Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences最新文献_第3页

Holobionts: Ecological communities, hybrids, or biological individuals? A metaphysical perspective on multispecies systems 全息生物:生态群落、杂交体还是生物个体?多物种系统的形而上学观点

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101323

Vanessa Triviño , Javier Suárez

{"title":"Holobionts: Ecological communities, hybrids, or biological individuals? A metaphysical perspective on multispecies systems","authors":"Vanessa Triviño , Javier Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Holobionts are symbiotic assemblages composed by a macrobe host (animal or plant) plus its symbiotic microbiota. In recent years, the ontological status of holobionts has created a great amount of controversy among philosophers and biologists: are holobionts biological individuals or are they rather ecological communities of independent individuals that interact together? Chiu and Eberl have recently developed an eco-immunity account of the holobiont wherein holobionts are neither biological individuals nor ecological communities, but <em>hybrids</em> between a host and its microbiota. According to their account, the microbiota is not a proper part of the holobiont. Yet, it should be regarded as a set of scaffolds that support the individuality of the host. In this paper, we approach Chiu and Eberl's account from a metaphysical perspective and argue that, contrary to what the authors claim, the eco-immunity account entails that the microorganisms that compose the host's microbiota are proper parts of the holobiont. Second, we argue that by claiming that holobionts are hybrids, and therefore, not biological individuals, the authors seem to be assuming a controversial position about the ontology of hybrids, which are conventionally characterized as a type of biological individual. In doing so, our paper aligns with the contemporary tendency to incorporate metaphysical resources to shed light on current biological debates and builds on that to provide additional support to the consideration of holobionts as biological individuals from an eco-immunity perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38259584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

本论坛

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101330

Rachel A. Ankeny

引用次数: 0

本论坛

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101332

Margaret Derry

引用次数: 0

A gradient framework for wild foods 野生食物的梯度框架

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101293

Andrea Borghini, Nicola Piras, Beatrice Serini

{"title":"A gradient framework for wild foods","authors":"Andrea Borghini, Nicola Piras, Beatrice Serini","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The concept of wild food does not play a significant role in contemporary </span>nutritional science<span> and it is seldom regarded as a salient feature within standard dietary guidelines. The knowledge systems of wild edible taxa are indeed at risk of disappearing. However, recent scholarship in </span></span>ethnobotany, field biology, and philosophy demonstrated the crucial role of wild foods for food biodiversity and food security. The knowledge of how to use and consume wild foods is not only a means to deliver high-end culinary offerings, but also a way to foster alternative models of consumption. Our aim in this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for wild foods, which can account for diversified wild food ontologies. In the first section of the paper, we survey the main conception of wild foods provided in the literature, what we call the Nature View. We argue that this view falls short of capturing characteristics that are core to a sound account of wilderness in a culinary sense. In the second part of the paper, we provide the foundation for an improved model of wild food, which can countenance multiple dimensions and degrees connoting wilderness in the culinary world. In the third part of the paper we argue that thanks to a more nuanced ontological analysis, the gradient framework can serve ethnobiologists, philosophers, scientists, and policymakers to represent and negotiate theoretical conflicts on the nature of wild food.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38195123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

本论坛

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101329

Bernard Lightman

引用次数: 0

图书论坛

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101324

Pierre-Luc Germain

引用次数: 0

‘Ethnobiological equivocation’ and other misunderstandings in the interpretation of natures “民族生物学的模棱两可”和其他对自然解释的误解

