Agriculture-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Leucine Mitigates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Induced Colonic Damage in Piglets via Suppression of Viral Replication and Restoration of Intestinal Homeostasis","authors":"Muzi Li, Lingling Gan, Jiaxing Wang, Zongyun Li, Zhonghua Li, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Tao Wu, Dan Yi, Yanyan Zhang, Yongqing Hou","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16020161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020161","url":null,"abstract":"The preventive effect of leucine (Leu) against colonic damage in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was examined in this study. Three groups (n = 6) were randomly assigned to eighteen 7-day-old Du-roc × Landrace × Large piglets (body weight [BW] = 2.58 ± 0.05 kg): Control, PEDV-infected (PEDV), and Leu-supplemented + PEDV-infected (Leu + PEDV). Following a three-day period of acclimatization, the Leu + PEDV group was given Leu (400 mg/kg BW) orally every day. On day eight, the PEDV and Leu + PEDV groups were challenged with PEDV, while the Control group was given Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium. Colonic tissues were collected on day 11. PEDV infection induced severe colonic damage by an increase in crypt, disrupting intestinal homeostasis, including impaired barrier integrity (matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 upregulation), mucus disorganization (mucin 5AC elevation), oxidative stress (reduced catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels), inflammation, electrolyte imbalance and enhanced viral replication. Leu supplementation reversed these injuries by alleviating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, inhibiting viral replication and stabilizing ion homeostasis. This study provides a scientific basis for Leu as a nutritional intervention to alleviate PEDV-induced colonic damage in piglets.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"161-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/2/161/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitophagy via the PPARG-UCP2 Pathway in Hu Sheep Mastitis","authors":"Yuzhi Jin, Hui Zhang, Xiaochang Xie, Nana Ma, Xiangzhen Shen","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16010099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010099","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced mastitis poses a significant threat to animal husbandry. This condition triggers sustained mammary inflammation, oxidative stress, and disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately impairing mammary gland function and milk yield. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a long-chain fatty acid found in meat and dairy products derived from ruminants. It exhibits multiple biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress-alleviating effects. Thus, this study sought to determine whether CLA alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis in Hu sheep through the PPARG-UCP2 axis. Fifteen lactating Hu sheep were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 5): control group, model group, and CLA group. The CLA group received 1 mg/mammary gland of CLA via intramammary infusion for seven days, followed by S. aureus challenge (5 × 107 cells/mL, 2 mL/mammary gland) in the model and CLA groups, while the control group received saline. Venous blood and mammary tissue samples were collected at two days post-infection. The results demonstrated that S. aureus infection significantly upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB) in the mammary tissue of Hu sheep, p < 0.01. Relative to the control, the model group showed increased ROS and MDA levels, a diminished NAD+/NADH ratio, and downregulated expression of the antioxidant factors SOD, Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT3, p < 0.01. Furthermore, the expression of p-AMPK and mitophagy-related factors (PARKIN, PINK1, and LC3b) showed a statistically significant increase in the model group than in the control group, p < 0.01. S. aureus infection also suppressed the expression of PPARG and UCP2, p < 0.01. In contrast, the CLA group showed lower levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB), ROS and MDA, while the NAD+/NADH ratio and the expression of antioxidant factors (SOD, p-Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT3) were elevated compared with the model group, p < 0.01. Moreover, the expression of p-AMPK and mitophagy-related factors (PARKIN, PINK1, and LC3b) was reduced in the CLA group relative to the model group, p < 0.05. Concurrently, the expression of PPARG and UCP2 was higher in the CLA group than in the model group, p < 0.001. These findings demonstrated that S. aureus infection induced mastitis in Hu sheep mammary tissue, whereas CLA alleviated the infection by upregulating the PPARG-UCP2 pathway, thereby reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy levels. This study offers a novel perspective on mammary tissue repair during mastitis and expands the understanding of UCP2’s biological role.