Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences最新文献_第10页

Medical nihilism: The limits of a decontextualised critique of medicine 医学虚无主义:脱离语境的医学批判的局限

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101189

Arjun Devanesan

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引用次数: 1

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101205

Claire Edington

引用次数: 0

本论坛

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101203

Hans Pols

引用次数: 0

Kant, organisms, and representation 康德，有机体和表象

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101223

Patrick R. Leland

引用次数: 5

Epistemic risks in cancer screening: Implications for ethics and policy 癌症筛查中的认知风险:对伦理和政策的影响

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101200

Justin B. Biddle

{"title":"Epistemic risks in cancer screening: Implications for ethics and policy","authors":"Justin B. Biddle","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cancer screening<span> is the subject of much debate; while screening has the potential to save lives by identifying and treating cancers in early stages, it is also the case that not all cancers cause symptoms, and the diagnosis of these cancers can lead to unnecessary treatments and subsequent side-effects and complications. This paper explores the relationships between epistemic risks in cancer diagnosis and screening, the social organization of </span></span>medical research and practice, and policy making; it does this by examining 2018 recommendations by the United States Preventative Services Task Force that patients make individualized, autonomy-based decisions about cancer screening on the basis of discussions with their physicians. While the paper focuses on </span>prostate cancer<span> screening, the issues that it raises are relevant to other cancer screening programs, especially breast cancer. The paper argues that prostate cancer screening—and, more generally, the process of risk assessment for prostate cancer—is pervaded by epistemic risks that reflect value judgments and that the pervasiveness of these epistemic risks creates significant and under-explored difficulties for physician-patient communication and the achievement of autonomous patient decision making.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75773360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Best behaviour: A proposal for a non-binary conceptualization of behaviour in biology 最佳行为:对生物学中行为的非二元概念化的建议

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101222

Eric Muszynski, Christophe Malaterre

{"title":"Best behaviour: A proposal for a non-binary conceptualization of behaviour in biology","authors":"Eric Muszynski, Christophe Malaterre","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behaviour is a widespread object of research in biology, yet it is often left undefined, and the variety of existing definitions have not led to a consensus. We argue that the fundamental problem in defining behaviour has been the assumption that the concept must be categorical: either a phenomenon is a behaviour or it is not. We propose instead that ‘behaviour’ is best understood as a spectrum concept. We have identified three major characteristics of phenomena which, we argue, fuel the intuitions of biologists regarding the classification of cases as behaviour. All are related to the mechanistic explanations put forth to account for the phenomena, and are (i) the complexity of the mechanism, (ii) the stability of the constitutive entities, and (iii) the quantity and significance of the inputs to the underlying mechanism. We illustrate this new conceptualisation through a three-dimensional behaviour-space which highlights the apparently different conceptualizations of behaviour attributed to humans, animals and plants, showing that they, in fact, all partake of a unified, malleable understanding of a single concept.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84409364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

书评

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101204

Junko Kitanaka

引用次数: 0

Social evolution and the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy. 社会进化和个体作为最大化代理的类比。

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101225

C. Paternotte

引用次数: 1

Pandora's box closed: The Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine and Nazi medical experiments on human beings during World War II 潘多拉的盒子关闭了:皇家空军航空医学研究所和二战期间纳粹在人类身上进行的医学实验

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101190

James Mills

{"title":"Pandora's box closed: The Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine and Nazi medical experiments on human beings during World War II","authors":"James Mills","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the months before and after the final surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945, British aviation medicine<span> specialists were sent to the European continent to learn the progress that German aviation medicine had made since September 1939. For the medical officers at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine at Farnborough in Hampshire, the dilemma over whether the medical data from the Nazi aviation medicine experiments at Dachau concentration camp should be exploited presented profound moral and ethical problems. Their deliberations paralleled those of the 1945-46 Nuremberg Trial, which revealed the crimes that were committed under the Nazi regime. At the same time, the British medical establishment debated the morality of publishing the Nazi medical research to serve humanity. This article shows that on the basis of British wartime and post-war research, and determinations that were made by the British Advisory Committee for the Investigation of German Medical War Crimes, by 1948 the RAF IAM had essentially rejected the results of the Nazi aviation medicine experiments on scientific and ethical grounds.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48557,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77490354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“The Invention of Madness by Emily Baum: Reply by the author” 《疯狂的发明——艾米丽·鲍姆:作者回复》

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C-Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101206

Emily Baum

引用次数: 0