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101333

Violeta Furlan , N. David Jiménez-Escobar , Fernando Zamudio , Celeste Medrano

{"title":"‘Ethnobiological equivocation’ and other misunderstandings in the interpretation of natures","authors":"Violeta Furlan , N. David Jiménez-Escobar , Fernando Zamudio , Celeste Medrano","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this contribution we seek to enrich the theoretical and methodological approaches of ethnobiology. The essay takes elements of Amerindian anthropology, classical ethnobiological studies and the freedoms provided by feminist philosophers to open up reflection. The central background of the essay is the method of “controlled equivocation” proposed by Viveiros de Castro (2004). We present a series of five ethnobiological equivocations ranging from the categorical equivocal, going through the subtle equivocal to the strictly ontological ones. The cases occurred in different territories of Argentina, including a case in an academic context. Through the fieldwork cases, we give an account of the origin of equivocations, the context for their emergence, which are the disciplinary nuances that cause them and even some academics’ preconceptions. To inhabit the equivocation allows opening the possibilities of coexistence among people –and their respective worlds–, especially if these people are in different power positions. We propose the method of controlled equivocation as a theoretical-discursive tool, which permits us to rethink the current concepts of ethnobiology. Thus, we want to broaden the current definition of ethnobiology understood as a dialogue from different scientific points of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38241450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Mapping styles of ethnobiological thinking in North and Latin America: Different kinds of integration between biology, anthropology, and TEK 北美和拉丁美洲民族生物学思维的绘制风格:生物学、人类学和人类学之间的不同整合

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101308

Radamés Villagómez -Reséndiz Ph.D. Mesoamerican Studies (Anthropology)

{"title":"Mapping styles of ethnobiological thinking in North and Latin America: Different kinds of integration between biology, anthropology, and TEK","authors":"Radamés Villagómez -Reséndiz Ph.D. Mesoamerican Studies (Anthropology)","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethnobiology has emerged as an important transdisciplinary field that addresses the epistemic and political value of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) through an integration of biological and social sciences. In North and Latin America, ethnobiology encompasses a diversity of approaches towards TEK but there is no consensus on how TEK relates to biological and anthropological research. The aim of this article is to develop an account that helps to map integration strategies in ethnobiological approaches in North and Latin America that jointly embrace biology, anthropology, and TEK. Borrowing the notion of ‘styles of reasoning’ and the framework of integrative pluralism from philosophy of science, we argue that ethnobiologists across the Americas have developed heterogeneous research programs. At the same time, we argue that these styles of reasoning tend to converge in prioritizing biological perspectives and are often limited in their understandings of cultural practices due to a lack of substantive ethnographic methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38044196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Mental health, normativity, and local knowledge in global perspective 全球视角下的心理健康、规范性和地方知识

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101334

Elena Popa

{"title":"Mental health, normativity, and local knowledge in global perspective","authors":"Elena Popa","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Approaching mental health on a global scale with particular reference to low- and mid-income countries raises issues concerning the disregard of the local context and values and the imposition of values characteristic of the Global North. Seeking a philosophical viewpoint to surmount these problems, the present paper argues for a value-laden framework for psychiatry<span> with the specific incorporation of value pluralism, particularly in relation to the Global South context, while also emphasizing personal values such as the choice of treatment. In sketching out this framework, the paper aims to overcome the clash between universalism and relativism about psychiatric categories by focusing on how overlaps between cultures can contribute to ontology-building. A case study analyzing ethnopsychiatric research in the context of South India will illustrate the proposed view, while also pointing out avenues for further research on the causal efficacy of local shared beliefs about mental disorder. If approaches across different traditions and theoretical frames are shown to work in treating similar </span></span>ailments, causal connections appear to cut across the different ontologies. Ethnopsychiatry would play a central role in such research, namely in disclosing the variables and mechanisms at work within the local approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38371862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Representing and coordinating ethnobiological knowledge 代表和协调民族生物学知识

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101328

Daniel A. Weiskopf

{"title":"Representing and coordinating ethnobiological knowledge","authors":"Daniel A. Weiskopf","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indigenous peoples possess enormously rich and articulated knowledge of the natural world. A major goal of research in anthropology and ethnobiology as well as ecology, conservation biology, and development studies is to find ways of integrating this knowledge with that produced by academic and other institutionalized scientific communities. Here I present a challenge to this integration project. I argue, by reference to ethnographic and cross-cultural psychological studies, that the models of the world developed within specialized academic disciplines do not map onto anything existing within traditional beliefs and practices for coping with nature. Traditional ecological knowledge is distributed across a heterogeneous array of overlapping practices within Indigenous cultures, including spiritual and ritual practices that invoke categories, properties, and causal-explanatory models that do not in general converge with those of the academic sciences. In light of this divergence I argue that we should abandon the integration project, and conclude by sketching a notion of knowledge coordination as a possible successor framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38245490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10