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"99-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of VGSC Mutations and P450 Overexpression with Beta-Cypermethrin Resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover from a Chinese Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) Field","authors":"Yunfei Zhang, Xinyi Hu, Junjie Yin, Jiabin Chen, Shujing Zhang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16010083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010083","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.), a specialty crop with ecological, medical, and economic value in Ningxia province of China, is subject to severe damage from Aphis gossypii Glover. Currently, A. gossypii populations show extremely high-level resistance to beta-cypermethrin in the major wolfberry planting areas in Ningxia. The specific resistance mechanisms, however, are still not known. In this work, we collected a field A. gossypii strain (HSP) from a wolfberry orchard in Ningxia in 2021 using a single-time sampling method, and its resistance to beta-cypermethrin was determined to be extremely high (994.74-fold) as compared with that of a susceptible strain (SS). Then we explored the potential resistance mechanisms from two aspects, namely, metabolic detoxification and target-site alterations. Bioassays of beta-cypermethrin with or without a synergist showed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly increased the toxicity of beta-cypermethrin (4.72-fold) to the HSP strain, while triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) exhibited no significant synergistic effects. Correspondingly, the O-demethylase activity of cytochrome P450s in the HSP strain was 1.68-fold higher than that in the susceptive strain (SS), whereas changes in carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases activities were unremarkable. Also, fifteen upregulated P450 genes were identified by both RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR technologies, containing eleven CYP6 genes, three CYP4 genes, and one CYP380 gene. Especially, five CYP6 genes with high relative expression levels (>3.00-fold) were intensively expressed by beta-cypermethrin induction in the HSP aphids. These metabolism-related results indicate the key role of P450-mediated metabolic detoxification in HSP resistance to beta-cypermethrin. Sequencing of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) genes identified a prevalent M918L mutation and a new G1012D mutation in HSP A. gossypii. Moreover, heterozygous 918 M/L and 918 M/L + G1012D mutations were the dominant genotypes with frequencies of 60.00% and 36.67% in the HSP population, respectively. Overall, VGSC mutations along with P450-mediated metabolic resistance contributed to the extremely high resistance of the HSP wolfberry aphids to beta-cypermethrin, providing support for A. gossypii control and resistance management in the wolfberry planting areas of Ningxia using insecticides with different modes of action.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"83-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/1/83/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siloxane and Nano-SiO2 Dual-Modified Bio-Polymer Coatings Based on Recyclable Spent Mushroom Substrate: Excellent Performance, Controlled-Release Mechanism, and Effect on Plant Growth","authors":"Jianrong Zhao, Yuanhao Zhang, Fuxin Liu, Songling Chen, Hongbao Wu, Ruilin Huang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010076","url":null,"abstract":"Spent mushroom substrate (SMS)-derived bio-based polyurethane coatings typically exhibit poor hydrophobicity and short nutrient release durations, limiting their ability to satisfy long-term crop requirements. This study developed improved controlled-release urea by preparing water-repellent and compact bio-polymer coatings from recyclable SMS using non-toxic siloxane and nano-SiO2 modifiers through simple processes. The dual modification markedly reduced water absorption (from 6.60% to 4.43%) and porosity (from 6.32% to 3.92%), creating a dense coating with lotus-leaf-like nanoscale surface protrusions and fewer intermembrane pores. As a result, the nitrogen (N) release period of the dual-modified bio-polymer-polyurethane-coated urea (SBPCU) with a 7% coating thickness was extended from 23 days to 42 days. Phytotoxicity assessments confirmed the excellent biosafety of the bio-polymer coating, revealing no adverse effects on maize growth and even promotional effects at low concentrations. This approach offers a sustainable, eco-friendly, and scalable strategy for producing bio-polymer-coated urea from agricultural waste, serving as a viable alternative to petrochemical coatings while improving nutrient use efficiency and biosafety.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"76-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/1/76/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Acute Noise-Induced Bursal Injury in Broilers via Suppressing NF-κB and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways","authors":"Min Li, Haowen Wang, Chunye He, Runxiang Zhang, Chaochao Luo","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010078","url":null,"abstract":"Noise pollution represents a significant environmental stressor that compromises the health and welfare of farm animals. While music enrichment has been suggested to mitigate stress, the specific mechanisms by which it protects against noise-induced immune damage remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether music can mitigate acute noise-induced injury to the bursa of Fabricius in broilers. A total of 175 male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into four groups: Control (C), Noise (N), Noise plus Music (NM), and Music (M). Starting on day 14, groups N and NM were exposed to daily acute noise exposure (115–120 dB for10 min), while groups NM and M received daily 6-h Mozart’s K.448 music enrichment. We evaluated the effects of short-term (by day 21) and long-term (by day 42) music intervention. Results showed that acute noise induced significant histopathological damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the bursa. While short-term music intervention showed limited efficacy, prolonged music exposure significantly attenuated these injuries. Mechanistically, music suppressed the noise-activated NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Concurrently, it inhibited mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt-C, and Caspase-3. These findings provide experimental evidence that long-term music enrichment effectively alleviates noise-induced immune injury, suggesting a practical strategy for improving poultry welfare.