BMC Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills in nurses: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Farid Ghrayeb, Kefah Zaben, Rabia H Haddad, Nahid Ghrayeb, Mohammad Barhoush, Nashat Zuraikat, Ashraf J Abuejheisheh","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03679-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03679-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Patients' outcomes could be improved by using emotional intelligence (EI) in communication. Many of the behavioral skills of nurses are shaped by their EI. This study aims to explore the relationship between the communication skills of nurses working in hospitals and their EI, emphasizing the importance of communication abilities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 350 nurses as a convenience sampling technique working in four government and private hospitals in the southern West Bank of Palestine. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographic, EI Goleman's questionnaire, and communication skills questionnaire. Participants completed a communication skills questionnaire developed by the researcher, along with Goleman's EI Scale. The validity and reliability of the tools were assessed throughout the study. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation test in SPSS v27.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The self-awareness dimension achieved the highest score of 25.50, whereas self-management recorded the lowest at 19.69, resulting in an estimated average EI score of 87.22. In terms of communication instruments, a total possible score ranges from 28 to 140, with higher mean scores indicating high EI. The overall average score for communication skills was 90.23. A significant correlation. For EI, a total possible score ranging from 28 to 140, with higher mean scores indicating high EI. was observed between the total EI score and the overall communication skills score (r = 0.542, p < 0.01), and all four EI dimensions were strongly correlated with the total communication skills score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As EI and its dimensions positively influence nurses' communication skills, hospital managers can enhance EI by organizing training sessions, promoting communication skills, and establishing a foundation for continuous improvement in hospital services. The in-service training, including monthly meetings and conferences, would benefit nurses by engaging them with EI. Using artificial intelligence could engage nurses in training sessions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing care service utilization and reducing burden: the role of needs assessments for dementia caregivers in long-term care.","authors":"Yung-Yu Su, Wen-Fu Wang, Kai-Ming Jhang, Lih-Wen Mau, Chun-Min Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03686-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03686-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Informal caregivers of people living with dementia often face significant physical and psychological burdens, which may limit their utilization of available support services. Needs assessments aim to identify these stressors and facilitate access to supportive resources. This study evaluates the effectiveness of needs assessments in enhancing service utilization and reducing the burden among informal caregivers of people living with dementia in central Taiwan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 464 informal caregivers of people living with dementia in central Taiwan, with data collected from January 2020 to December 2021. The primary outcome, caregiver burden, was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) at the initial needs assessment (Time 1) and six months post-assessment (Time 2). Data on other variables, including service utilization, were collected at baseline, Time 1, and Time 2 through structured questionnaires. Linear regression analyses examined the relationships between caregiver burden, service utilization, and influencing factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The implementation of needs assessments was associated with increased long-term care (LTC) service utilization. The proportion of caregivers using services rose from 37.3% at baseline to 45.5% after six months. The caregiver burden distribution shifted, with a reduction in moderate to severe burden (from 20.4 to 17.8%) and a slight increase in mild to moderate burden (from 43.7 to 47.2%). Linear regression analysis revealed several key factors influencing caregiver burden. Supportive resources were significantly associated with lower Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scores, an effect that often strengthened over time. Specifically, enhanced self-care abilities and the involvement of a foreign caregiver significantly reduced burden at both Time 1 (B = -4.79 and B = -5.44, respectively) and Time 2(B = -6.63 and B = -6.78, respectively). The positive impact of shared caregiving responsibilities became statistically significant at Time 2 mark (B = -5.86). Conversely, initial stressors were linked to higher burden. Caregiving for individuals with severe disabilities (B = 3.31) and the need to manage barrier-free environments (B = 5.06) were associated with greater burden at Time 1, though their influence diminished over time. Emotional strain was a strong predictor of increased burden at both time points (B = 3.51 at Time 1; B = 2.93 at Time 2), although its impact also lessened. Finally, older caregiver age was correlated with a lower burden at both time points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings highlight the effectiveness of needs assessments in reducing caregiver burden and enhancing service utilization. Needs assessments play a critical role in identifying caregiver stressors and facilitating targeted interventions, essential for sustainable long-term care and caregiver