control plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10416461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10340127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of ovarian development in wild and captive-reared long-whiskered Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822).","authors":"Muhammad Anamul Kabir,&nbsp;Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal,&nbsp;Shishir Kumar Nandi,&nbsp;Mahbuba Khanam,&nbsp;Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon,&nbsp;Albaris B Tahiluddin,&nbsp;Zulhisyam Abdul Kari,&nbsp;Lee Seong Wei,&nbsp;Guillermo Téllez-Isaías","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00172-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-023-00172-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-whiskered catfish Sperata aor is a freshwater catfish known for its supreme flesh quality and fast growth, whose captive-reared broodstock denotes a difficult challenge for aquaculture. The reproductive dysfunctions in long-whiskered catfish raised in tank conditions were observed by comparing tissue biochemical composition and ovarian histology of wild female broodstock. Sixty (60) female broodstocks were used in the current study, consisting of 30 reared at sandy-muddy soil tank bottoms in captive conditions and 30 wild individuals collected from the haor basin during the breeding season. The fish reproductive state was investigated using the biometric and reproductive parameters, biochemical composition and levels of amino acids in the different tissues, and histological analysis of ovarian development. Results revealed that the biometrical parameters of wild and captive female broodstocks exhibited no remarkable difference (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the wild fish had remarkably higher (p < 0.05) GSI (8.73%), oocyte weight (0.45 mg/egg), and ripeness (27.08%) in comparison with captive-reared broodstock. The total length and body weight, body weight and ovary weight, ovipositor diameter and ovary weight, and GSI and HSI displayed a positive relationship with R² = 1, R² = 1, R² = 0.993, and R² = 0.973, respectively, for wild broodstock, while R² = 0.994, R² = 0.806, R² = 0.804, and R² = 0.896, respectively, for captive broodstock. Additionally, the proximate composition in oocytes and liver tissues in both broodstocks did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). However, two essential amino acids (EAA), i.e., lysine and phenylalanine, and two non-essential amino acids, i.e., glutamic acid and glycine, were highly significant differences (p < 0.05) in the oocytes and liver of wild broodstock compared to the captive-reared broodstock. On the other hand, the EAA, e.g., isoleucine, threonine, leucine, and arginine, were highly dominated in both wild and captive female brood oocytes and liver. The ovarian histological slides from each fish group showed three oocytes developmental stages that indicated the asynchronous-reproductive ovarian oocytes of this fish. This study may be useful to fully understand the factors affecting the spawning and reproduction of S. aor broodstock, crucial for management in captive conditions as well as conservation and protection for sustainable aquaculture management of S. aor.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10364359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into phylogenetic relationships of Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) including members of Mariplanellida.","authors":"Íñigo Vicente-Hernández,&nbsp;Werner Armonies,&nbsp;Katharina Henze,&nbsp;M Teresa Aguado","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00171-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-023-00171-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous flatworm phylogenetic research has been carried out analysing 18S and 28S DNA markers. Through this methodology, Mariplanellinae subfamily has been recently re-classified as Mariplanellida status novus. This new classification implied that 3 genera belonged to Mariplanellida: Mariplanella, Lonchoplanella and Poseidoplanella. In this study, we aim to clarify some of the relationships within Rhabdocoela analysing 18S and 28S DNA markers of a total of 91 species through Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methodologies. A total of 11 species and genera, including Lonchoplanella, from the island of Sylt are included and had not previously been involved in any molecular phylogenetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our phylogenetic results support Mariplanellida as an independent group within Rhabdocoela and its status as an infraorder. Our study suggests that Lonchoplanella axi belongs to Mariplanellida. Within Rhabdocoela, Haloplanella longatuba is nested within Thalassotyphloplanida, instead of Limnotyphloplanida. Within Kalyptorhynchia, the taxon Eukalyptorhynchia turned out to be paraphyletic including members of Schizorhynchia. These results also support the position of the genus Toia separate from Cicerinidae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lonchoplanella axi belongs to Mariplanellida, whose status as infraorder is herein confirmed. The genus Toia belongs separate from Cicerinidae. Further research is needed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Hoploplanella. Most of the species, genera and families included in this study with more than one terminal are monophyletic and well supported. Adding gene markers and complementary morphological studies will help to clarify those relationships that remain uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10334529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9810272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of endogenous FSH and its receptor on oogenesis and folliculogenesis in female Alligator sinensis.","authors":"Haitao Nie,&nbsp;Yunlu Xu,&nbsp;Yuqian Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Wen,&nbsp;Jixiang Zhan,&nbsp;Yong Xia,&nbsp;Yongkang Zhou,&nbsp;Renping Wang,&nbsp;Xiaobing Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40850-023-00170-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-023-00170-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The precise mechanisms of hormone action responsible for the full course of events modulating folliculogenesis in crocodilian have not been determined, although histological features have been identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Alligator sinensis ovarian morphological characteristics observed at 1, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 300 days post hatching(dph) revealed that the dynamic changes in germ cells varied in different meiotic and developmental stages, confirming that the processes of folliculogenesis were protracted and asynchronous. The presence of endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) mRNA and protein expression within the cerebrum at 1 dph, in parallel with the increase in germ cells within the germ cell nests(Nest) from 1 dph to 15 dph, suggested that endocrine regulation of the pituitary-gonad axis is an early event in oogonia division. Furthermore, the endogenous expression of FSH showed a trend of negative feedback augmentation accompanied by the exhaustion of maternal yolk E₂ observed at 15 dph. Such significant elevation of endogenous FSH levels was observed to be related to pivotal events in the transition from mitosis to meiosis, as reflected by the proportion of oogonia during premeiosis interphase, with endogenous FSH levels reaching a peak at the earliest time step of 1 dph. In addition, the simultaneous upregulation of premeiotic marker STRA8 mRNA expression and the increase in endogenous FSH further verified the above speculation. The strongly FSHr-positive label in the oocytes within Pre-previtellogenic follicles was synchronized with the significant elevation of ovarian cAMP detected at 300 dph, which suggested that diplotene arrest maintenance during early vitellogenesis might be FSH dependent. In addition, preferential selection in asynchronous meiotic initiation has been supposed to act on somatic supportive cells and not directly on germ cells via regulation of FSH that in turn affects downstream estrogen levels. This suggestion was verified by the reciprocal stimulating effect of FSH and E₂ on the accelerated meiotic marker SYCP3 and by the inhibited cell apoptosis demonstrated in ovarian cell culture in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The corresponding results contribute an expansion of the understanding of physiological processes and shed some light on the specific factors responsible for gonadotropin function in the early folliculogenesis of crocodilians.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9755972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}