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"78-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/1/78/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The V-Type H+-Transporting ATPase Gene PoVHA-a3 from Portulaca oleracea Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana Through the Modulation of BR-ABA Signaling Balance","authors":"Jincheng Xing, Guoli Sun, Sunan He, Jing Dong, Tingting He, Xiaomei Zhu, Lizhou Hong, Yexiong Qian, Zhenhua Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture16010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010010","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuolar H+-ATPases play crucial roles in plant ion homeostasis and stress adaptation, yet the functional characterization of their subunit genes in purslane remains limited. In this study, PoVHA-a3, encoding a tonoplast-localized V-ATPase a3 subunit, was identified as a key salt-responsive gene through transcriptomic analysis. Integrated bioinformatic analysis and molecular docking simulations predicted specific binding of NAC3, MYB1, and bHLH62 to the PoVHA-a3 promoter, suggesting their synergistic role in regulating PoVHA-a3 expression. Under salt stress, PoVHA-a3 transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited elevated endogenous abscisic acid levels and upregulation of signaling genes (AtNCED3, AtRD29A, AtCOR15A), while the brassinosteroid signaling pathway was suppressed, as indicated by the reduced expression of AtBZR1 and AtEXPA8. Meanwhile, the transgenic lines demonstrated enhanced ATP levels, respiratory rate, and V-ATPase activity. In addition, PoVHA-a3 expression led to greater accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline, soluble sugars and proteins), higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of oxidative stress indices. Furthermore, a significantly lower shoot Na+/K+ ratio was observed in transgenic plants, indicating improved ion homeostasis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PoVHA-a3 acts as a pivotal positive regulator of salt tolerance in purslane, providing a valuable genetic resource for enhancing salt tolerance in crops through genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"10-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147923004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Submergence Stress in Rice Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Rice Response to Flooding and the Roles of OsEXPB3 Under Submergence","authors":"Shengqin Liu, Zhanglun Sun, Liangliang Lv, Xinyu Huang, Haiyan Fan, Mengya Li, B. A. Shi, Ya Gao, Hao Ai, Dachao Xu, Tingting Feng, Xianzhong Huang, Xianzhong Huang, Xianzhong Huang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture15242556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15242556","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to compare the transcriptional responses of japonica and indica rice genotypes with contrasting submergence tolerance and to functionally validate the role of OsEXPB3. Flooding is a major abiotic stress limiting stable rice production, and different genotypes show substantial variation in submergence tolerance. However, the transcriptional and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying subspecies-specific responses remain poorly understood. Here, RNA-seq analysis of japonica and indica accessions with contrasting tolerance levels was performed to construct molecular response networks and identify key tolerance-related genes. Comparative analysis revealed that both subspecies activate biological processes such as stimulus response, redox homeostasis, carbon metabolism, and hormone signaling under submergence. In the analyzed japonica genotypes, plants relied more on integrated hormone-regulated signaling, whereas in the analyzed indica genotypes, metabolic homeostasis was more prominent. Among the identified genes, OsEXPB3, a β-expansin gene, was consistently upregulated in tolerant accessions, whereas osexpb3 mutants displayed suppressed coleoptile and seedling elongation and reduced tolerance. Hormone profiling revealed a 0.1–0.3-fold increase in ethylene (ETH) and a 50–70% reduction in gibberellin (GA) in mutants after submergence. Defense-related hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), were initially higher but declined markedly under stress conditions. Given that the OsEXPB3 promoter contains multiple ETH-, GA-, ABA-, JA- and SA-responsive cis-elements, we propose that OsEXPB3 may coordinate the balance between growth- and defense-related hormones to mediate adaptive responses to flooding. This study reveals conserved and divergent molecular responses between subspecies and suggests that OsEXPB3 may contribute to submergence tolerance in rice, although its regulatory role requires further validation.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"15 24","pages":"2556-2556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/24/2556/pdf?version=1765377225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Morphological, Physicochemical, Metabolomic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Elucidate the Mechanism Underlying Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Peel Cracking","authors":"Yanping Hu, Yuxin Li, Tingting Zhang, Chongchong Wang, Zhu Baibi, Libo Tian, Min Wang, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/agriculture15232475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232475","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit peel cracking significantly reduces the commercial value of melons (Cucumis melo). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of peel cracking, we conducted integrated investigations including morphological, physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of cracked and non-cracked peels from the crack-resistant ‘Xizhoumi 17’ and crack-susceptible ‘Xizhoumi 25’ cultivars. The parenchyma cells in ‘Xizhoumi 17’ exhibited a compact and well-organized arrangement, whereas those in ‘Xizhoumi 25’ displayed a loosely packed and disordered structure. Notably, cracked peels exhibited significantly higher levels of water-soluble pectin and lignin, along with increased cellulase, polygalacturonase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities. In contrast, protopectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, as well as polyphenol oxidase activity, were markedly reduced compared to non-cracked peels. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is positively correlated with the progression of peel cracking. RNA-seq analysis revealed 119 and 82 differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall metabolism and lignin biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Collectively, these findings underscore the involvement of genes related to cell wall synthesis and degradation, as well as lignin synthesis, in modulating peel cracking through alterations in cell wall composition and structural stability, thereby offering practical implications for reducing melon peel cracking incidence via targeted molecular breeding of key genes regulating cell wall composition and the phenylpropanoid pathway.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"15 23","pages":"2475-2475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/23/2475/pdf?version=1764657002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth-Promoting Effects of VOCs Produced by Trametes hirsuta and Talaromyces pinophilus on Rice","authors":"Dengke Shao, Qian Xu, Xiaolong Lv, Chaoran Li, Lei Luo, Jin Xu, Yadong Zhang, Chunfang Zhao, Chen Chen","doi":"10.3390/agriculture15232451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232451","url":null,"abstract":"Plant endophytic fungi, which colonize plant tissues and form symbiotic relationships with their hosts, are known for their high diversity and wide distribution. These fungi often influence plant growth and development through the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose effects can extend beyond host plants to non-host species. In this study, we isolated two endophytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta RR1 and Talaromyces pinophilus RR2 from healthy rice roots. The VOCs mixtures produced by strains RR1 and RR2 were both able to promote rice growth when these strains were co-cultured with rice seedlings. Specifically, strain RR1 and RR2 increased rice shoot fresh weight by 44.22% and 26.69%, root fresh weight by 58.24% and 41.76%, shoot length by 30.35% and 25.07%, and root length by 29.11% and 4.23%, respectively. They significantly enhanced the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids, which increased by 18.61% and 17.04%, and by 18.73% and 31.55%, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the VOCs emitted by the two strains. The analysis successfully identified a total of 13 major compounds. Among them, at appropriate concentrations, 1-pentanol, methyl DL-2-methylbutyrate, ethylbenzene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene, ethyl benzoate and dimethyl phthalate, can promote rice growth and alter the contents of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide to varying degrees. This study provides an important basis for the in-depth research and development of biofumigants for promoting crop growth.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"15 23","pages":"2451-2451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/23/2451/pdf?version=1764172654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistically Better than One: Co-Application of Grasshopper-Derived +ssRNA Virus and Imidacloprid Induces Acute Toxicity in Locusta migratoria","authors":"Sisi Li, Zehui Ding, Xinxin Chen, Wen Yang, Jianxin Dong, Yao Xu, Zhen Wang, Chuan Cao, Wangpeng Shi, Xinzheng Huang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture15232425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232425","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic viruses offer an eco-friendly biological approach for pest control, but their relatively slow action often limits practical applications. Synergistic interactions between insect viruses and chemical pesticides can amplify their control efficacy, reduce insecticide use, and thus alleviate associated risks. Here, we evaluated the combined effects of the gomphocerinae permutotetra-like virus (GPV) and the neurotoxic insecticide imidacloprid against nymphs of Locusta migratoria. In toxicity tests, neither GPV nor imidacloprid alone caused mortality from acute toxicity after 12 h (<30%), but co-application led to marked acute synergistic toxicity, significantly increasing mortality to 87% within 12 h and 93% by 96 h. Importantly, histopathological examination revealed that the synergistic treatment caused severe midgut damage, such as disrupted or absent microvilli, extensive cellular debris in the gut lumen, cell detachment from the basal lamina, and apical displacement of nuclei. Furthermore, RNA-seq and biochemical analyses showed that the cotreatment aberrantly regulated key genes involved in peritrophic membrane integrity, substantially elevated immune responses, and disrupted energy homeostasis, which collectively led to death. These critical insights on the mechanisms underpinning the synergistic action of viral and traditional chemical agents underscore the potential of such integrated strategies to rapidly, effectively, and safely control pests.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"15 23","pages":"2425-2425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/23/2425/pdf?version=1764074719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}