well-bei","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward azithromycin infusion reactions among pediatric nurses: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Linlin Wei, Jianying Xu, Chaolang Zhang, Cuiying Chen, Jia Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03682-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03682-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infusion-related adverse reactions to azithromycin, though uncommon, can pose serious risks in pediatric care, warranting focused attention from nursing professionals. Pediatric nurses are key to early identification and intervention, but their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding such events remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 835 pediatric nurses from 53 hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. A custom-designed, expert-reviewed questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, azithromycin-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing (Cronbach's alpha) were used to evaluate the instrument's validity. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the indirect effects of knowledge and job satisfaction on practice, with attitude as a mediator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CFA indicated acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.892), and internal consistency was moderate to good across domains (α = 0.637-0.84). Nurses demonstrated moderate knowledge (mean score 13.59/20), constructive attitudes (28.43/35), and high levels of self-reported practice (42.30/50). Job satisfaction and 5-8 years of experience were associated with better attitudes and practices. Mediation analysis revealed that knowledge (β = 0.11, P = 0.034) and job satisfaction (β = 0.49, P < 0.001) directly influenced attitude, which in turn mediated their effects on practice. Knowledge had only an indirect effect on practice (β = 0.04, P = 0.042), underscoring the importance of attitudinal reinforcement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric nurses possess limited pharmacological knowledge but exhibit safe infusion practices, likely driven by standard protocols and clinical experience. Educational interventions should go beyond factual training to include attitude-shaping strategies. Hospitals should prioritize structured in-service programs, simulation-based learning, and pre-infusion checklists to enhance safety. Future large-scale, multi-center, and longitudinal studies across diverse regions are warranted to validate these findings and enhance their generalizability.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Generative artificial intelligence acceptance, anxiety, and behavioral intention in the middle east: a TAM-based structural equation modelling approach.","authors":"Mona Gamal Mohamed, Polat Goktas, Shimaa Abdelrahim Khalaf, Aycan Kucukkaya, Ibrahim Al-Faouri, Ebtisam Abd Elazeem Saber Seleem, Awatef Ibraheem, Aya M Abdelhafez, Saleh O Abdullah, Hanan Nasef Zaki, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03640-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03640-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver burden of carers of children with cerebral palsy in selected hospitals, Southwestern Nigeria.","authors":"Oluwasola Adetola Solaja, Adenike A Olaogun","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03664-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03664-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caring for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) placed a heavy burden on the carers, which usually affects different aspects of the life of the carers. Knowledge of their burden helps to inform the broad assessment of caregivers' burden, leading to the development of a client-oriented nursing care plan capable of delivering holistic care. This plan can also inform the development of educational packages, institutional care practices, and a structured support group system that addresses the core challenges of carers of children with CP in third-world countries. Thus, this study assessed the caregiver burden of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in southwestern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a concurrent mixed methods design. The settings of the study were Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State and Massey Children's Hospital, Lagos, Lagos State. Samples were determined using the adjusted Cochran formula. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 92carers from the selected hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria for the quantitative part, while twelve carers participated concurrently in the qualitative study. Data was collected with the use of a standardised instrument (Zarit Burden Interview) and an interview guide for the In-depth interview. Quantitative data analysis was done using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23, while the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Hypotheses were tested with an alpha value set at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the majority of carers (91.3%) were between 20 and 50 years, over 89% were females, married (91.3%), mothers (81.5%), with tertiary (47.7%) and senior secondary (35.9%) education. Nearly half of the carers were employed (46.7%), and 40.2% of them were self-employed. The results showed that nearly half of the carers (42.4%) had a moderate burden, 31.5% had a mild burden, while 15.2% had a severe burden. The qualitative data identified the burden as physical stress, time constraint, lack of support, emotional burden, and financial and economic burden. There was a significant association between the educational level of carers (χ2 = 18.39, p = 0.03), the occupation of carers (χ2 = 12.36, p = 0.05), and caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that about half of the carers experienced moderate caregiver burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of best evidence for safe management of vasopressors through peripheral intravenous catheters.","authors":"Guanjie Chen, Chen Shen, Chenwei Pan, Xiaohui Gao, Mingzhu Sun, Xiaoqing Li","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03635-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03635-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vasopressors are critical for maintaining hemodynamic stability in critically ill patients, traditionally administered via central venous catheters (CVCs). However, CVCs carry risks of complications and insertion delays. Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) offer a rapid alternative but pose risks of extravasation and phlebitis. This study aimed to evaluate and summarize the evidence for the safe management of vasopressors through peripheral intravenous catheters, providing reference for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This evidence summary utilized the standard evidence summary report of Fudan University Center for Evidence-based Nursing, which includes problem establishment, evidence retrieval, literature screening, quality evaluation of the literature, the summary and grading of evidence. The registration number is \"ES20246694\". Current literatures were systematically searched for the best evidence for safe management of vasopressors through PIVCs. BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, DynaMed, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Intravenous Nurses Society, Chinese Nursing Association, PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched from database establishment to 27 June 2025. Literature types included clinical practice guidelines, clinical decisions, expert consensuses, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic search retrieved 1,925 publications, and finally identified 12 articles that had high-quality results. The evidence synthesis comprised three clinical decisions, four guidelines, one expert consensus, and four systematic reviews. We summarized the 29 pieces of best evidence from these articles, covering five aspects: training and education, infusion site selection, vascular access placement, infusion regimen optimization, and complication management. Of these pieces of evidence, 23 were 'strong' and 6 were 'weak', 9 pieces of evidence were recommended in level one.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The following 29 pieces of evidence for safe management of vasopressors through peripheral intravenous catheters were finally recommended. However, due to the multinational origin of the evidence, feasibility, appropriateness, clinical significance, and effectiveness must be evaluated within institutional contexts prior to implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"1000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health in nursing education: perspectives of learning facilitators and students in South Africa.","authors":"J Christo Heunis, N Gladys Kigozi-Male, Mahlatse Maeko, Deirdre van Jaarsveldt","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03606-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12912-025-03606-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrating mental health education into undergraduate nursing curricula is essential for equipping primary health care nurses to effectively address mental health challenges. Despite the growing burden of mental health disorders in South Africa, nursing graduates often lack sufficient mental health training, limiting their ability to provide holistic care. This study investigated the perspectives of nurse educators and preceptors and nursing students on the integration of mental health in nursing education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory case study design was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews guided by a structured interview schedule. Participants - comprising purposefully selected nurse educators, nurse preceptors, and undergraduate nursing students - were drawn from a South African nursing education institution. Data collection occurred between October and November 2023. Thematic analysis was conducted to distil key perspectives from the interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three central themes emerged: The first theme was \"curriculum and teaching challenges\"- Educators faced difficulties in bridging theory and practice due to limited hands-on training opportunities. While innovative teaching methods had previously enhanced learning, ethical and emotional concerns arose when students shared subjective experiences. The second theme was \"students' attitudes and preparedness\"- Initially, students exhibited indifference toward mental health care, but clinical exposure gradually shifted their perceptions. However, emotional unpreparedness and fear of psychiatric settings hindered their learning experiences. The third theme was \"suggestions for strengthening mental health care integration\"- Participants advocated for enriched theoretical content, increased clinical hours, early and continuous exposure to mental health care, structured emotional debriefing sessions, and short courses aimed at enhancing practical competence and student support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the disparity between ideal mental health education and the reality within South African undergraduate nursing curricula. Educators, preceptors, and students emphasised the need for comprehensive training reforms, including early exposure, extended practical hours, structured emotional support, and mentorship. Such measures could foster a more realistic approach to mental health nursing and better prepare graduates to deliver integrated mental health care within primary health care settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of intention to sign an organ donor card among Iranian clinical nurses: an application of the expanded organ donation model.","authors":"Sajjad Abdolmaleki, Sanaz Khalili, Mahnaz Farzian, Sahar Khoshravesh","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03283-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12912-025-03283-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nurses are the first line of healthcare professionals who provide ongoing care to donors and their families. The intention of nurses to sign the organ donor card and the factors affecting it are important in the field of organ donation. The aim of the present study was to predictors of intention to sign an organ donor card among clinical nurses based on the expanded organ donation model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 nurses from five educational and therapeutic centers in Hamadan, in 2023. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling method and surveyed on being a donor and their perceptions about signing the donor card. Data were collected using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between variables. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis. The significance level was considered to be p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.6 (7.8). The predictors of behavioral intention to sign organ donor card were perceived control (β = 0.245, p < 0.001), anticipated regret (β = 0.226, p < 0.001), descriptive norms (β = 0.205, p = 0.001), mass media sources (β = -0.195, p = 0.002), subjective norms (β = 0.156, p = 0.007), and knowledge (β = -0.140, p = 0.010). The EODM constructs were able to explain 41.2% of the variance in nurses' behavioral intention to receive an organ donation card.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the complex interplay of factors influencing nurses' behavioral intentions to sign an organ donor card, providing critical insights that can inform future interventions and policy decisions. The findings highlight perceived control as the most important predictor, suggesting that increasing individuals' confidence in their ability to make informed decisions about organ donation could significantly increase participation rates.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses-implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study.","authors":"Ran An, Cheng Li, Shaolong Ai, Yuan Wu, Sha Wang, Xi Luo, Xin Li, Yanming Xu, Hongchen He, Chengqi He","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03612-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12912-025-03612-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing delirium risk factors in nursing: a cross-sectional study using the analytic hierarchy process.","authors":"Özge Zeki, Perihan Güner, Mustafa Zeki, Mustafa Ozkaynak","doi":"10.1186/s12912-025-03454-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12912-025-03454-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute and fluctuating disturbances in attention, cognition, and consciousness. Despite its significant impact on patient outcomes, a gap persists between clinical practice and evidence-based approaches for delirium prevention and management. This study aims to systematically explore nurses' perceptions of delirium risk factors, identify which factors they prioritize, and examine the reasoning behind their prioritization using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By addressing these objectives, this study identified potential knowledge gaps in delirium prevention while examining the contributions and challenges of applying the AHP method in prioritizing delirium risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted with 234 nurses from five academic hospitals in Türkiye. Delirium risk factors were categorized into four main categories through the consensus of a panel of six experts with experience in delirium care and research. These finalized categories were used to develop an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire, enabling nurses to perform pairwise comparisons of the risk factors. Data collected through the AHP questionnaire were analysed using MATLAB software, and Consistency Ratios (CR) were calculated to ensure the reliability of the responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Nurses identified age &gt; 65 (GW = 0.161), noisy hospital environment where patient stays (GW = 0.077), patient living alone (GW = 0.064), insufficient interaction with patient's relatives or caregivers (GW = 0.046), admission to intensive care unit following emergency surgery or physical trauma (GW = 0.041) and admission due to surgery (GW = 0.041) as significant risk factors. Other factors such as anemia (GW = 0.006), vision and/or hearing impairment (GW = 0.009), existing cardiovascular disorder (e.g., hypertension) (GW = 0.01) and patient being in a coma or medically induced coma (GW = 0.01) ranked lower. Over half of the nurses prioritized psychological causes, citing fear, anxiety, and stress as significant contributors to delirium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study reveals significant discrepancies between nurses' prioritization of delirium risk factors and established evidence. Psychological causes were emphasized over organic factors, highlighting potential knowledge gaps and challenges in delirium recognition. By applying the AHP methodology, this study provides reliable insights into nurses' perspectives on delirium risk factors. These findings can guide future educational programs and policy interventions to bridge gaps between evidence-based practices and clinical application, ultimately improving delirium prevention strategies in healthcare settings. Furthermore, this study underscores the contributions and challenges of employing the AHP method to prioritize delirium risk factors, providing valuable insights an","PeriodicalId":48580,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nursing","volume":"24 1","pages":"996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}